共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 134 毫秒
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【研究目的】中国作为世界上湿地类型最齐全的国家之一,湿地面积5360.26万hm2,位居世界第四,但近几十年来随着人口迅猛膨胀和经济快速发展,中国面临着湿地保护与经济发展的矛盾冲突,分析中国湿地资源与开发保护现状及其退化原因是研讨湿地管理对策的前提。【研究方法】本文在分析中国湿地资源特征及其开发保护现状的基础上,系统总结了中国湿地损失和退化的驱动因素,由此提出中国湿地管理建议。【研究结果】中国湿地资源丰富,其在发挥水质净化、蓄水防洪、气候调节等功能的同时,为地方经济发展和当地居民提供了丰富的资源保障,并由此发展了一系列具有良好经济效益和社会效益的利用模式。同时中国高度重视湿地保护,颁布和实施了一系列湿地保护政策和工程,湿地保护率达52.65%。然而在人类活动和气候变化双重影响下,中国湿地面积萎缩现象仍然普遍存在,且在湿地保护修复管理实践中仍存在许多科学问题需要解决。【结论】当前中国湿地损失和退化趋势依然严峻,为进一步加强湿地保护,必须强化地球系统多学科的综合研究,同时需考虑经济可行和社会需求问题的约束,从而制订一个能满足社会经济发展要求且生态科学合理的可持续管理方案。 相似文献
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东北地区湿地及其保护 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
中国东北地区湿地分布面积约1060.69×104hm2,约占东北地区陆地总面积的8.5%.在分析湿地的类型、分布规律及其所面临问题的基础上,阐述了湿地保护的紧迫性和必要性.指出水是湿地生态环境系统中的重要因子,保护湿地生态环境,首要是加强水资源环境的保护.提出了完善法规,保护湿地资源;开展湿地资源调查,加强综合研究;科学管理湿地,严把开发利用审批关;合理配置水资源,保护湿地生态环境;建立湿地保护和合理利用示范区;实行退牧还泽还草,退耕还沼还泽等保护对策与措施. 相似文献
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北京有史以来最严格的湿地保护管理制度——《北京市湿地保护条例》将于5月1日正式施行。条例共有46条,包括湿地资源的规划和建设、管理和利用、监督检查、保护措施以及法律责任等内容。据了解,《北京市湿地保护条例》是北京首次从立法角度来保护湿地,也是我国直辖市中出台的第一部湿地保护条例。 相似文献
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基于层次分析法的盘锦湿地生态评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据多年对盘锦湿地的调查研究,参照国内外湿地生态评价的指标和方法,选用反映湿地生态服务功能、生态保护功能和社会文化价值的12项指标,运用层次分析法对盘锦湿地进行生态评价.评价结果显示,盘锦湿地整体生态环境较好,其中均化洪水功能、调节气候功能、旅游观光价值、保护生物多样性、生态系统稳定性等功能,在决定湿地价值时起着重要作用.评价结果CEI值为0.7082,在（0.7,1]之间,表明盘锦湿地整体生态环境较好.针对盘锦湿地,地面沉降问题、地表土壤、植被的破坏、环境污染问题、地下水过量开采问题,提出了相应的对策,为湿地保护和开发利用提供参考. 相似文献
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湿地兼有水陆两类生态系统的某些特征,生态功能和社会经济价值显著,成为人类赖以生存和发展的自然资源宝库和生存环境。黄河三角洲湿地是中国暖温带地区最完整的、最年轻的湿地生态系统,该区湿地类型多样,湿地资源丰富。从湿地资源开发利用、保护和管理研究、湿地生物群落结构和生物多样性研究、湿地面积动态变化等方面概述该区湿地的研究现状,提出研究热点,探讨未来该地区湿地生态系统的研究趋势,体现在黄河三角洲湿地温室气体排放和全球环境变化、湿地水文学研究及湿地数字化研究。 相似文献
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湿地是人类赖以生存的宝贵资源,具有重要的生态和社会价值。但在城市化进程中,由于不合理的开发建设行为,导致大量湿地被破坏,功能退化。因此,必须落实科学发展观,采取切实措施,有效保护和利用城市湿地。要强化全社会的环保意识,增强保护湿地的责任感和使命感,科学地搞好城市土地利用规划及城市湿地景观设计,切实加强对城市湿地的监测评估及湿地保护的法制建设,推动经济社会全面协调可持续发展。 相似文献
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基于湿地生态水文研究文献计量分析,透视国内外有关湿地水文、生态水文和水资源等领域的重大研究计划和重要学术会议,系统总结了湿地生态水文学发展历程,可分为萌芽起步阶段（20世纪50年代至80年代）、研究探索阶段（20世纪90年代）和快速发展阶段（21世纪以后）3个阶段,列举了重要代表性研究成果,并重点阐述了湿地生态水文学研究进展;基于对国际湿地生态水文学发展历程、研究进展及热点的综合分析,未来湿地生态水文学研究主要向基于"多要素、多过程、多尺度"的湿地生态水文相互作用机理及耦合机制、气候变化对湿地生态水文的影响机理及适应性调控、湿地"水文-生态-社会"耦合系统互作机理及互馈机制和基于湿地生态需水与水文服务的流域水资源综合管理等方向发展。最后,以国家重大需求为导向,提出了未来中国湿地生态水文学优先发展方向及建议。 相似文献
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We analyse the potential impacts of sea-level rise on the management of saline coastal wetlands in the Hunter River estuary, NSW, Australia. We model two management options: leaving all floodgates open, facilitating retreat of mangrove and saltmarsh into low-lying coastal lands; and leaving floodgates closed. For both management options we modelled the potential extent of saline coastal wetland to 2100 under a low sea-level rise scenario (based on 5 % minima of SRES B1 emissions scenario) and a high sea-level rise scenario (based on 95 % maxima of SRES A1FI emissions scenario). In both instances we quantified the carbon burial benefits associated with those actions. Using a dynamic elevation model, which factored in the accretion and vertical elevation responses of mangrove and saltmarsh to rising sea levels, we projected the distribution of saline coastal wetlands, and estimated the volume of sediment and carbon burial across the estuary under each scenario. We found that the management of floodgates is the primary determinant of potential saline coastal wetland extent to 2100, with only 33 % of the potential wetland area remaining under the high sea-level rise scenario, with floodgates closed, and with a 127 % expansion of potential wetland extent with floodgates open and levees breached. Carbon burial was an additional benefit of accommodating landward retreat of wetlands, with an additional 280,000 tonnes of carbon buried under the high sea-level rise scenario with floodgates open (775,075 tonnes with floodgates open and 490,280 tonnes with floodgates closed). Nearly all of the Hunter Wetlands National Park, a Ramsar wetland, will be lost under the high sea-level rise scenario, while there is potential for expansion of the wetland area by 35 % under the low sea-level rise scenario, regardless of floodgate management. We recommend that National Parks, Reserves, Ramsar sites and other static conservation mechanisms employed to protect significant coastal wetlands must begin to employ dynamic buffers to accommodate sea-level rise change impacts, which will likely require land purchase or other agreements with private landholders. The costs of facilitating adaptation may be offset by carbon sequestration gains. 相似文献
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会仙湿地为中国最大的岩溶湿地,近半个世纪,由于人类不合理的开发利用,会仙湿地水域已严重萎缩,开展会仙湿地地下水动态和水均衡的研究,对维持湿地生态功能、湿地水资源管理和湿地保护等方面有极其重要的意义。根据会仙湿地的水文地质条件,将会仙湿地划分为两个地下水系统,即马面狮子岩地下河系统和睦洞河（湖）分散排泄系统,并分别分析了两个地下水系统的补给、径流、排泄特征和地下水动态特征,最后对两个地下水系统进行了地下水均衡计算。结果表明:会仙湿地水位波动受降雨影响明显,各监测点水位变幅不均且水位对降雨响应时间不一致。会仙湿地地下水系统的蓄存量为-6.19万m3,为负均衡,这与均衡期后期干旱有关;会仙湿地岩溶地下水主要补给来源为大气降水入渗,主要排泄方式为潜水径流和蒸发,其系统具有一定的储水调蓄功能,但调蓄能力有限。要长期维护会仙湿地的生态功能,应加强其调蓄能力,可从减少湿地蒸散发量和开采利用量入手,配合湿地生态环境恢复重建,提高水源涵养能力,使湿地水位维持在一个稳定的变化区间内。 相似文献
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Andres Marandi Enn Karro Maile Polikarpus Argo Jõeleht Marko Kohv Tiit Hang Helen Hiiemaa 《Hydrogeology Journal》2013,21(7):1581-1591
The water balance of wetlands plays an integral role in their function. Developments adjacent to wetlands can affect their water balance through impacts on groundwater flow and increased discharge in the area, and they can cause lowering of the wetland water table. A 430 km2 area was selected for groundwater modelling to asses the effect of underground mining on the water balance of wetlands in north-eastern Estonia. A nature conservation area (encompassing Selisoo bog) is within 3 km of an underground oil-shale mine. Two future mining scenarios with different areal extents of mining were modeled and compared to the present situation. Results show that the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the subsurface is of critical importance to potential wetland dewatering as a result of mining. Significant impact on the Selisoo bog water balance will be caused by the approaching mine but there will be only minor additional impacts from mining directly below the bog. The major impact will arise before that stage, when the underground mine extension reaches the border of the nature conservation area; since the restriction of activities in this area relates to the ground surface, the conservation area’s border is not sufficiently protective in relation to underground development. 相似文献
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Wetlands play an important role in water conservation, environmental protection, and biodiversity conservation. Remote sensing is an economical and efficient technique for wetland monitoring which can limit disturbance in sensitive areas and support wetland conservation. In this paper, we used three phases of Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (TM/ETM+) remote sensing images from October 1989, October 1999, and October 2009 to study wetlands in Xingzi County. The images were segmented using the object-oriented remote sensing image interpretation software eCognition Developer 8.64, then segmented images were classified by slope, digital elevation model (DEM) data, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Specific Leaf Area Vegetation Index (SLAVI), and Land and Water Masks (LWM) index to produce land type classification maps. Land use change information was obtained by analyzing the superposition of two classification maps of the wetland area from different years. The results showed that landscape patches in Xingzi County displayed fragmentation in their spatial distribution over time. Based on an index of changes in landscape patches, the fastest growing landscape type is grassland, while the fastest decreasing type is irrigated land. Dominant driving factors of changes in Xingzi County’s wetland landscape are population growth and policy changes. 相似文献
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干旱的河西走廊永昌县境内分布有弥足珍贵的刘克庄、焦家庄、北海子、圣容寺等4块面积达20.38 km2的湿地,均分布于西大河中游的永昌盆地。湿地的形成是地貌-构造所控制的水文地质条件及地表水、地下水（泉水）相互转化共同作用的结果。受20世纪以来气候变暖趋势及人类过度开发利用水资源的影响,西大河中游湿地面积呈逐步减少的萎缩状态,目前较大的泉眼仅有879个,近30年来湿地面积减少40%以上。加强西大河上游祁连山径流形成区和水资源涵养区的生态环境保护,减少出山地表水的引用量,控制中游地下水开采量及地下水位,是保护有限湿地资源的主要对策措施。 相似文献
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This article explores the various strategies rural households employ to sustain wetland use and conservation in the context of the restrictions imposed by the existing legal framework in Zimbabwe. Wetland cultivation is a common feature of the rural landscape and is mainly triggered by subsistence households endeavouring to stabilize their food security, especially in semi-arid and arid environments of the developing countries. Data was collected through a household questionnaire survey, key informant interviews, document review and direct observations. Quantitative data was analysed using ANOVA, Spearman Correlation Coefficient and Wilcoxon in Statistical Package for Social Scientists, whereas qualitative data was subjected to thematic analysis. The results revealed that most households adjacent to wetlands were food secure as wetland conditions enable the provision of a wide range of crops and natural products, contributing almost half of the food directly consumed and 48.2 % of average annual household total cash income. It was also observed that various soil and water conservation practices were adopted and local institutional arrangements were put in place to oversee their effective implementation. Thus, the general result has been increased wetland productivity, improved livelihoods and ecosystem protection. This has largely rendered the impact of legislation restricting wetland cultivation subtle in the local context. The study concluded that there is a need to promote participatory wetland management based on low-cost approaches sensitive to local conditions and the needs and practices of the local communities. 相似文献
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利用空间自相关模型,结合GIS技术,对别拉洪河流域不同尺度上湿地空间自相关的动态变化进行了研究。结果表明,自20世纪50年代至2000年,别拉洪河流域湿地面积逐渐减少,湿地全局空间自相关呈先增加后减小再增加的"N"字型趋势;别拉洪河流域湿地高-高自相关类型有逐渐减少并向流域下游扩张的趋势,而低-低自相关类型有逐渐增加并向流域上游扩张的趋势;湿地空间自相关表现出明显的尺度效应,随着研究尺度的增大湿地空间自相关性逐渐增强;别拉洪河流域湿地空间自相关的动态变化主要是由人类对湿地的开发造成的。 相似文献
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位于云贵高原面上宣威岩溶断陷盆地北东部的格宜镇,地貌类型为岩溶丘峰谷区,广泛分布碳酸盐岩地层,由于岩石建造和外地质应力的复杂性,在强烈的溶蚀作用下形成了多种多样的地貌形态,既有溶蚀形成的溶洞、洼地、谷地、落水洞等地表岩溶地貌,又有地下河管道等。通过水文地质学、岩溶学方法,对湖泊型串珠状湿地的构造、水文地质、岩溶发育特征进行研究,云贵高原面上串珠状岩溶湿地演化过程经历了地壳抬升期、南地壳稳定期、地壳再次抬升期三个阶段,在新构造运动作用下,由于地壳抬升,侵蚀基准下切等原因,岩溶管道在漫长的时间内垮塌、淤泥堵塞及岩溶发育的不均匀条件下了形成地表串珠状湿地。针对目前湿地面积的不断萎缩、减小问题,提出了具体的保护建议。 相似文献