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基于湿地生态水文研究文献计量分析,透视国内外有关湿地水文、生态水文和水资源等领域的重大研究计划和重要学术会议,系统总结了湿地生态水文学发展历程,可分为萌芽起步阶段（20世纪50年代至80年代）、研究探索阶段（20世纪90年代）和快速发展阶段（21世纪以后）3个阶段,列举了重要代表性研究成果,并重点阐述了湿地生态水文学研究进展;基于对国际湿地生态水文学发展历程、研究进展及热点的综合分析,未来湿地生态水文学研究主要向基于"多要素、多过程、多尺度"的湿地生态水文相互作用机理及耦合机制、气候变化对湿地生态水文的影响机理及适应性调控、湿地"水文-生态-社会"耦合系统互作机理及互馈机制和基于湿地生态需水与水文服务的流域水资源综合管理等方向发展。最后,以国家重大需求为导向,提出了未来中国湿地生态水文学优先发展方向及建议。 相似文献
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湿地是流域水循环和水量平衡的重要调节器,在维护流域水量平衡、减轻洪旱灾害和应对气候变化等方面发挥极其重要的作用。流域湿地水文调蓄功能是湿地生态水文学研究的重要内容,科学认识和理解流域湿地水文调蓄功能对流域湿地恢复保护、水资源综合管控与应对气候变化具有极其重要的意义。本文阐述了流域湿地水文调蓄功能的概念与内涵,剖析了流域湿地水文调蓄功能时空变异性、阈值性和多维性三大特征及其影响因素（包括湿地土壤特性、植被特征和初始水文条件等内在因素和流域特征、降雨特征、气候变化和人类活动等外在因素）,探讨了流域湿地不变情景下和变化情景下水文调蓄功能评估方法,并介绍了流域湿地水文调蓄功能定量评估模型与应用情况。最后,从学科发展和实践需求的视角提出了流域湿地水文调蓄功能未来亟需加强研究的重点方向。 相似文献
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洪泛湿地系统地表水与地下水转化研究进展综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
洪泛湿地地表水(SW)与地下水(GW)转化关系研究对综合管理湿地水资源具有重要的理论和实践意义。通过洪泛湿地SW-GW转化研究进展的综述,可深入了解国内外SW-GW转化研究的发展过程,有利于把握国际研究的主流趋势,系统掌握该方面研究的前沿手段。总结得出,洪泛湿地是我国诸多生态系统中特色突出的水文系统,其独特的水文变化及洪水脉冲的周期性扰动,使得SW-GW转化的动力学过程促进了洪泛湿地环境系统之间物质、能量和信息的传递与交换,驱动了湿地演变、物质元素循环和生物生长等生态功能的实现。分析认为,洪泛湿地的开放性和复杂性等特点决定了多学科交叉理论与方法成为SW-GW转化研究的流行手段和创新的基本思路。从学科发展趋势和应用需求的角度出发,应结合洪泛湿地多源数据信息与SW-GW耦合数值模型,深入揭示洪泛湿地SW-GW转化的动力学过程及对洪水脉冲变化的响应机制,这既是一个基础性工作,也是一个具有前瞻性的研究,将为湿地水资源、水环境等综合管理与调控提供科学依据,对诠释湿地生态效应内涵具有重要意义。 相似文献
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湿地是地球上有三大生态系统之一,是地球上一种重要的、独特的、多功能的生态系统,它在全球生态平衡中扮演着极为重要的角色,具有不可替代的生态功能,有着"地球之肾"的美誉,但是近些年随着气候变化,以及人类活动的叠加作用,湿地这个珍贵的生态系统逐步被一点点改变,尤其是水循环过程受到破坏,结果造成水资源急剧缺失、湿地面积大量减少、生态功能明显退化等一些自然问题。通过研究分析气候变化对湿地水文水资源的影响,了解两者之间的作用关系及影响机制,从而找到应对气候变化引起的湿地水文水资源破坏的适应性对策,为保护湿地提供一定的理论支持。 相似文献
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莱州湾南岸滨海湿地作为环渤海滨海湿地的一部分,具有海洋与河口交互性、海陆过渡性和生态脆弱性等特点,湿地面积广阔、资源丰富,是东北亚环西太平洋鸟类迁徙的重要“中转站”及越冬、栖息和繁殖地。湿地总面积为1150．079km^2,湿地维管束植物区系包括维管束植物53科144属217种。近年来,在对滨海湿地的开发中,虾池、盐田等人工湿地面积不断扩大,造成自然湿地面积减小、植被退化、地貌和水文条件改变、生物多样性下降,改变了原始的滨海湿地自然景观,破坏了珍稀鸟类的生存环境。 相似文献
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云南断陷盆地岩溶湿地众多,是云南高原生态系统的重要组成部分,但因各种原因,造成湖泊淤积、水面面积缩小以至消亡,滇东地区的湖泊退化较为明显,近30年内有20多个天然湖泊过早消亡。文章开展滇东岩溶断陷盆地内具有代表性的通海湖泊退化型（杞麓湖湿地）、泸西地下水聚积型（黄草州湿地）、宣威地下河淤塞型（格宜串珠状湿地）三种类型典型岩溶湿地研究,主要研究湿地的成因类型及特征、湿地“三场”（径流场、水化学场、温度场）特征,分析岩溶断陷盆地内天然形成的湿地地质条件、水文地质条件、水环境影响因素及定量评价水环境质,以及岩溶湿地自然及人为影响因素、影响形式、作用强度、效应和水源减小、污染加剧、水质下降、湿地萎缩等及其生态环境问题。研究结果表明,通海湖泊退化型（杞麓湖湿地）受人为和自然因素影响较大,水质水量是其退化的主要原因;泸西地下水聚积型（黄草州湿地）受湿地内地下补给、净化、修复,水质总体较好;宣威地下河淤塞型（格宜串珠状湿地）受区域地下水水位变化影响,地下水总体丰富。文章研究成果为岩溶断陷盆地湿地的保护、科学研究、利用、生态修复提供地质依据。 相似文献
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基于1950-2005年的水文和气象数据及1986、1996和2001年黄河三角洲遥感影像解译数据,运用回归分析和主成分分析方法探究主要湿地景观格局演变与水文气象要素之间的定量关系,建立了湿地景观面积与水文、气候要素之间的回归模型,结果表明,进入黄河三角洲的河流径流量200亿~300亿m3、输沙量5亿~8亿t是维持湿地景观格局稳定最适宜的径流和泥沙过程;河流径流量和输沙量是影响黄河三角洲湿地格局演变的主要分异因素,并与湿地景观面积呈显著正相关关系。这些认识将有利于掌握黄河三角洲湿地的变化特性,对建立湿地退化预警机制和生态环境保护具有重要意义。 相似文献
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基于DPSIRM框架模型的高原湿地生态安全评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综合考虑高原湿地生态安全的资源、 环境、 生态、 社会、 经济等影响因素, 以驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应-管理（DPSIRM）框架模型建立高原湿地生态安全DPSIRM评价指标体系, 采用灰色关联法对各评价指标赋权重值, 运用集对分析法建立评价模型, 对威宁草海2011 - 2016年的湿地生态安全进行评价研究。结果显示： 人口自然增长率、 单位工业产值废水排放量、 生活污水排放量、 化肥施用强度、 农药施用强度、 人均水资源量、 物种多样性、 水土流失率、 物质生产、 湿地面积退化率、 污水处理率、 物质生活指数、 环保投资指数和政策法规实施力度等是影响威宁草海湿地生态安全的主要因素; 威宁草海湿地生态安全逐渐转好, 2011 - 2012年草海湿地生态安全属于不安全等级, 2013 - 2016年属于临界安全等级; 从各子系统情况看, 驱动力子系统为较安全等级, 压力、 状态、 影响、 响应和管理子系统均为临界安全等级, 响应子系统为不安全等级, 成为影响威宁草海湿地生态安全的重要系统。研究成果可为威宁草海湿地的生态安全和环境建设提供科学参考。 相似文献
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在RS/GIS技术的支持下,以1956年航片绘制的1∶10万地形图、1990年前后TM遥感图像及2000年前后ETM遥感图像为主要数据源,结合柴达木盆地8个气象测站温度、降水资料,研究了柴达木盆地湿地的分布特点、近50年来的面积变化和相关气候背景。研究结果表明: 柴达木盆地年均温度和降水总体呈上升趋势,而增温更为强烈,年均降水量微弱增加,1990～2000年为明显的暖干时期;柴达木盆地湿地在1956～2000年特别是1990～2000年间总体萎缩趋势严重,盆地边缘区和较大河流附近湿地呈现波动变化,区域气候变化和人类活动应为研究区内湿地变化的主要因素,盆地中西部湿地萎缩主要受到温度升高、人类活动加剧等因素影响,盆地边缘湿地面积少量增加主要受到降水量增加的影响。 相似文献
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Climate change is identified as a major threat to wetlands. Altered hydrology and rising temperature can change the biogeochemistry and function of a wetland to the degree that some important services might be turned into disservices. This means that they will, for example, no longer provide a water purification service and adversely they may start to decompose and release nutrients to the surface water. Moreover, a higher rate of decomposition than primary production (photosynthesis) may lead to a shift of their function from being a sink of carbon to a source. This review paper assesses the potential response of natural wetlands (peatlands) and constructed wetlands to climate change in terms of gas emission and nutrients release. In addition, the impact of key climatic factors such as temperature and water availability on wetlands has been reviewed. The authors identified the methodological gaps and weaknesses in the literature and then introduced a new framework for conducting a comprehensive mesocosm experiment to address the existing gaps in literature to support future climate change research on wetland ecosystems. In the future, higher temperatures resulting in drought might shift the role of both constructed wetland and peatland from a sink to a source of carbon. However, higher temperatures accompanied by more precipitation can promote photosynthesis to a degree that might exceed the respiration and maintain the carbon sink role of the wetland. There might be a critical water level at which the wetland can preserve most of its services. In order to find that level, a study of the key factors of climate change and their interactions using an appropriate experimental method is necessary. Some contradictory results of past experiments can be associated with different methodologies, designs, time periods, climates, and natural variability. Hence a long-term simulation of climate change for wetlands according to the proposed framework is recommended. This framework provides relatively more accurate and realistic simulations, valid comparative results, comprehensive understanding and supports coordination between researchers. This can help to find a sustainable management strategy for wetlands to be resilient to climate change. 相似文献
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Climate change is identified as a major threat to wetlands. Altered hydrology and rising temperature can change the biogeochemistry and function of a wetland to the degree that some important services might be turned into disservices. This means that they will, for example, no longer provide a water purification service and adversely they may start to decompose and release nutrients to the surface water. Moreover, a higher rate of decomposition than primary production (photosynthesis) may lead to a shift of their function from being a sink of carbon to a source. This review paper assesses the potential response of natural wetlands (peatlands) and constructed wetlands to climate change in terms of gas emission and nutrients release. In addition, the impact of key climatic factors such as temperature and water availability on wetlands has been reviewed. The authors identified the methodological gaps and weaknesses in the literature and then introduced a new framework for conducting a comprehensive mesocosm experiment to address the existing gaps in literature to support future climate change research on wetland ecosystems. In the future, higher temperatures resulting in drought might shift the role of both constructed wetland and peatland from a sink to a source of carbon. However, higher temperatures accompanied by more precipitation can promote photosynthesis to a degree that might exceed the respiration and maintain the carbon sink role of the wetland. There might be a critical water level at which the wetland can preserve most of its services. In order to find that level, a study of the key factors of climate change and their interactions using an appropriate experimental method is necessary. Some contradictory results of past experiments can be associated with different methodologies, designs, time periods, climates, and natural variability. Hence a long-term simulation of climate change for wetlands according to the proposed framework is recommended. This framework provides relatively more accurate and realistic simulations, valid comparative results, comprehensive understanding and supports coordination between researchers. This can help to find a sustainable management strategy for wetlands to be resilient to climate change. 相似文献
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Climate change is identified as a major threat to wetlands. Altered hydrology and rising temperature can change the biogeochemistry and function of a wetland to the degree that some important services might be turned into disservices. This means that they will, for example, no longer provide a water purification service and adversely they may start to decompose and release nutrients to the surface water. Moreover, a higher rate of decomposition than primary production (photosynthesis) may lead to a shift of their function from being a sink of carbon to a source. This review paper assesses the potential response of natural wetlands (peatlands) and constructed wetlands to climate change in terms of gas emission and nutrients release. In addition, the impact of key climatic factors such as temperature and water availability on wetlands has been reviewed. The authors identified the methodological gaps and weaknesses in the literature and then introduced a new framework for conducting a comprehensive mesocosm experiment to address the existing gaps in literature to support future climate change research on wetland ecosystems. In the future, higher temperatures resulting in drought might shift the role of both constructed wetland and peatland from a sink to a source of carbon. However, higher temperatures accompanied by more precipitation can promote photosynthesis to a degree that might exceed the respiration and maintain the carbon sink role of the wetland. There might be a critical water level at which the wetland can preserve most of its services. In order to find that level, a study of the key factors of climate change and their interactions using an appropriate experimental method is necessary. Some contradictory results of past experiments can be associated with different methodologies, designs, time periods, climates, and natural variability. Hence a long-term simulation of climate change for wetlands according to the proposed framework is recommended. This framework provides relatively more accurate and realistic simulations, valid comparative results, comprehensive understanding and supports coordination between researchers. This can help to find a sustainable management strategy for wetlands to be resilient to climate change. 相似文献
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Climate change is identified as a major threat to wetlands. Altered hydrology and rising temperature can change the biogeochemistry and function of a wetland to the degree that some important services might be turned into disservices. This means that they will, for example, no longer provide a water purification service and adversely they may start to decompose and release nutrients to the surface water. Moreover, a higher rate of decomposition than primary production (photosynthesis) may lead to a shift of their function from being a sink of carbon to a source. This review paper assesses the potential response of natural wetlands (peatlands) and constructed wetlands to climate change in terms of gas emission and nutrients release. In addition, the impact of key climatic factors such as temperature and water availability on wetlands has been reviewed. The authors identified the methodological gaps and weaknesses in the literature and then introduced a new framework for conducting a comprehensive mesocosm experiment to address the existing gaps in literature to support future climate change research on wetland ecosystems. In the future, higher temperatures resulting in drought might shift the role of both constructed wetland and peatland from a sink to a source of carbon. However, higher temperatures accompanied by more precipitation can promote photosynthesis to a degree that might exceed the respiration and maintain the carbon sink role of the wetland. There might be a critical water level at which the wetland can preserve most of its services. In order to find that level, a study of the key factors of climate change and their interactions using an appropriate experimental method is necessary. Some contradictory results of past experiments can be associated with different methodologies, designs, time periods, climates, and natural variability. Hence a long-term simulation of climate change for wetlands according to the proposed framework is recommended. This framework provides relatively more accurate and realistic simulations, valid comparative results, comprehensive understanding and supports coordination between researchers. This can help to find a sustainable management strategy for wetlands to be resilient to climate change. 相似文献
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Climate change is identified as a major threat to wetlands. Altered hydrology and rising temperature can change the biogeochemistry and function of a wetland to the degree that some important services might be turned into disservices. This means that they will, for example, no longer provide a water purification service and adversely they may start to decompose and release nutrients to the surface water. Moreover, a higher rate of decomposition than primary production (photosynthesis) may lead to a shift of their function from being a sink of carbon to a source. This review paper assesses the potential response of natural wetlands (peatlands) and constructed wetlands to climate change in terms of gas emission and nutrients release. In addition, the impact of key climatic factors such as temperature and water availability on wetlands has been reviewed. The authors identified the methodological gaps and weaknesses in the literature and then introduced a new framework for conducting a comprehensive mesocosm experiment to address the existing gaps in literature to support future climate change research on wetland ecosystems. In the future, higher temperatures resulting in drought might shift the role of both constructed wetland and peatland from a sink to a source of carbon. However, higher temperatures accompanied by more precipitation can promote photosynthesis to a degree that might exceed the respiration and maintain the carbon sink role of the wetland. There might be a critical water level at which the wetland can preserve most of its services. In order to find that level, a study of the key factors of climate change and their interactions using an appropriate experimental method is necessary. Some contradictory results of past experiments can be associated with different methodologies, designs, time periods, climates, and natural variability. Hence a long-term simulation of climate change for wetlands according to the proposed framework is recommended. This framework provides relatively more accurate and realistic simulations, valid comparative results, comprehensive understanding and supports coordination between researchers. This can help to find a sustainable management strategy for wetlands to be resilient to climate change. 相似文献
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Climate change is identified as a major threat to wetlands. Altered hydrology and rising temperature can change the biogeochemistry and function of a wetland to the degree that some important services might be turned into disservices. This means that they will, for example, no longer provide a water purification service and adversely they may start to decompose and release nutrients to the surface water. Moreover, a higher rate of decomposition than primary production (photosynthesis) may lead to a shift of their function from being a sink of carbon to a source. This review paper assesses the potential response of natural wetlands (peatlands) and constructed wetlands to climate change in terms of gas emission and nutrients release. In addition, the impact of key climatic factors such as temperature and water availability on wetlands has been reviewed. The authors identified the methodological gaps and weaknesses in the literature and then introduced a new framework for conducting a comprehensive mesocosm experiment to address the existing gaps in literature to support future climate change research on wetland ecosystems. In the future, higher temperatures resulting in drought might shift the role of both constructed wetland and peatland from a sink to a source of carbon. However, higher temperatures accompanied by more precipitation can promote photosynthesis to a degree that might exceed the respiration and maintain the carbon sink role of the wetland. There might be a critical water level at which the wetland can preserve most of its services. In order to find that level, a study of the key factors of climate change and their interactions using an appropriate experimental method is necessary. Some contradictory results of past experiments can be associated with different methodologies, designs, time periods, climates, and natural variability. Hence a long-term simulation of climate change for wetlands according to the proposed framework is recommended. This framework provides relatively more accurate and realistic simulations, valid comparative results, comprehensive understanding and supports coordination between researchers. This can help to find a sustainable management strategy for wetlands to be resilient to climate change. 相似文献