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1.
贺兰山地区沙尘气溶胶瞬时谱分析及拟合 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
利用APS-3310A型激光空气动力学粒子谱仪，1998年4、5月和1999年4月在贺兰山附近的巴音浩特、盐池、银川等地采集了具有代表性的背景大气、浮尘、扬沙、沙尘暴天气条件下沙尘粒子谱分布资料。对粒子瞬时谱的统计分析发现：不同的沙尘天气过程中，气溶胶的瞬时浓度存在很大差别。扬沙、沙尘暴天气过程中，气溶胶浓度变化较大；浮尘天气过程中，气溶胶浓度变化较小。沙尘现象越强，粗粒子（d〉2．5μm）越多，各粒径段浓度变化越明显。不同过程，粗细粒子对粒子表面积浓度贡献程度不一。沙尘气溶胶粒子谱型为单峰结构，对粒子的瞬时谱进行了谱型拟合，其具有对数正态分布函数的特征。 相似文献
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《气象与环境学报》2016,(6)
基于2015年秋末冬初华北地区频繁出现的大范围重污染天气过程,利用无人直升机搭载的气溶胶采样装置和激光粒子计数器对北京顺义及房山地区近地面大气颗粒物进行探测,分析了重雾霾天气大气颗粒物的质量浓度和数浓度廓线及其分布特征。结果表明:北京地区重雾霾天气过程粒径小于1.0μm的气溶胶数浓度随高度变化不明显,粒径大于1.0μm的气溶胶数浓度随高度呈弱的减小趋势,说明重污染天气条件下近地面层大气颗粒物的粒子数相对稳定,亚微米级气溶胶数浓度较高,而粗粒子气溶胶数浓度较低。基于无人直升机搭载的气溶胶采样装置采集的气溶胶样品的质量浓度廓线表明,50 m高度大气颗粒物质量浓度较高,最大浓度达700μg·m-3。 相似文献
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春末中国西北沙漠地区沙尘气溶胶物理特性的飞机观测 总被引：16，自引：6，他引：10
将APS-3310型激光空气动力学气溶胶粒子谱仪安装在飞机上,于1999年春末对中国西北沙漠地区上空气溶胶进行探测。结果表明:沙漠地区上空沙尘气溶胶粒子数浓度一般为1~10个.cm-3,平均直径为1.6~4.6μm,最大直径为13.0~28.0μm;TSP质量浓度为0.01~0.08mg.m-3,PM2.5和PM10分别占TSP的3.6%~13.8%和50.3%~88.1%。高空沙尘气溶胶数浓度与下垫面状况密切相关,沙漠地表上空的粒子数浓度高于植被覆盖较好的地区;当在沙漠地区上空飞行轨迹为上升、平飞、下降时,沙尘气溶胶粒子谱呈现出由单峰偏态、双峰、正态到单峰偏态等形式的演变。 相似文献
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利用AERONET观测资料从气候学的角度比较分析了2001-2011年东亚地区沙尘天气发生时沙尘源区和下游区大气气溶胶光学特性。结果表明：沙尘期间沙尘源区气溶胶光学厚度明显大于下游区,而Angstr?m波长指数却小于下游区,当沙尘暴出现时会降至零甚至负值。气溶胶粒子尺度体积谱分布除敦煌为单峰外,其余各站均呈双峰分布,香河和北京的细粒子浓度明显大于西北地区,这可能是由细的沙尘粒子和污染气溶胶共同造成。在440-1020 nm范围内,中国地区气溶胶单次散射反照率平均值为0.93,韩国和日本站分别为0.93和0.94。沙尘源区与下游区相比,复折射指数实部偏大,虚部偏小。总体来说,沙尘天气下东亚地区在4个波段内平均不对称因子为0.70。 相似文献
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利用2009年石家庄地区的4次机载PMS探测资料,对不同天气条件下大气气溶胶的数浓度、平均直径垂直分布和谱分布及一次晴天条件下的水平分布进行分析。结果表明：PCASP 探头探测的0.1-3.0 μm气溶胶粒子最大数浓度的量级为102-104 cm-3之间,平均值量级为102-103 cm-3之间,平均直径最大值介于0.225-0.717 μm,平均值介于0.148-0.167 μm。晴天条件下,气溶胶的数浓度随高度递减,直径随高度变化不大;逆温层底气溶胶明显积累,气溶胶浓度在大气边界层内明显高于其他层次;阴天轻雾情况下边界层内的气溶胶数浓度大于雨天和晴天,雨天气溶胶浓度最低;晴天气溶胶数浓度的水平分布不均匀;在云中气溶胶浓度明显下降,在云外气溶胶浓度较高。不同天气条件和晴天不同高度情况下,石家庄地区气溶胶谱型呈单峰分布,小于0.3 μm的细粒子对气溶胶的数浓度贡献最大,且随着高度的增加谱宽变窄。 相似文献
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利用2010年11月6日在珠江三角洲的佛山、江门等地区上空进行的一次飞机探测数据,初步分析气溶胶粒子的垂直和水平分布特征。结果表明,气溶胶粒子在不同的高度有较大的差异,自下而上存在着累积层、递减层和增加层,在1 033 m以下的大气边界层存在气溶胶粒子的累积,气溶胶粒子最小浓度为1 151.15/cm3,高度1 033 m;最大浓度为7 307.38/cm3,高度627 m;平均浓度5 775.63/cm3,平均直径0.212 μm,最大直径0.219 μm,最小直径0.189 μm。在1 033 m以上,气溶胶粒子浓度随高度增加而递减,但在逆温层附近气溶胶粒子的浓度出现了随高度增加而增加的现象。在江门鹤山上空3 800 m的高度层平飞时段,气溶胶粒子数浓度平均为19.74/cm3,变化范围1.97～53.65/cm3。对不同高度粒子谱分析表明,其谱型为多峰型,且高度越高,谱宽越窄,大粒子基本集中在1 000 m高度以下。 相似文献
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2006年春季沙尘天气下背景地区大气气溶胶光学特性的观测研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
利用2006年3～5月北京上甸子本底站气溶胶细粒子(PM2.5)质量浓度、吸收和散射系数的连续观测资料,对2006年春季上甸子本底站清洁、污染输送及典型沙尘天气下气溶胶的消光特性进行了分析.结果显示:①本底站在春季清洁情况下PM2.5质量浓度、吸收和散射系数的日均值水平分别为:10 μg/m3、7 Mm-1和20Mm-1左右,单散射反照率分布在0.71～0.78之间;此次观测到的污染输送过程中PM2.5质量浓度、吸收和散射系数平均值分别为:145 μg/m3、44.5 Mm-1、374.3 Mm-1,单散射反照率分布在0.84～0.94之间;沙尘影响期间,PM2.5质量浓度、吸收和散射系数以及单散射反照率的测量结果分布在248.2～424.1 μg/m3、10.8～44.7Mm-1、225.4～392.5 Mm-1和0.89～0.96之间.②观测得出,沙尘影响集中的时段细粒子质量浓度、气溶胶散射系数和气溶胶吸收系数都成倍地上升,其中质量浓度和散射系数上升的幅度要高于吸收系数.③3种天气条件的对比结果显示.受沙尘天气影响PM2.5质量浓度明显上升,且逐时波动幅度大;吸收系数远高于清洁天气下的观测结果,但比污染输送过程的测量结果偏低;散射系数同样高于清洁天气下的观测结果,与污染输送情况下的测量结果接近.沙尘天气导致颗粒物浓度明显上升,其对气溶胶粒子散射作用的贡献要大于吸收作用. 相似文献
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为深入了解我国不同背景地区大气冰核浓度特征,本文通过在我国不同地区进行大气冰核及气溶胶的采样观测。研究发现：观测期间,黄山光明顶的冰核浓度数值均值为2.208 L-1;南京地区的冰核浓度数值均值为7.16 L-1;泰山山顶的冰核浓度数值均值为3.455 L-1;泰山山底的冰核浓度数值均值为4.818 L-1;新疆地区无沙尘天气冰核浓度数值均值为11.27 L-1;新疆有沙尘天气冰核浓度数值均值为51.812 5 L-1。研究给出了不同背景地区的大气冰核浓度的温度谱和湿度谱的分布。同时,研究发现,冰核数浓度与粒径大于0.5μm的气溶胶粒子数浓度的相关性较高,也就是气溶胶粒子中大颗粒所占比例越高,冰核数浓度越高。此外,还建立了基于活化温度、过饱和度以及大于0.5μm气溶胶粒子数浓度的冰核参数化方案,它们可以分别适用于沙漠地表,相对清洁的背景区域和人为污染较多的城市背景。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献