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为保护三峡库区水环境,应对库区支流富营养化演变态势进行模拟预测.以受三峡水库蓄水影响显著的代表性支流大宁河为例,在考虑营养盐、气候条件(包括水温和光照)对藻类生长速率影响的基础上,针对三峡库区特点,着重研究水动力条件对藻类生长速率的影响规律,进行富营养化模型综合开发研究,并利用三峡水库蓄水后大宁河回水影响区河段实测资料进行模型验证计算.结果表明,该模型能较好地反映三峡水库蓄水后,库区支流水环境条件发生显著变化状态下藻类生长繁衍特点,能够用来进行三峡库区富营养化预测,也可为其他类似水域研究富营养化问题提供参考. 相似文献
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三峡库区龙门寨危岩体崩塌产生涌浪研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
长江两岸高耸的危岩体对航道、沿岸居民带来巨大安全隐患。大宁河属于长江一级支流,龙门寨危岩体位于大宁河上,距离巫山县城仅1 km。利用FLOW-3D软件,模拟了145 m、175 m两种水位工况下龙门寨危岩体崩塌产生涌浪过程和涌浪传播过程。模拟结果表明,涌浪在145 m水位工况下最大浪高约为17.9 m,175 m水位工况下最大浪高约为11.6 m;在巫山县的五个码头处,两种水位工况最大涌浪爬高分别约为10.9 m、3.8 m;根据涌浪高度,对大宁河进行危险分区,145 m水位工况下极高危险区长度约4.4 km,很高危险区长度约1.9 km;175 m水位工况下极高危险区长度约3.0 km,很高危险区长度约1.0 km。研究结果有助于防控龙门寨危岩体潜在涌浪灾害危害,保障大宁河航道和巫山县码头安全,同时也为三峡库区滑坡涌浪灾害提供了预警依据。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地南部二叠系山西组及下石盒子组盒8段沉积相 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
鄂尔多斯盆地南部指环县-延安-蒲县以南、西安以北地区，其山西组和下石盒子组盒8段是重要含气层。通过古水流方向、超稳定重矿物含量和长石含量分析以及古水系恢复，认为山西期和下石盒子期的鄂尔多斯盆地南部发育6个古水系，对应于6个长石含量分区和6个沉积相区。分别为石板沟-环县分区，平凉分区，淳化-耀县分区，韩城-澄城分区，大宁-Pu1井分区和华池-永宁分区。在此基础上重点分析了沉积相分布规律，认为山2期发育小型三角洲沉积，主要分布在西南部平凉、南部淳化-耀县和韩城-澄城一带； 山1期三角洲沉积分布范围比山2期明显扩大，北部延安-大宁发育三角洲前缘，湖泊相分布范围缩小。盒8期主要发育辫状河三角洲相，分布范围十分广泛，湖泊仅分布在镇原-环县-华池-正宁一带和大宁-Ji1井一线。实践证明有效地区分不同的古水系，有利于沉积相带展布规律的预测。 相似文献
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从沉积物组成变化看三峡水库蓄水对大宁河沉积环境的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对2006年10月采自长江重要支流大宁河中上游河底沉积物约42cm长的岩芯样品进行X射线衍射（XRD）、总碳（TC）和有机碳（TOC）分析。实验结果表明:（1）该研究时段内沉积物中主要的矿物类型是石英和方解石,总碳含量为33～57g／kg,有机碳含量为8～34g／kg;（2）沉积剖面中总碳和有机碳含量从10cm深的部位向岩芯顶部都发生了急剧的下降,沉积物颜色也在此处由灰色转为红褐色,这可能反映了三峡水库蓄水后,在较低的流速状态下,原来处于位置较高、含碳较低的褐红色粘土受水体淹没并被大量输入河流沉积物中,从而引起了泥沙沉积速率的迅速增加;（3）双龙沉积剖面中有机碳的变化结果还显示,在17～10cm深处沉积物有机碳含量大幅度增加,可能是本区域内该时段人类活动引起有机物质急剧输入到河流中的反映。 相似文献
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慕士塔格冰芯降水记录及其对冰川水资源的气候意义 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
2003年在东帕米尔慕士塔格冰川海拔7010 m处钻取了的一支长41.6 m的冰芯,从中恢复了1955年以来的积累量.结果表明:自20世纪70年代以来,冰川积累量持续减少,特别近年来积累量呈加速减小趋势;平均而言,20世纪90年代后期至2003年平均积累量只有20世纪60年代冰川积累量的一半.重建的慕士塔格地区冰川物质平衡近20 a来亏损严重,主要是由近年来慕士塔格高山区降水的减小和温度的升高共同作用引起的.对主要以冰川融水为补给的塔里木河流域上游山区而言,短期冰川融水的增加会调节河流径流,而当冰川得不到足够的降水补充时,冰川的退化必然影响到下游的河流径流. 相似文献
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Desert riparian forest colonization in the lower reaches of Tarim River based on remote sensing analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Guilin Liu Alishir Kurban Huanming Duan Umut Halik Abdimijit Ablekim Luocheng Zhang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(10):4579-4589
The ecological water conveyance project that pipes water from Daxihaizi reservoir to lower reaches of Tarim River has been implemented ten times since 2000. After ecological water conveyance, restoration has taken place for vegetation along the dried-up lower reaches of the Tarim River. The changes of vegetation fluctuated yearly due to ecological water conveyance. In order to reveal the detailed process of vegetation changes, remote sensing images from 1999 to 2010 were all classified individually into vegetated and non-vegetated areas using the soil-adjusted vegetation index threshold method. Then inter-annual changes of vegetation over a period of 12 years were obtained using a post-classification change detection technique. Finally, spatial–temporal changes distribution of vegetation cover and its response to ecological water conveyance were analyzed. The results indicate: (1) vegetation area increased by 8.52 % overall after ecological water conveyance. Vegetation between 2003 and 2004 increased dramatically with 45.87 % while vegetation between 2002 and 2003 decreased dramatically with 17.83 %. (2) Vegetation area gain is greater than vegetation loss during 1999–2000, 2001–2002, 2003–2004 and 2009–2010 periods. Although vegetation restoration is obvious from 1999 to 2010, vegetation loss also existed except for the periods above. It indicates that vegetation restoration fluctuated due to ecological water conveyance. (3) Spatial distribution of vegetation restoration presented “strip” distribution along the river and group shaper in the lower terrain area, while spatial distribution of vegetation loss mainly located in the upper reaches of river and area far away from the river. (4) Vegetation restoration area had a positive relative with total ecological water conveyance volume. The scheme and season of ecological water conveyance had also influenced the vegetation restoration. The vegetation change process monitoring, based on continuous remote sensing data, can provide the spatial–temporal distribution of vegetation cover in a large-scale area and scientific evidences for implementing ecological water conveyance in the lower Tarim River. 相似文献
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青藏高原水源涵养能力时空变化规律 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用水均衡原理和地表能量平衡原理定量评估青藏高原地区水源涵养量,利用多年降雨和蒸发数据研究青藏高原水源涵养能力在空间上的分布状况及其随时间的变化过程,探讨近几十年来青藏高原水源涵养能力时空变化规律。结果表明,近几十年来青藏高原主要形成了3个水源涵养量持续减少的中心区域和2个水源涵养量增强的区域,其中水源涵养能力减弱的区域主要分布于雅鲁藏布江源头、青藏高原南部边缘地带和青海省东部与甘肃交界地带;水源涵养能力增强的区域主要分布于雅鲁藏布江中游河谷地带、澜沧江和金沙江中游河谷地带。 相似文献
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2003年8～10月,泾、渭、洛河和三门峡～花园口区间降雨持续50余d,黄河中游出现了历史上罕见的秋汛洪水。为扩大黄河下游河道主河槽的过洪能力,实现黄河下游主河槽的全线冲刷,同时,进一步探索三门峡、小浪底等水库水沙联合调度方式,深化对黄河河道、水库水沙运动规律的认识,黄委会于9月6日～18日进行了黄河第二次调水调沙。该文着重介绍了此次实验中黄河下游主要断面的水文泥沙过程,以及河道冲淤情况,认为花园口水文站来水量26．5亿m~3,冲刷量0．456亿t,整个下游河段基本为冲刷；下游主要断面主槽过洪能力增加幅度为150～400m~3/s,2500m~3/s流量相应水位降低0．04～0．23m,提高下游河道的输沙效率。 相似文献
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Space-borne geodetic sensors and model-based datasets have been used to monitor groundwater changes in the Yangtze River basin (YRB). Groundwater storage variations were computed using the following datasets:? Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)-derived terrestrial water storage (TWS),? Noah driven Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS-Noah) model to simulate the total water content (TWC) i.e. soil moisture, ice and snow, and canopy water storage, and? Satellite altimetry-observed surface water reservoir storages.Overall, the results show that groundwater in the YRB rose by at least 3.34 km3/yr between January 2003 and December 2009. However, the estimated groundwater linear trend for the period of 2003–2009 was ?0.95 km3/yr according to the Changjiang and Southwest Rivers Water Resource Bulletin (CJSRWB). An analysis of the methodology of the CJSRWB shows that the groundwater estimate was based on the water balance approach, which has been found to be weak in inter-basin sub-surface flow. The GRACE-estimated groundwater rise is larger and suggests that the YRB is affected by seepage from Tibetan lakes through a sub-surface fault. Additionally, there is evidence showing that water loss from the Yangtze River by underground leakage through faults could also be a cause of the difference. Therefore, it is concluded that further investigation is required to determine the causation. 相似文献
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Patrick Ollivier Olivier Radakovitch Bruno Hamelin 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,88(1-3):394
Dissolved major and trace element concentrations were determined from November 2000 to December 2003 in the lower Rhône River (France). Subsurface water samples were collected about twice a month and more regularly during flood events. An unusual trend was observed for As, Sb, Ni and Ba concentrations which increased with river discharge at the beginning of the floods, in contrast with other elements. Variations of Sb/Na and As/Na molar ratios show that it is related to higher contributions of waters from western tributaries of the Rhône River enriched in As, Sb, Ni and Ba due to ancient mining activities. These unusual variations of dissolved element concentrations are thus interpreted as mark of a water mass origin within the watershed. 相似文献
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近几十年来黑河野牛沟流域的冰川变化 总被引：23，自引：12，他引：11
利用1956年航测、1970/1973年1:50000地形图以及野牛沟流域2003年ASTER影像获取的3期冰川资料,对黑河源头西支野牛沟流域的冰川时空变化进行了分析.通过分析流域气温变化和冰川变化的关系,探讨了流域冰川变化对河川径流的影响.结果表明:野牛沟流域1956—1970/1973年冰川总面积减少9.29%,年平均消退0.54%;1970/1973—2003年冰川总面积减少了18.23%,年平均消退0.60%.流域内冰川条数由1956年的165条减少为2003年的144条,1956—1970/1973年间流域冰川储量减少了2.29×108m3,年均损失约0.13×108m3;从1970/1973年到2003年,冰川储量减少了4.19×108m3,年均损失约0.14×108m3.从1956年到2003年,冰川变化率随着冰川面积的增加而降低,冰川萎缩速度有加快的迹象,而流域年平均温度也有加快升高的趋势.冰川的消退对于流域径流量的影响不大. 相似文献
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水库岸坡滑坡稳定性主要受库水位涨落的影响。由于库区水位变化可概化为二维非稳定流,地下水位变化可采用有限元模拟。三峡水库正常运行时的水位涨落速度在0.6～4.0m/d、高程145～175m之间变化,通过有限元法对库区的马家沟滑坡模拟表明:库水位和滑坡体内的地下水位同步升降,水力梯度很小,因此水位涨落对滑坡的影响主要是浮托力作用。在此条件下,采用Morgenstern-Price法对滑坡稳定性进行计算表明,随着水位上升,滑坡稳定性降低,水位上升到165m时,稳定性达到最小,水位再上升则稳定性增大,当滑坡完全淹没在水下时的稳定性高于未被淹没的情况,滑坡最终的稳定性按最小稳定系数评价。 相似文献
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在2003年10月-2004年9月期间每月一次采集了乌江干流上乌江渡水库大坝前开阔水域中的表层水;并于2003年10月、2004年4月和7月在同一采样点采集了分层水样及其底部的柱状沉积物。分别测定了其中溶解性硅(DSi)和叶绿素a(Chl-a)的浓度,同时还现场测定了水体中的温度(T),溶解氧(DO)和pH值。结果表明:乌江渡水库表层水中DSi的浓度范围为0.53~3.96 mg/L,平均值为1.74 mg/L;但沉积物孔隙水中DSi浓度大约是上覆水体中DSi浓度的7倍。分层期间,水体中DSi浓度在垂直方向上随水深增加而升高,而孔隙水中DSi浓度随沉积深度先增加后降低。同时还发现乌江渡水库中DSi与叶绿素a之间存在较好的反相关关系,这表明该水库中DSi的含量和分布可能主要受到浮游植物尤其是硅藻的生物活动调节。 相似文献
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Our objective was to quantify the contribution of autochthonous, locally-produced phytoplankton, and allochthonous, terrestrial-derived
organic matter (OM) to the production of young-of-year (YOY) American shad(Alosa sapidissima) using stable isotopes. We measured the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition of YOY American shad in the tidal fresh
water of the Mattaponi River, a tributary in the York River estuary, during three consecutive years. The isotopic ratios of
larval American shad varied among years, indicating a switch from reliance on a primarily autochthonous food web pathway during
low and moderate discharge years (50–90%; 2002, 2004) to a primarily allochthonous pathway during a high discharge year (<
35% phytoplankton; 2003). Reliance on phytoplankton by larval fish declined exponentially with increasing Mattaponi River
discharge. In 2003, juvenile production was also supported by allochthonous OM, though autochthonous phytoplankton accounted
for an increasingly large fraction during June through August, up to 40–55%. We also found a long-term, positive relationship
between the duration of above average flow during April through June in the Mattaponi River and a corresponding index of juvenile
American shad abundance. The largest American shad cohort recorded since 1967 was observed in 2003, a high discharge year.
The production of this cohort was largely supported by allochthonous OM. The results suggest an important link between river
discharge, energy flow, and recruitment, wherein high discharge favors reliance on terrestrial carbon by YOY American shad,
owing to changes in zooplankton diet, macroinvertebrate abundance, or both, and also favors high American shad abundance. 相似文献
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塔里木河流域位于中国西北干旱区,降水稀少,生态脆弱,水资源是维系当地社会经济发展和生态健康的关键因素。文章利用GRACE重力卫星数据和GLDAS全球陆面同化系统数据识别了塔里木河流域2003~2019年地下水储量变化,并分析其时空分布规律。结果显示,2003~2019年间塔里木河流域地下水储量整体呈下降趋势,速率为-2.13 mm/a。在空间分布上,由北向南,地下水储量的下降降幅逐渐减少,天山南坡中段地区地下水亏损最大,而塔里木河下游地下水储量稳步回升,与近十多年的应急生态输水有关。此外,塔里木河流域地下水储量变化与年降水量存在比较一致的年际变化特征。2004、2006~2009年降水量偏少,地下水储量显著减少,降水量多的年份,地下水储量出现回升。基于GRACE和GLDAS的地下水储量分析方法对于对监测缺乏地下水站网的塔里木河流域地下水资源具有较大应用潜力。 相似文献