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随着城市建设用地飞速扩张,绿地作为稀缺资源,对居民心理健康具有重要影响。本文基于2015年广州市1273份居民问卷调查数据,并通过腾讯街景视图和机器学习算法提取街景绿地数据,考察街景绿地、地方依恋和心理健康之间的内在逻辑与机理,并对比本地居民和外来移民的差异。研究发现：① 街景绿地与居民心理健康水平呈显著的正相关关系;② 街景绿地与心理健康的关系受到中介变量地方依恋的影响,即街景绿地通过影响居民地方依恋,间接影响其心理健康水平;③ 对于本地居民,地方依恋发挥完全中介效应,即街景绿地对居民心理健康的影响完全通过地方依恋实现;④ 对于外来移民,地方依恋则发挥部分中介效应,即街景绿地不仅直接作用于居民的心理健康状况,而且通过影响居民的地方依恋间接提升其心理健康水平。 相似文献
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在中国经济和城镇化都逐步迈入高质量发展阶段的背景下,厘清经济发展对城市宜居性的影响规律具有重要的学术价值和应用价值。本文将宜居性作为一项“要素”引入生产函数研究框架,构建了经济发展对城市宜居性影响的理论模型,并基于2005—2019年中国40个大中城市的面板数据,利用系统GMM、面板门槛模型等方法对其进行实证检验。结果表明：① 2005—2019年中国大中城市的宜居性水平总体呈上升态势,但存在明显的维度分异和空间分异特征。② 总体上经济发展对城市宜居性的提高具有抑制效应,但这种效应在不同时间阶段和不同城市规模中呈现出明显的异质性。对于进入经济新常态阶段前,以及规模较大的直辖市和部分经济发达的省会城市,这种抑制作用比较显著;而进入新常态阶段后,经济发展对城市宜居性提升具有明显的促进作用。③ 经济发展对城市宜居性的影响还存在门槛效应,随着居民收入水平的提高,其影响效应呈现出显著的倒“N”型门槛特征。当经济发展使职工平均工资处于6万元至8万元时,经济发展能明显提高城市宜居度。经济发展本身对城市宜居性的影响表现出显著的单一门槛抑制效应,但其负向影响呈现出边际效率递减规律。最后,根据本文的研究发现从“宏观指引”和“微观行动”两个层面提出相应的政策启示。 相似文献
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东北地区城市宜居性评价及影响因素分析——基于2007-2014年面板数据的实证研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
新型城镇化背景下,城市宜居性成为当前学术界研究的热点之一。本文基于资源、环境、经济、社会、生活、安全6个方面构建了宜居城市评价指标体系,运用熵值法、ArcGIS空间分析法和面板数据模型分析法,对2007-2014年东北地区37个城市的宜居性及影响因素进行探究。结果表明：①城市宜居水平整体偏低,提高速度较慢,但城市间的差异在缩小。②城市宜居水平在空间上形成以沈阳、大连为核心的“双核”分布模式,以及以长春、哈尔滨和大庆为核心“扇叶”分布格局。③各城市间宜居水平存在较弱的空间相关性,但这种相关性逐年增强。④各单项指标的地域分异与综合水平的地域分异存在差异,不同城市在不同指标下有其优势与不足。⑤在研究社会经济的影响时,通过建立面板数据模型,发现居民储蓄存款余额、市政设施建设投资、人均住宅房地产开发投资、社区服务设施、人口密度与城市宜居性呈正相关,而SO2排放量则呈负相关。 相似文献
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中国流动人口的城市宜居性感知及其对定居意愿的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
流动人口是中国城镇化进程的重要参与者,加强其定居意愿特征分析对制定中国新型城镇化发展政策具有重要参考价值。基于中国40个主要城市的宜居城市问卷调查数据,运用描述统计和地理探测器方法,揭示中国流动人口的城市宜居性感知特征及其对定居意愿的影响。研究结果表明：①中国流动人口的城市宜居性感知评价分异明显,呈现出“公共服务设施便利性>自然环境舒适性>社会人文环境舒适性>环境健康性>交通便捷性>城市安全性”的递减特征;②中国流动人口的公共服务设施便利性、社会人文环境舒适性、环境健康性和城市安全性等4个维度城市宜居性感知对其定居意愿具有显著影响,且影响强度依次递减,但二者关系并不完全呈简单的线性特征。③相对他人收入满意度、生活满意度、住房价格感知和地理区位等参照变量,以及年龄、性别和职业等个体与家庭属性也是影响中国流动人口定居意愿的重要因素。 相似文献
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One major limitation currently with studying street level urban design qualities for walkability is the often inconsistent and unreliable measures of streetscape features across different field surveyors even with costly training due to lack of more objective processes, which also make large scale study difficult. The recent advances in sensor technologies and digitization have produced a wealth of data to help research activities by facilitating improved measurements and conducting large scale analysis. This paper explores the potential of big data and big data analytics in the light of current approaches to measuring streetscape features. By applying machine learning algorithms on Google Street View imagery, we generated objectively three measures on visual enclosure. The results showed that sky areas were identified fairly well for the calculation of proportion of sky. The three visual enclosure measures were found to be correlated with pedestrian volume and Walk Score. This method allows large scale and consistent objective measures of visual enclosure that can be done reproducibly and universally applicable with readily available Google Street View imagery in many countries around the world to help test their association with walking behaviors. 相似文献
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基于地理探测器的北京市居民宜居满意度影响机理 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
城市宜居性是与居民生活质量密切相关的科学议题,深入探讨宜居满意度影响机理对把握转型期北京市居民居住环境需求、促进宜居城市建设等具有重要的现实意义。以北京市为案例,基于2013年宜居城市大规模问卷调查数据,运用因子分析方法提取了北京市居民宜居满意度主要感知因素,并分别从居民宜居感知因素、个体与家庭属性因素两个视角,借助地理探测器方法揭示了北京市居民宜居满意度特征与影响机理。研究发现：①北京市居民宜居满意度主要由污染噪声因子、生活设施因子、人文环境因子、出行便捷因子、自然环境因子、安全环境因子和休闲活动因子等7个维度构成。②宜居满意度受到宜居感知因素和个体与家庭属性共同影响,但宜居感知因素的解释力明显要强,其中污染噪声因子、自然环境因子和出行便捷因子等因素是关键因子。③宜居满意度与宜居感知因素具有相对一致性,且存在个体与家庭属性差异。通常宜居感知因素得分低居民,其宜居满意度也相对较低;另外,远郊区、租赁房、有迁居经历、男性、30~39岁、高中学历、家庭月收入5000元以下和外地户口等社会群体的宜居满意度明显要低。 相似文献
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山地城市街道意象及景观特色塑造 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
街道是人们对城市景观最直接最经常的感受来源，是人们认识城市的重要场所。山地城市因其特殊的地理地貌环境，其街道的景观形象对整个城市形象具有更大的影响力。从山地城市道路形态特征意象、视觉特征意象及城市街道景观的三个构成要素，探讨了山地城市街道意象及其景观特色，以及如何构筑具有山地特色的城市空间。 相似文献
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以长沙市为例，建立由20 367个建筑体块以及水体、地形、道路等要素构成的城市三维模型，通过建设、环境、交通、服务、景观5个方面的20个指标的计算，对全市1 860个居住区的空间宜居程度进行综合分析。结果表明：长沙市居住区的空间宜居程度存在显著的空间差异，呈现出“西高东低”“一走廊三高地三低地”的空间特征。湘江沿岸“走廊”以及梅溪湖、松雅湖、洋湖周边区域“三高地”的空间宜居程度较高，中心城区则存在空间宜居程度最低的“三低地”。城市综合宜居程度与景观类指标、环境类指标呈空间正相关，建设类指标呈现“中心低、边缘高”现象，而交通类、服务类指标呈现“中心高、边缘低”现象。产生上述特征的主要原因在于：城市扩张与居住区建设速度过快，居住区对景观资源依赖性强，老旧小区搬迁改造推进缓慢，新建城区配套服务不足。应该从控制城市周边居住区的新建、推动旧城改造、加强景观营造、完善配套服务等方面进一步优化。 相似文献
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城市体检是促进中国城市人居环境高质量和提升城市居民幸福感的创新举措,但却很少有研究正面关注城市体检社会评价对居民福祉的影响。论文基于2021年住建部在长三角地区8个样本城市开展的大规模城市体检社会满意度调查数据,采用主成分分析和多元回归分析相结合方法,分别探讨了长三角地区居民的城市人居环境质量感知因子及其对居民幸福感的影响,并从以人为本视角提出长三角地区城市人居环境高质量发展策略。研究发现:(1)城市体检社会满意度评价指标共提取了7个城市人居环境感知评价主成分因子,分别命名为城市管理、城市活力、城市舒适、城市宜居、城市包容、城市安全和城市便利,累计贡献率达到66.767%。(2)城市人居环境感知评价因子均对长三角地区城市居民幸福感具有显著影响,但不同城市人居环境感知评价因子的影响方向却存在差异性。其中,城市管理、城市活力、城市舒适、城市宜居和城市包容等因子显著正向影响幸福感,城市安全和城市便利等因子显著负向影响幸福感。(3)不同城市规模居民幸福感的人居环境主导因子有所不同,同时不同户口和年龄居民幸福感的人居环境影响因素也有差异。研究结果对促进长三角地区城市居民幸福感提升和指导城市人居环境建设具有重要的决策参考作用。 相似文献
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基于BDI决策的居住空间宜居性分析——以大连沙河口区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以土地利用、社会经济、高程数据为基础,应用BDI决策多智能体模型研究大连市沙河口区居住空间宜居性。结果表明：① 大连市沙河口区星海湾街道居住空间适宜性评价数值为32.186,居住空间以星海湾街道适宜性为最佳,其次是南沙街道25.288,黑石礁街道22.098。② 绿地影响着居住空间的适宜性,居民的生活离不开优美的生态环境。③ 适宜居住空间有绿化较好,公共设施完善,居住空间所在区地面平缓,交通发达且及居民点聚集不十分密集的特点。总体而言,沙河口区居住空间宜居性差异性大,东南方向居住空间适宜性较强,全区整体呈现?型分布。 相似文献
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国外城市舒适性研究综述与启示 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
城市发展中所关注的研究内容随城市所处的发展阶段和时代而变化。西方发达国家对城市舒适性的研究已经有长达70年的历史,而中国在这方面的研究开展甚少,并且对国外城市舒适性相关研究缺乏全面的认识。首先系统梳理了国外研究中关于城市舒适性的理论基础、概念、内涵,及其与人口迁移和城市发展的关系,并对研究方法进行了介绍;其次对国外城市舒适性研究进展进行了简要的评述和研究趋势展望,进而提出,从城市发展前瞻性的视角出发,有必要在中国深入开展城市舒适性研究,并对如何在中国城市规划设计、城市经济转型研究中借鉴城市舒适性研究理念和研究方法进行了分析。 相似文献
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We examine changes in the livability rankings of U.S. metropolitan areas as measured by 1981 and 1985 editions of Places Rated Almanac. The bonus point system of the 1985 Almanac arbitrarily rewards PMSA status in four of the nine indices used to measure urban livability, thus giving 76 metropolitan area a decided advantage over 253 “stand alone”MSAs. A Student's t-test of thirteen comparably measured vaiables in both editions reveals many counterintuitive results. Metropolitan areas gaining in rank have higher rates of violent crime and housing costs and provide less public transportation and health care than their declining counterparts. The changes in rankings reflect changed measurement criteria and metropolitan delimitation rather than any substantive change in the U.S. urban system. Alternative mechanisms allocating bonus points, including a gravity model and the daily urban system, are suggested. 相似文献
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研究人口密度与人居环境感知的非线性关系对于合理控制大城市规模、制定适宜的人口密度控制标准以及寻求城镇化科学发展具有重要的现实意义。以杭州为案例城市,基于2020年住建部“城市体检”社会满意度问卷调查结果和杭州城市建成环境空间数据,利用三阶段逐步回归模型和中介效应检验重点分析了人口密度与居民生态宜居感知、健康舒适感知和交通便捷感知的非线性关系,并分析了人口密度对不同维度人居环境感知的影响路径。研究发现：人口密度与居民生态宜居感知、健康舒适感知和交通便捷感知具有显著的倒U型关联,当人口密度在（1.5~2.0）万人/km2时,居民对这3个维度的感知情况最好;在影响路径方面,人口密度对居民生态宜居感知的影响路径为部分中介,对居民健康舒适感知以及交通便捷感知的影响路径为完全中介。研究不仅可以加深对于紧凑城市理论的理解,还可以为城市体检工作中指标参照值的设置提供科学的参考依据,促进新型城镇化健康有序地发展。 相似文献
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中国城市体检评估的理论基础和方法 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
城市体检评估是中国城市新发展阶段下,城市规划、建设和管理工作的重要创新,是推进城市人居环境建设的系统化、精准化和科学化的重要工作方式,也是建设更健康、更安全、更宜居的城市,为人民群众提供高品质生活环境的重要抓手。从地理学的系统性思维、经济学的规模经济、城市规划关于密度与空间的匹配以及城市宜居性等视角分析了城市体检评估的理论基础,并提出了城市体检评估的基本导则。在此基础上对体检评估的指标设计、数据采集、评估分析方法和整体技术流程进行了系统的构建。得出结论：城市体检评估必须建立理论框架和方法体系,形成综合和系统评价体系、科学数据采集手段、分析和模拟方法、诊断和反馈机制等全流程的体检评估机制,全面推进中国人居环境的高质量发展。 相似文献
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Szymon Chmielewski Danbi J. Lee Piotr Tompalski Tadeusz J. Chmielewski Piotr Wężyk 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(4):801-818
Debates on the encroaching commercialization of public space by outdoor advertising highlight its possible negative impact on local quality of life and enjoyment of public spaces. These overstimulating outdoor advertisements are often considered a source of visual pollution, but cities have no standard way of measuring where it exists and its local impact, and thus cannot regulate it effectively. This study illustrates that visual pollution can be measured in a useful way by relating public opinion to the number of visible advertisements (intervisibility analysis). Using a 2.5D outdoor advertisement (OA) dataset (location and height) of a busy urban street in Lublin, Poland, this preliminary experiment translates visibility into visual pollution. It was found that streetscape views with more than seven visible OAs created visual pollution in this case study. The GIS-based methodology proposed could provide Lublin officials with a basic tool to assess and manage visual pollution, by informing permitting decisions on OAs. 相似文献
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基于2017年广州市单体建筑数据,以建筑高度和建筑间距2个指标,确定主城区基本的建筑组合,利用热点分析辨识更高尺度上的建筑组合,在此基础上分析广州建筑组合的空间分布及其影响因素。主要结论有：1）建筑组合有9种基本类型,4 272斑块数量与面积在占比上具有很强的同步性。2）百米尺度斑块构成了主城区建筑组合的基本单元,并以混合用地类型为主,由高层建筑组成的类型用地功能指示作用明显。3）主城区基本类型圈层分布特点突出,各类型圈层分异规律存在差异。4）地价是城市建筑高度、人口密度由中心向外递减的核心制约因子,是城市建筑组合分异的宏观背景因素,并能在平原地形上很好地以圈层形式呈现出来。在百米尺度上,绿地、珠江与主干道在微观层面对建筑组合类型、高度和密度产生影响,使得主城区建筑组合复杂化、多样化。 相似文献
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Renfeng Ma Tengfei Wang Wenzhong Zhang Jianhui Yu Dai Wang Li Chen Yanpeng Jiang Gequn Feng 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(8):1159-1175
Increasing Chinese urbanization and industrialization has prompted greater attention to the study of human settlement and the human-land relationship in the fields of geography, architecture, and urban planning. We used bibliometric methods and statistical software to review 180 articles on human settlement in 16 Chinese geographical journals. We found that Chinese geographical human settlement research is characterized by the following: (1) Most research focuses on human settlement extension, valuation indicators, models for urban and rural settlements, theoretical exploration and the planning practices of single-factor, human settlement and complex, geographical livability in macro-scale, urban settlement differentiation and ideal patterns in medium scale, the comprehensive evaluation of settlement environment, and the planning of community units in micro-scale, community settlements; socio-cultural investigation and warnings about advancing human settlement. (2) No progress has been made in synthesizing and integrating method systems. PSR models and DPSIR models are used for targeting mechanisms, while the standard settlement evaluation system was composed of physical & economic indicators by questionnaire surveys. On the other hand, spatial clustering based on GIS has been a frequent focus in recent years. Pioneering research on human settlement and theoretical systems within the context of China’s urbanization and industrialization will provide guidance on the sustainability of Chinese cities and regions. The following five aspects require greater attention: (1) Natural suitability research on human settlement, and a survey of human settlement demands to reflect the range of different demands concerning ecologically suitable settlements in urban environments, the corresponding valuation indicators, systems, and evolution, and the impact of the residents’ socio-economic attributes. (2) Spatial-temporal evaluation and sustainability research on urban and rural human settlement at various scales, focusing on evolution and spatial differentiation at various scales such as city clusters and comparisons between cities, within the cities and communities. (3) Development of theory and technology for human settlement evolution research, including detection technology and methods, data mining measures, and forecasting and emulation of regional and urban human settlement evolution processes, mechanisms and patterns. (4) Research on the control of human settlement that focuses on optimization, patterns, and policies for effective management and development. (5) Estimating the human settlement system service value and establishing suitable human settlement systems, including social, economic, cultural and ecological service values. 相似文献
20.
《地理学报(英文版)》2016,(8)
Increasing Chinese urbanization and industrialization has prompted greater attention to the study of human settlement and the human-land relationship in the fields of geography, architecture, and urban planning. We used bibliometric methods and statistical software to review 180 articles on human settlement in 16 Chinese geographical journals. We found that Chinese geographical human settlement research is characterized by the following:(1) Most research focuses on human settlement extension, valuation indicators, models for urban and rural settlements, theoretical exploration and the planning practices of single-factor, human settlement and complex, geographical livability in macro-scale, urban settlement differentiation and ideal patterns in medium scale, the comprehensive evaluation of settlement environment, and the planning of community units in micro-scale, community settlements; socio-cultural investigation and warnings about advancing human settlement.(2) No progress has been made in synthesizing and integrating method systems. PSR models and DPSIR models are used for targeting mechanisms, while the standard settlement evaluation system was composed of physical economic indicators by questionnaire surveys. On the other hand, spatial clustering based on GIS has been a frequent focus in recent years. Pioneering research on human settlement and theoretical systems within the context of China's urbanization and industrialization will provide guidance on the sustainability of Chinese cities and regions. The following five aspects require greater attention:(1) Natural suitability research on human settlement, and a survey of human settlement demands to reflect the range of different demands concerning ecologically suitable settlements in urban environments, the corresponding valuation indicators, systems, and evolution, and the impact of the residents' socio-economic attributes.(2) Spatial-temporal evaluation and sustainability research on urban and rural human settlement at various scales, focusing on evolution and spatial differen-tiation at various scales such as city clusters and comparisons between cities, within the cities and communities.(3) Development of theory and technology for human settlement evolution research, including detection technology and methods, data mining measures, and forecasting and emulation of regional and urban human settlement evolution processes, mechanisms and patterns.(4) Research on the control of human settlement that focuses on optimization, patterns, and policies for effective management and development.(5) Estimating the human settlement system service value and establishing suitable human settlement systems, including social, economic, cultural and ecological service values. 相似文献