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1.
1950s以来洞庭湖调蓄特征及变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对洞庭湖区淤积、围垦和江湖关系变化对湖泊调蓄功能的影响,根据洞庭湖调蓄属于典型复合洪水波的实际情况,提出利用离散小波分解和计算入、出湖径流过程方差的方法揭示1950s以来洞庭湖调蓄特征及其实际调蓄作用的多年变化.结果发现:洞庭湖削减的洪峰主要是32 d以下的中短尺度洪水波,其全年整体削峰系数在0.13~0.56之间;从入、出湖径流方差多年变化体现的调蓄效果看,洞庭湖区近几十年淤积围垦虽然极大地改变了湖区面积和容积,但并未使湖泊调蓄作用发生大的变化.结合洞庭湖削峰系数与城陵矶-螺山段水位落差的对应关系,认为在整个江湖系统关系中洞庭湖的调蓄能力是被动的,其变化主要取决于城陵矶以下河段过水能力对洞庭湖泄流的制约.从整个江湖关系下的洞庭湖调蓄变化特征看,1990s以来湖区"小水大灾"的原因之一是入湖径流过程的短尺度方差和削峰系数较大,本质上是由荆江裁弯和三峡运行导致的江湖关系变化引起的长江螺山段出流使出湖径流方差减小造成的. 相似文献
2.
《国际泥沙研究》2015,(3)
In this article,the shrinking of Dongting Lake and its progressively weakening connection with the Yangtze River and their impact on flooding before and after the implementation of the Three Gorges Project are analyzed.In recent decades,human activity combined with natural processes has altered the flow of the middle reach channel of the Yangtze River and interfered with its connection with Dongting Lake.This has resulted in progressively more frequent flooding in the area.This study uses hydrological data to analyze the annual maximum discharge and annual maximum stage development of the middle reach of the Yangtze River and Dongting Lake.In recent decades before the Three Gorges Project became operational in 2003,the annual maximum discharge and the maximum stage recorded in the middle reach of the river downstream of Dongting Lake had increased,a result of the weakening of the flood regulation function of Dongting Lake;the annual maximum stage at Luoshan station(downstream,close to the confluence of the Yangtze River and Dongting Lake) had risen by about 2.0 m during 1955-2005,(1.5 m attributed to annual maximum discharge and 0.5 m to river channel deposition).Observational data recorded after the Three Gorges Project was put into operation in 2003,it can be seen that deposition in the Dongting Lake has nearly ceased and the lake's connection with the Yangtze River is stable.It is evident that the flood regulation function of Dongting Lake will continue,and that during the lifetime of the Three Gorges Project,the flood situation in the middle reach of the Yangtze River and Dongting Lake will remain stable. 相似文献
3.
洞庭湖城陵矶水道水力几何形态的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据１９５１－１９８８年洞庭湖城陵矶站的水文测验资料,运用Ｌ．Ｂ．Ｌｅｏｐｏｌｄ河床力几何形态原理,建立洞庭湖出口－城陵矶水道河相关系式,研究该水道水力几何形态的特点及变化。研究表明,与河流水道相比,洞庭湖出口水道河宽指数ｂ随流量的变化较小,而水深指数ｆ及流速指数ｍ随流量的变化较大,河床横面具有窄深的特点。 相似文献
4.
三峡工程蓄水对洞庭湖水情的影响格局及其作用机制 总被引：13，自引：12，他引：1
三峡工程建成投入运行后,汛末蓄水将使坝下河湖水情发生变化,长江中下游秋季来水减少成为常态.为客观分析三峡蓄水对洞庭湖水情的影响分量、空间格局及其作用机制,选取三峡工程典型的蓄水过程,运用长江中游江湖耦合水动力学模型计算了因上游来水变化引起的洞庭湖水情时空变化.结果表明:1)三峡汛末蓄水对洞庭湖水位影响具有明显的"北高南低,东强西弱"的格局,即东洞庭湖最为显著、南洞庭湖东部和西洞庭湖北部次之,南洞庭湖西部和西洞庭湖南部最小.2)洲滩湿地受蓄水影响最明显的主要为东洞庭湖、南洞庭湖和湖泊洪道两侧的条带状洲滩.3)三峡蓄水对洞庭湖水位的影响机制有二:长江干流水位快速消落加速湖泊水体下泄以及削减长江三口分流补给湖泊的水量. 相似文献
5.
长江干流与洞庭湖存在复杂的并联型分汇关系,当三峡水库调度改变长江径流过程时,会引起洞庭湖年内槽蓄量的变化,对于洞庭湖地区防洪、水资源配置和水环境保护产生显著的影响.本文建立了枝城至螺山站的荆江-洞庭湖水流模型,利用2008-2017年的三峡水库实际调度日数据,分析有、无三峡水库调度两种情况下洞庭湖槽蓄量的变化过程,同时利用建库前和近期的水位流量关系反映河道过流能力,分析了河道调整的影响.结果表明:由河道调整引起的槽蓄量变化在汛前消落期、汛期、汛末蓄水期和枯水期分别为-3.06%、0.12%、-0.01%和-13.31%.有三峡水库影响情况下,汛前消落期由于荆江"三口"进入洞庭湖的多年平均总径流增加23.94%,洞庭湖出口处城陵矶多年平均水位升高0.53 m,阻碍了洞庭湖出流,洞庭湖多年平均槽蓄量增长13.30%;汛期由于荆江"三口"分流量减少3.54%,城陵矶水位降低0.02 m导致出湖流量增多,因此洞庭湖多年平均槽蓄量减少0.20%;在汛末蓄水期,荆江"三口"分入洞庭湖的多年平均总径流量减少37.18%,城陵矶多年平均水位降低1.33 m,导致出湖流量增多,因而洞庭湖多年平均槽蓄量减少27.74%;在枯水期,荆江"三口"多年平均总径流量增加5.61%,城陵矶多年平均水位上升0.07 m,最终洞庭湖多年平均枯期槽蓄量增加2.96%. 相似文献
6.
三峡工程运行前后洞庭湖水质变化分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了解三峡工程运行前后洞庭湖水质变化,基于1996 2013年洞庭湖水质监测数据,采用内梅罗污染指数(IP)法对三峡工程运行前后洞庭湖水质进行评价,并对洞庭湖水质与主要污染物的时空变化特征进行分析.结果表明,1996 2013年洞庭湖IP值在1.10~2.20之间,平均值为1.63,水质属轻污染~污染,总体变化平稳,但从2010年起,洞庭湖IP值连续低于其多年平均值,总体水质趋好;主要污染物为总磷和总氮,总磷浓度变化平稳,总氮浓度则呈显著上升趋势.与三峡工程运行前相比,三峡工程运行后洞庭湖全年和汛期总氮浓度以及南洞庭湖IP值和总氮浓度显著升高,南洞庭湖水质显著恶化.洞庭湖IP值和总磷浓度的水期分布格局均由三峡工程运行前的汛期非汛期变化为三峡工程运行后的非汛期汛期,其空间分布格局均由三峡工程运行前的西洞庭湖东洞庭湖南洞庭湖变化为三峡工程运行后的西洞庭湖南洞庭湖东洞庭湖;从2010年起,洞庭湖IP值的空间分布格局发生新的变化,其大小顺序变化为东洞庭湖南洞庭湖西洞庭湖.三峡工程运行前后洞庭湖IP值与总磷浓度的时空变化与其水沙条件变化有关,总氮浓度的空间分布受三峡工程运行影响较小,主要受湘江、资水等"四水"流域氮污染的影响. 相似文献
7.
洞庭湖近几十年来湖盆变化及冲淤特征 总被引：24，自引：5，他引：19
洞庭湖是我国著名的五大淡水湖泊之一,位于长江中游荆江段南岸,湖南省境内.历史时期,曾经是我国第一大淡水湖,直至新中国成立初期,湖泊面积仍然有4350km2,居我国淡水湖泊之首位.但由于洞庭湖承纳“四水”,吞吐长江,长江大量水沙涌入洞庭湖,造成了湖盆迅速淤高,加之由此诱发的人类大规模地湖泊垦殖活动,湖泊急剧萎缩.目前,洞庭湖已退居鄱阳湖之后,为我国第二大淡水湖泊.湖泊的严重泥沙淤积,已经造成了湖泊调蓄长江中游洪水功能的严重衰退,不但危及湖南省的防洪的安全,而且危及长江中下游地区的防洪安全,研究洞庭湖的湖盆冲淤演变具有重要意义.本文根据1974、1988和1998年洞庭湖125000水下地形资料,并针对洞庭湖具有显著上下游水位落差的实际,分不同高程和不同水位情况下,分析洞庭湖湖泊面积和容积演变特征,探讨洞庭湖近几十年来的湖盆变化及冲淤规律,试图揭示洞庭湖湖泊调蓄能力的变化过程. 相似文献
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泥沙问题是三峡工程建设与运行中的关键技术问题之一,只有妥善处理好泥沙问题,才能保证三峡工程长期有效使用,维持水库功能的全面发挥。本文首先结合实测水文、河道地形观测资料,对三峡水库运行近20年来的泥沙淤积特性及水库排沙比进行了较为全面的分析研究,并与已有研究成果进行了对比;其次,围绕防洪、航运以及坝前段的泥沙淤积等方面,进一步分析了水库淤积产生的影响。结果表明:三峡水库蓄水以来,在不考虑区间来沙的情况下,三峡水库共淤积泥沙20.484亿t,近似年均淤积1.102亿t,水库排沙比为23.6%,水库年均淤积量为原论证预测值的33%。其中,库区干流段累计淤积泥沙17.835亿m3(变动回水区冲刷0.694亿m3;常年回水区淤积18.529亿m3),淤积在水库防洪库容内的泥沙为1.648亿m3(干、支流分别淤积1.517亿m3和0.131亿m3),占水库防洪库容的0.74%,“十一五”攻关阶段研究得出的多年平均淤积量及排沙比较实测值均偏大,变动回水区冲淤则出现反向的... 相似文献
9.
水利工程兴建后洞庭湖径流与泥沙的变化 总被引：12，自引：6，他引：6
本文根据1951—1988年洞庭湖及其入湖河流的水文泥沙资料,研究大型水利工程兴建后洞庭湖径流与泥沙的变化。研究表明,近40年来洞庭湖的径流量减少了29.2％,输沙量减少了48.7％。引起水沙变化的主要原因是荆江四口分流河床的淤积,使荆江入湖的径流量与输沙量减少。1966—1972年下荆江三个弯道裁弯取直,使荆江河床下切,导致荆江及其分流水位的下降,也促使荆江分流的流量与输沙量的减少。40年来洞庭湖水流变化的趋势对洞庭湖、江汉平原与长江中下游的防洪较为有利。 相似文献
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湖泊沉积物储存着长时期的流域环境信息,是百年尺度湖泊环境演变研究的高分辨率记录器。本文通过210Pbex、137Cs组合定年法,分析放射性核素剖面特征,研究沉积速率时空变化规律,并解析沉积物粒度指示的环境信息,揭示百年尺度湖泊沉积环境演变。结果表明:洞庭湖210 Pbex剖面分布呈现多段衰变型、混合—衰变—平衡型、衰变—本底型和无沉积型4种类型。3大湖体200 cm的沉积深度对应的年代跨度为127～162年,构建了洞庭湖沉积物深度—年代关系。洞庭湖平均质量沉积速率为1.47～3.11 g/(cm2·a),整体上呈现南洞庭湖>西洞庭湖>东洞庭湖的空间特征;自1900年后,质量沉积速率增加了3～7倍,呈时序增加趋势。沉积年代上,沉积物粒度特征表明洞庭湖沉积环境呈3个阶段2个过渡期的演变特征,与同时期区域内毁林开荒、水利建设、植树造林等人为活动有较好的对应关系,说明近百年来人为活动是洞庭湖泥沙沉积的重要因素。本研究结果可为强化湖泊及其流域生态环境保护... 相似文献
12.
《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1)
Abstract Abstract MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a new generation remote sensing (RS) sensor and its applications in hydrology and water resources have attracted much attention. To overcome the problems of slow response in flood disaster monitoring based on traditional RS techniques in China, the Flood Disaster Monitoring and Assessing System (FDMAS), based on MODIS and a Geographic Information System (GIS), was designed and applied to Dongting Lake, Hunan Province, China. The storage curve of Dongting Lake for 1995 was obtained using 1:10 000 topographic map data and then a relationship between water level at the Chenglingji hydrological station and lake area was derived. A new relationship between water level and lake area was obtained by processing MODIS images of Dongting Lake from April 2002 to April 2003 and the influence of lake area variation on water level was analysed with the 1996 flood data. It was found that the water level reduction reached 0.64 m for the 1996 flood if the original lake area curve was replaced with the area curve of 2002. This illustrates that the flood water level has been considerably reduced as a result of the increased area of Dongting Lake since the Chinese Central Government’s ?return land to lake? policy took effect in 1998. 相似文献
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Since a river system is a unidirectional network, the upstream influencing factors often interfere with those downstream. We quantify the effects of the TGD on the sediment exchange processes between the Yangtze River and Dongting Lake. Based on yearly sediment load data from 1981 to 2008, two multi-layer perceptron (MLP) models were constructed to predict the potential sedimentation in Dongting Lake without implementation of the TGD. The sediment discharge at Yichang station decreased from 622.5 to 61.1 Mt/year between 1981–1985 and 2003–2008, while the sedimentation in Dongting Lake reduced from 127.3 to 6.6 Mt/year. The MLP models indicate that only 27.9% of the decreased sediment load at Yichang station and 16.9% of that in Dongting Lake is caused by the TGD, while the rest is caused mostly by other upstream climate variations and anthropogenic impacts.
EDITOR A. Castellarin; ASSOCIATE EDITORN. Ilich 相似文献
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The annual changes of sediment deposition-scour on the riverbed in the Sanhuhekou-Toudaoguai Reach of the upper Yellow River during the years 1952-2010 were investigated based on runoff and sediment transport observations from the Sanhuhekou and Toudaoguai hydrological stations. Multiple influencing factors such as reservoir operations, tributary inflows, as well as runoff and sediment loads from the Shidakongdui area were analyzed. The results show that even though the sediment loads from the major sources, the Shidakongdui area as well as the upstream tributaries such as the Qingshui River and the Zuli River have reduced especially since the 2000 s as a result of enhanced water-soil conservation measures and improvement of vegetation cover, the study reach was still generally in a status of cumulative aggradation. This is mainly due to the joint operations of the Liujiaxia Reservoir and the Longyangxia Reservoir, which significantly reduced the annual runoff and sediment loads at the Sanhuhekou Crosssection. The reservoirs also remarkably altered the summer flood characteristics of the study reach, inducing the shape of the annual flow curve changing from a 'single-peak' into a 'doublepeak'. These alternations sharply decreased the sediment transport capacity of flooding in the summer flood season which yields more than 90% of the sediment loads, leading to an unbalanced relation between the water and sediment. In addition, the estimated incoming sediment coefficient of the Sanhuhekou Crosssection ranged from 0.003 to 0.014 kg s/m~6, of which 0.004 kg s/m~6 was suggested as a rough critical value to determine the scour or deposition status of the study reach. 相似文献
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CHEN Jingliang The Northwest Institute of Hydraulic Research ZHAO Keyu The Northwest Institute of Hydraulic Research 《国际泥沙研究》1992,(3)
In order to preserve the storage capacity of the Nanqin Reservoir for long-term service, several remedial measures have been worked out: (a) measures to control the upstream extension of backwater deposits and to prevent gravel bed load from entering into the reservoir, so that no armour layer will be formed; (b) sediment sluicing by density current to reduce deposits of suspended load; (c) periodical sediment flushing by emptying reservoir to restore the effective storage capacity. In addition, conceptions of flood plain elevation in reservoir, storage volume required in the routing of turbid flow (density flow), the storage capacity that can be restored after being lost by deposition, and the storage volume for sediment regulation are also discussed. 相似文献
18.
极端干旱事件中洞庭湖水面变化过程及成因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
干旱是洞庭湖区长期以来面临的严重自然灾害之一,给周边人们的生产生活造成了极大的影响.针对2006和2011年洞庭湖区发生的极端干旱事件,借助遥感影像大范围、时空连续的优势,结合湖区水文气象等观测资料,从时空两方面阐释了洞庭湖在典型干旱年份水域分布及变化过程,进一步从温度、降水、径流以及蓄水量等方面对比分析不同干旱事件发生、发展过程的一致性和差异性.研究结果表明:2006年干旱大致从7月开始,至12月结束.水面淹没范围由湖心向周边扩展,到7月达到最大值,8月提前进入枯水期,减小范围主要集中在东洞庭湖外围和南洞庭湖的北边.2006年干旱属于由入湖径流减少主导的水文干旱事件;2011年的干旱则从4月开始,至11月结束,在9月以后干旱继续加重.水面淹没范围在6月急剧增大且一直到8月都维持在较高的水平,涨水期水面由中心向四周淹没,退水期水面变化范围与涨水期相反.2011年干旱是由流域降水减少引起的水文和气象干旱事件.研究结果揭示了洞庭湖区干旱成因的多样性和复杂性,对于制定科学合理的干旱灾害防范措施,减缓区域的生态环境问题等具有一定的指导和借鉴意义. 相似文献
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Xiaoya Tang Sichen Tong Guoxian Huang Guangxiang Xu Xinghua Li Kun Lei Shiming Yao 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(2):177-189
Construction of large dams is attractive because of their great benefits in flood control,hydropower generation,water resources utilization,navigation improvement,etc.However,dam construction may bring some negative impacts on sediment transport and channel dynamics adjustments.Due to the effects of recent water and soil conservation projects,sediment retention in the newly constructed large upstream reservoirs,and other factors,the sedimentation in the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)is quite different from the amount previously predicted in the demonstration stage.Consequently,based on the measured data,characteristics of sedimentation and the related channel deformation in the TGR were analyzed.The results imply that sediment transport tended to be reduced after the Three Gorges Project(TGP).Sedimentation slowed dramatically after 2013 and indicated obvious seasonal characteristics.Due to the rising water level in the TGR in the flood season,the yearly sediment export ratio(Eratio)was prone to decrease.The water level near the dam site should be reasonably regulated according to the flow discharge to improve the sediment delivery capacity and reduce sedimentation in the TGR,and to try to avoid situations where the flood retention time is close to 444 h.The depositional belt was discontinuous in the TGR and was mainly distributed in the broad reaches,and only slight erosion or deposition occurred in the gorge reaches.Sedimentation in the broad and gorge reaches accounted for 93.8% and 6.2% of the total sedimentation,respectively.The estuarine reach located in the fluctuating backwater area experienced alternate erosion-deposition,with a slight accumulative deposition in the curved reach.Sedimentation mainly occurred in the perennial backwater area.The insight gained in this study can be conducive to directly understanding of large reservoir sedimentation and mechanism of channel adjustment in the reservoir region in the main channel of large river. 相似文献
20.
洞庭湖湖区水质时空演化(1983-2004年) 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
根据洞庭湖湖区的1983-2004年的水质监测数据,参照GB3838-2002中Ⅲ类水质标准,运用内梅罗水污染指数法进行水质评价,分析了洞庭湖湖区22年来的水质时空变化.结果表明:洞庭湖湖区水质污染在时间上呈有升有降的波动变化.洞庭湖湖区丰水期和洪水期的水质较差,但是从2002年以后,丰水期的水质逐渐好于平水期.污染空间变化表现为入湖河道的污染程度高于湖体,湖体污染呈西洞庭湖的污染较为严重,南洞庭湖其次,东洞庭湖的水质仍较好的格局. 相似文献