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1.
纳米镍/铁对四氯乙烯快速脱氯试验   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
实验室合成的纳米Ni/Fe(粒径20~60nm,比表面积为52. 61m2 /g),在固液比相对较低条件下(5. 4g/L),对四氯乙烯(PCE)能够快速并完全脱氯,在6h时,脱氯率为99. 70%,反应符合准一级反应动力学方程,标准化反应速率常数kSA为3. 04mL·m-2·h-1。反应过程中水样未检测到其他的氯代中间产物或最终产物,无毒的烃类乙烷(C2H6 )是主要产物,约占加入时PCE总碳质量的94% ~110%。试验结果说明加氢催化剂Ni的存在,通过原电池腐蚀作用提高了脱氯速率并同时增加了良性产物的产量(如CH )。  相似文献   

2.
氯代烃是地下水中最常检出的有机污染物之一,传统的处理方法需要很长时间与经费。近年来随着铁还原技术的发展,纳米铁和纳米双金属也是一个活跃的研究领域。本文利用批实验的研究方法以四氯乙烯(PCE)为目标污染物,研究纳米镍/铁在去除PCE过程中的影响因素。实验结果表明,暴露后的纳米Ni/Fe脱氯速率比不暴露时速率降低约4倍;反应温度是影响反应速率的一个重要因素之一,每升高10℃,反应速率常数kSA提高2~3倍;在一定范围内,Ni/Fe质量比越高,越利于脱氯反应的快速进行,当Ni/Fe的质量百分比为8%左右时,对氯代烃脱氯速率最快;反应液中的溶解…  相似文献   

3.
纳米镍/铁去除氯代烃影响因素的探讨   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
刘菲  黄园英  张国臣 《地学前缘》2006,13(1):150-154
氯代烃是地下水中最常检出的有机污染物之一,传统的处理方法去除率很低。近年来随着铁还原技术的发展,纳米铁和纳米双金属也成为一个活跃的研究领域。利用批实验的研究方法以四氯乙烯(PCE)和四氯化碳(CT)为目标污染物,研究纳米镍/铁在去除PCE过程中的影响因素。实验结果表明,在碱性条件下,纳米Ni/Fe对PCE脱氯速率比在酸性和中性条件下脱氯速率更快;纳米Ni/Fe对初始浓度为6·51mg/L的PCE溶液脱氯速率是对初始浓度为20·56mg/L的PCE溶液脱氯速率的1·8倍;对于氯代程度相同的CT和PCE,对CT的脱氯速率明显快于对PCE。  相似文献   

4.
为研究双金属催化剂去除有机污染物的效果,采用自制Fe/Ag催化剂对模拟苯酚废水进行了臭氧催化氧化处理。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面积分析仪(BET)和X射线衍射(XRD)对催化剂进行表征,并考察了催化剂类型、催化剂投加量和溶液初始pH值对降解效果的影响规律。结果表明:与Fe相比,Fe/Ag比表面积减少了22.8%,在Fe/Ag/O3与含苯酚废水的反应体系中,反应遵循臭氧直接作用和活性自由基(·OH、·O2、H2O2)共同作用的机理;Fe/Ag在反应过程中体现出良好的协同作用;300 mg/L的苯酚模拟废水在pH=6.3、Fe/Ag投加量为1.00 g的最优反应条件下经60 min反应,苯酚与化学需氧量(COD)去除率比单独臭氧氧化分别提高了18.4%和29.4%。  相似文献   

5.
氯代烃的污染治理已成为当今世界最热门的研究领域之一。以水体中最常见的氯代烃污染物1,1-二氯乙烯(1,1-DCE)、林丹(γ-HCH)为主要目标污染物,探讨了不同条件下负载型纳米Pd/Fe对氯代烃的去除效果。负载型纳米Pd/Fe采用浸渍→液相还原→还原沉淀的方法制备,透射电镜显示采用该方法制备的负载型金属钯和铁的平均粒径均在纳米级范围内。负载型纳米Pd/Fe具有较高的表面反应活性,当负载型纳米Pd/Fe 用量为40 g/L、反应时间达2 h时,1.1-二氯乙烯和林丹的去除率分别达到85%和100%。脱氯率与Pd/Fe投加量、钯含量、初始pH值、反应温度等因素有关,与溶液的初始浓度关系不大。负载型纳米Pd/Fe对11-DCE和γ-HCH去除均符合一级反应动力学方程,速率常数分别为0-528 3 h-1及2-012 9 h-1,反应的半衰期t1/2分别为1.31 h和0.34 h。推断在反应过程中,Fe腐蚀产生的H2为主要还原剂,Pd是良好的加氢催化剂,在金属颗粒表面形成高浓度反应相,使反应短时间内完成。  相似文献   

6.
利用Cu作为催化金属与微米铁制成双金属体系处理主要污染物为六六六(HCH)和滴滴涕(DDT)的某污染场地土壤,探讨了不同表面活性剂(鼠李糖脂与Triton X-100(TX-100))对微米Fe/Cu双金属体系降解土壤中有机氯农药的影响。结果表明:相对于空白和只添加零价铁与微米Fe/Cu的三组的稳定,添加了两种表面活性剂的Fe/Cu双金属体系,35 d后土壤氧化还原电位(ORP)随时间呈缓慢上升趋势,Fe/Cu+TX-100至55 d时ORP由–400 m V升高到–300 m V;除Fe/Cu+鼠李糖脂组外,0~25 d内各组土壤p H随时间逐渐升高,从初始的5.0左右提高到6.5~7.2;微米Fe/Cu对污染物的降解效果相比零价铁有提高,鼠李糖脂与TX-100的投加能强化微米Fe/Cu对土壤中HCH和DDT的降解,TX-100的增强效果更为显著。当Fe投加量5%,Cu负载1%,TX-100浓度5 mmo L/L,初始p H 4.5时,处理55d后,α-HCH、γ-HCH、P,P’-DDD和P,P’-DDT的降解去除率达到100%、92.2%、95.7%和85.4%,总污染物去除率为90.0%。  相似文献   

7.
黄园英  王倩  韩子金  刘菲 《岩矿测试》2015,34(3):346-352
纳米铁具有高的比表面积和高反应活性,能快速将氯代烯烃还原成无毒氯离子、乙烯和乙烷,但对于氯代烷烃的脱氯仍能产生大量的氯代中间或最终产物,可以通过合成制得纳米双金属提高脱氯速率和减少氯代中间产物。本文利用扫描电镜测得实验室制备的纳米Ni-Fe(2%,质量分数)颗粒直径为20~60 nm,通过批实验方式对纳米Ni-Fe降解四氯化碳的反应动力学性质、产物、持久性能和反应机理进行了探讨。结果表明,纳米Ni-Fe体系主要最终产物为42%CH4和17%CH2Cl2。与铸铁屑和纳米铁相比,纳米Ni-Fe由于催化脱氯加氢,显著提高了氯代烃脱氯速率,同时降低了有毒氯代产物的产量,且Ni作为催化剂不会进入水体引起二次污染。纳米Ni-Fe颗粒在空气中具有很好的稳定性,虽然降解四氯化碳的最终产物CH4与纳米Pd-Fe相比少13%,但由于价格便宜,有望在工程上应用于氯代有机化合物水土污染治理。  相似文献   

8.
纳米镍-铁去除四氯乙烯的影响因素   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
氯代烃是地下水中最常检出的有机污染物之一,传统的处理方法需要很长时间与大量经费。本文利用批实验的研究方法以四氯乙烯(PCE)为目标污染物,研究纳米镍铁在去除PCE过程中的影响因素。实验结果表明,暴露后的纳米镍铁脱氯速率比不暴露时速率降低约4倍;反应温度是影响反应速率的重要因素之一,每升高10℃,反应速率常数kSA提高2~3倍;在一定范围内,镍/铁质量比越高,越利于脱氯反应的快速进行,镍/铁的质量比为8%左右时,对氯代烃脱氯速率最快;反应液中的溶解氧不利于纳米颗粒对氯代烃的降解。  相似文献   

9.
系统考查了Fe(Ⅱ)分别与高岭石、蒙脱石结合的界面结合系统对邻硝基苯酚(简称2-NP)的还原转化作用。研究表明,矿物表面结合态Fe(Ⅱ)能够有效提高2-NP的还原转化速率,2-NP的还原反应符合伪一级反应动力学方程,而且速率常数(k)随溶液p H值、亚铁离子初始浓度以及反应温度的升高而显著增大。当温度25℃,p H值6. 7,Fe(Ⅱ)和2-NP初始浓度分别为3. 0 mmol/L、0. 022 mmol/L,以及黏土的投加量为4. 0 g/L时,Fe(Ⅱ)/高岭石系统对2-NP的还原转化率在4. 0 h内可达到100%。同样,p H值从6. 0升高至7. 3时,Fe(Ⅱ)/蒙脱石系统对2-NP的还原转化也显著增强;但在较低p H值和较低初始Fe(Ⅱ)浓度时,蒙脱石对Fe(Ⅱ)的还原催化性能不如高岭石,可归因于蒙脱石具有较高的离子交换性能。因此,Fe(Ⅱ)在上述两种矿物上吸附形态的差异是导致该系统对2-NP还原转化出现不同效应的根本原因。  相似文献   

10.
与铁相关的几种渗透反应格栅材料性能的比较   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刘菲  黄园英  何小娟 《地学前缘》2005,12(Z1):170-175
挥发性氯代有机化合物为地下水和饮用水中最常见的挥发性有机污染之一。文中对日益引人注意的渗透反应格栅(PRB:permeable reactive barrier)材料进行了研究。主要在实验室条件下,利用中国现有的实用性材料———铸铁的铁屑、实验室合成双金属和纳米双金属作为反应介质,对反应的脱氯效果和机理、还原性脱氯的反应动力学和影响因素进行初步的研究,以寻求一种可以大量得到的廉价而高效的材料,研究它对氯代烃的降解效率。在研究中选择最有代表性的CT和PCE作为目标污染物,讨论粒状铁、双金属以及纳米双金属对氯代有机物的降解速率,确定气相色谱法测定水溶液中的氯代有机物浓度的最佳实验条件,比较3 类反应介质的特点和应用范围。  相似文献   

11.
Chlorinated hydrocarbons are widely detected in groundwater, but conventional removal methodologies are not time-and-cost effective. With the development of iron reducing technology in recent years, research on nano-iron and nano-bimetal has become a hot spot. The paper presents the results of impact factors on perchloroethylene (PCE) removal by nano-Ni/Fe method. The data show that the reaction rate of unexposed nano-Ni/Fe is 4 times higher than exposed one; and temperature is one of the important controlling factors. Reaction rate constant KSA increases by 2-3 times with every 10℃ increment of temperature. Within a specific range, higher Ni/Fe ratio favors dechlorination process. When the Ni/Fe is 8%, the dechlorination process reaches the highest rate. Dissoved oxygen in the solution does not favor the degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons.  相似文献   

12.
零价铁(Fe0) 被广泛用于地下水中硝酸盐原位与异位修复,但二价铁(Fe2+) 的存在对具有氧化膜的Fe0还原硝酸盐的作用效应仍有待研究。以100 目的未经酸化的颗粒状零价铁作为还原剂,采用室内批试验方法,研究了Fe2+在零价铁还原去除NO3-系统中的作用效应。实验结果表明,Fe2+可显著提高Fe0对于NO3-的去除速率与去除效率,且Fe2+浓度越高,去除速率与效率越高;由于未经酸化的Fe0具有氧化膜,反应初期的NO3-还原速率较慢。Fe2+将零价铁表面的Fe2O3氧化膜转化为Fe3O4,加速电子由Fe0向NO3-的转移,促进NO3-还原。此外,在反应系统中加入Fe3O4,可进一步提高Fe0对于硝酸盐的去除能力,若Fe2+不存在,仅添加Fe3O4,NO3-的去除效率没有提高。  相似文献   

13.
富铁橄榄石的高温变形实验研究   总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1  
利用高精度Paterson气体介质变形装置对(Mg0.5,Fe0.5)2SiO4和(Mg0.7,Fe0.3)2SiO4橄榄石集合体进行了高温三轴压缩变形试验。首先用人工合成了纯铁橄榄石Fe2SiO4,然后用合成的纯铁橄榄石与天然圣卡罗橄榄石按一定比例混合烧结合成了含铁量分别为50%和30%的富铁橄榄石集合体Fo50和Fo70。三轴压缩蠕变变形试验在温度1223-1473 K和围压 300 MPa的条件下进行,差应力为10-300 MPa,应变率为10-7-10-4s-1,每个试件的最大变形量为20%.利用三维非线性方法对蠕变数据进行拟合,得出的流动律中,Fo50应力指数为4.1,活化能为499kJ/mol;Fo70应力指数为4.3,活化能为510kJ/ mol。将实验结果与Fo90圣卡罗橄榄石集合体的强度进行对比,发现含铁量的增加使橄榄石的强度明显下降,Fo50橄榄石集合体比Fo70的粘性低一个量级,Fo70比Fo90的粘性低一个量级。从而得到了含铁量对橄榄石的粘性(强度)影响的初步试验结果。  相似文献   

14.
Pyrite samples synthesized with As, Co, or Ni impurities and without added impurities were oxidized in batch and mixed flow-through reactors in the presence of 1 mM ferric iron, at pH 2. Six samples from each dopant population were used to provide a statistically robust comparison; two natural samples from Leadville, CO (major impurities Pb, As, Bi, Ag, Zn) and Elba, Italy (Co, As) were also included. In each experiment, three reaction progress variables were monitored: ferric iron, ferrous iron, and sulfate. The pyrite samples with impurities have average oxidation rates that are faster than the undoped samples, with As- and Co-doped pyrite having the highest rates. As, Co, and Ni were released to solution in accordance with their concentrations in the solid samples. As concentrations in the batch reactor experiments tended to remain constant, in contrast to Co and Ni, which increased over time. Initial rates, calculated from the batch reactor experiments, were faster than the steady-state rates calculated from the mixed flow-through reactor experiments. Apparent rates calculated using sulfate were faster than apparent rates calculated using ferric and ferrous iron, reflecting oxidation of ferrous iron in solution by dissolved oxygen. The results imply that impurities in pyrite do contribute to its reactivity, in agreement with studies using electrochemical methods. Oxidation rate differences among pyrite samples with different impurities are probably too small to warrant explicit consideration in environmental modeling applications, but are important to understanding pyrite oxidation mechanisms and semiconducting properties.  相似文献   

15.
本文研究了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定高纯硝酸钡中超痕量重金属元素的分析技术。提出在大量钡基体存在时,采用小体积萃取体系APDC-MIBK同时萃取纳克级的Fe、Cu、Co和Ni。该法具有灵敏度高、无干扰、操作方便和减少沾污等特点。方法检出限为:Fe 7.2ng/g、Cu 12.8ng/g、Co 4.4ng/g和Ni 6.7ng/g。应用于红外光纤原料硝酸钡、硝酸铝中痕量重金属的测定,效果良好。  相似文献   

16.
Cindery, glassy impactites from the Monturaqui meteorite crater contain unshocked and shocked mineral and rock fragments together with Ni-Fe-Co-P spherules tightly bound in a partly devitrified matrix of clear, green or brown glass. Shock effects range from lightly shocked (100 kb) to intensely shocked (650 kb).Electron microprobe analyses of the metal spherules show that composition is related to grain size, the smallest (2–10 ) spherules being highest in Ni, the largest spherules (0.4 to 1.5 mm) being lowest in Ni. The lowest Ni content of analyzed spherules is 7.8 wt %, which suggests that the original meteorite may have been an octahedrite. Analysis of the mixed matrix glasses indicates extreme compositional differences compared to granite country rock.A series of high-temperature heating experiments, using various heating and cooling rates and atmospheric conditions were conducted to simulate the effects observed in the impactites. Results suggest that (a) higher Ni content in smaller spherules resulted from residual concentration after preferential melting at temperatures greater than 1400° C and oxidation of Fe; and (b) mixed matrix glasses that are low in SiO2 and high in FeO resulted from preferential melting of lower melting components of the granite at temperatures greater than 1300° C under rapid heating and cooling conditions, together with contamination by Fe, Ni and Co from the meteorite. In addition, Fe enrichment in glasses that surround the larger spherules depends essentially on the amount of oxidation prior to and during incorporation of the spherules into the glass matrix.  相似文献   

17.
Isotope ratios of heavy elements vary on the 1/10000 level in high temperature materials, providing a fingerprint of the processes behind their origin. Ensuring that the measured isotope ratio is precise and accurate depends on employing an efficient chemical purification technique and optimised analytical protocols. Exploiting the disparate speciation of Cu, Fe and Zn in HCl and HNO3, an anion exchange chromatography procedure using AG1‐×8 (200–400 mesh) and 0.4 × 7 cm Teflon columns was developed to separate them from each other and matrix elements in felsic rocks, basalts, peridotites and meteorites. It required only one pass through the resin to produce a quantitative and pure isolate, minimising preparation time, reagent consumption and total analytical blanks. A ThermoFinnigan Neptune Plus MC‐ICP‐MS with calibrator‐sample bracketing and an external element spike was used to correct for mass bias. Nickel was the external element in Cu and Fe measurements, while Cu corrected Zn isotopes. These corrections were made assuming that the mass bias for the spike and analyte element was identical, and it is shown that this did not introduce any artificial bias. Measurement reproducibilities were ± 0.03‰, ± 0.04‰ and ± 0.06‰ (2s) for δ57Fe, δ65Cu and δ66Zn, respectively.  相似文献   

18.
ICP-AES法同时测定红土型镍矿中镍、钴、铁、镁研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过选择分析谱线、处理样品方法和消除干扰因素等实验,建立ICP-AES法同时测定红土型镍矿中镍、钴、铁、镁4种元素的方法,解决利用常规化学法测定步骤繁琐,分析周期长,工作量大等问题,方法回收率为99.2%-105%,精密度(RSDn=10)为0.42%-3.89%。  相似文献   

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