共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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深入认识水库的水动力过程一直是研究和解决其水环境问题的基础。通过对三峡水库香溪河库湾2019年泄水期(5月)和蓄水期(9月)高频、连续的水位和流速剖面监测数据进行分析,获得了该支流库湾振荡的物理特性。研究发现:①高频的库湾振荡在垂向上表现为正压波,在水平模态上表现为最基本的Helmholtz模式(n=0),该振荡是香溪河库湾显著存在的重要水动力过程之一; ②库湾振荡的周期约2 h,在库湾上游其振荡流速可达±0.05~0.1 m/s,水位波动振幅可达0.2 m; ③支流库湾振荡由库区干流重力波驱动,重力波产生于大坝下泄流量的日调节过程。本研究不仅加深了对水库及其支流水动力过程的认识,同时也进一步揭示了香溪河库湾水动力过程对三峡水库日调度的响应机制,为后续水库生态调度研究及其应用提供了新的视角。 相似文献
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滑坡稳定性变化与地下水非稳定渗流初探--以三峡库区黄蜡石滑坡群石榴树包滑坡为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
把滑坡体离散化为一定数量的条块,基于水均衡原理建立了滑坡体地下水一维非稳定渗流的差分方程组,其中考虑了滑坡体地下水通过弱透水滑动带的越流排泄,对动态边界提出了处理方法.以三峡库区黄蜡石滑坡群的石榴树包滑坡为例,根据三峡水库蓄水前和蓄水后排泄区的不同水位条件,模拟了在强降雨过程中滑坡地下水的动态过程.结合考虑地下水渗透力的传递系数法,计算了石榴树包滑坡稳定性系数随时间的变化,结果表明无论是在三峡水库蓄水前还是蓄水后的极端降雨条件下石榴树包滑坡都是不安全的.在地下水非稳定渗流的影响下,滑坡稳定性对降雨和排泄区水位的响应具有滞后性. 相似文献
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对2006年10月采自长江巫山段一级支流大宁河河底的三根岩芯作了常量元素（K、Na、Ca、Mg）的分析。研究结果表明,沉积物中稀酸可溶相常量元素的含量能够反映沉积物的特征和来源。大宁河中—上游沉积物中碳酸盐含量平均为23%,反映岩溶地区石灰岩风化的影响;而与长江交接处的沉积物中碳酸盐含量平均为10%,显示长江主流有明显不同的沉积物来源。三峡大坝的建成蓄水,水位提高,使得碳酸盐含量低的红色粘土进入双龙镇段大宁河沉积,造成碳酸盐含量、稀酸可溶相常量元素含量急剧下降、沉积物的颜色发生显著变化。受到蓄水作用的影响,大宁河泥沙沉积速率大幅度提高,自2004年12月蓄水以来,大宁河双龙镇附近沉积物厚达10cm以上。 相似文献
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三峡库区地下水渗透压力对滑坡稳定性影响研究 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
殷跃平 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2003,14(3):1-8
论文对三峡库区滑坡防治工程设计中的渗透压力问题进行了较为系统的研究。针对设计中普遍出现的问题。强调了“有效应力法”的合理性。结合三峡水库蓄水以及库水波动,讨论了设计中的“工况”问题。作者认为。从防洪水位调度角度上看,库区存在从175m～145m骤降的现象,可作为校核“工况”考虑。渗透压力是库区滑坡防治设计必须考虑的重要因素。作者总结了圆弧型和折线型滑面的滑坡稳定性和推力计算公式。但是,三峡库区,在水位由175m下降为145m的过程中,滑坡稳定性并不都是降低的。对于滑带平缓且厚度不大的滑坡体来说。由于滑体水下面积减少,水力坡降较小,反而有利于滑坡体稳定,说明滑坡体浮力的降低速率要大于渗透压力的增加速率。 相似文献
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重庆市三峡库区若干重大地质灾害隐患 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
李玉生 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2010,21(1):133-135
三峡工程水库蓄水以来,两岸地质灾害时有发生,为保证库区移民安稳致富,长江航道正常通航,有关部门遵照中央指示正在部署后续地质灾害防治工作。本文根据作者长期在三峡库区从事地质灾害勘察研究的经验,对三峡库区重庆市范围内巫山至奉节一带的巴东组地层滑坡、奉节至云阳间的顺层滑坡和长江、大宁河、乌江峡谷河段的危岩崩塌等重大地质灾害隐患进行简要分析,并提出了下一步工作建议,可供有关部门和领导决策三峡库区后续地质灾害防治工作参考。 相似文献
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The Daning River is a very important tributary in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. It is also a famous scenic spot. Anomalies appeared after water storage of the reservoir in June, 2003. In September, 2003, eutrophication monitoring in the 135-m backwater reach of the Daning River was conducted and the data were simply analyzed. The assessment result is that water body in the segment from Shuauglong to Longmen was mesotrophic or eutrophic. At the same time, the causes of its nutritional change were discussed, and counter-measures have been proposed. 相似文献
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The natural aging process of Chesapeake Bay and its tributary estuaries has been accelerated by human activities around the shoreline and within the watershed, increasing sediment and nutrient loads delivered to the bay. Riverine nutrients cause algal growth in the bay leading to reductions in light penetration with consequent declines in sea grass growth, smothering of bottom-dwelling organisms, and decreases in bottom-water dissolved oxygen as algal blooms decay. Historically, bay waters were filtered by oysters, but declines in oyster populations from overfishing and disease have led to higher concentrations of fine-sediment particles and phytoplankton in the water column. Assessments of water and biological resource quality in Chesapeake Bay and tributaries, such as the Potomac River, show a continual degraded state. In this paper, we pay tribute to Owen Bricker’s comprehensive, holistic scientific perspective using an approach that examines the connection between watershed and estuary. We evaluated nitrogen inputs from Potomac River headwaters, nutrient-related conditions within the estuary, and considered the use of shellfish aquaculture as an in-the-water nutrient management measure. Data from headwaters, nontidal, and estuarine portions of the Potomac River watershed and estuary were analyzed to examine the contribution from different parts of the watershed to total nitrogen loads to the estuary. An eutrophication model was applied to these data to evaluate eutrophication status and changes since the early 1990s and for comparison to regional and national conditions. A farm-scale aquaculture model was applied and results scaled to the estuary to determine the potential for shellfish (oyster) aquaculture to mediate eutrophication impacts. Results showed that (1) the contribution to nitrogen loads from headwater streams is small (about 2 %) of total inputs to the Potomac River Estuary; (2) eutrophic conditions in the Potomac River Estuary have improved in the upper estuary since the early 1990s, but have worsened in the lower estuary. The overall system-wide eutrophication impact is high, despite a decrease in nitrogen loads from the upper basin and declining surface water nitrate nitrogen concentrations over that period; (3) eutrophic conditions in the Potomac River Estuary are representative of Chesapeake Bay region and other US estuaries; moderate to high levels of nutrient-related degradation occur in about 65 % of US estuaries, particularly river-dominated low-flow systems such as the Potomac River Estuary; and (4) shellfish (oyster) aquaculture could remove eutrophication impacts directly from the estuary through harvest but should be considered a complement—not a substitute—for land-based measures. The total nitrogen load could be removed if 40 % of the Potomac River Estuary bottom was in shellfish cultivation; a combination of aquaculture and restoration of oyster reefs may provide larger benefits. 相似文献
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太湖富营养化与蓝藻水华引起的饮用水危机——原因与对策 总被引：58，自引：0，他引：58
[ZW（*][HT6H]〓收稿日期：.
〓作者简介：[HT6SS]（1963 ），男，江苏苏州人，研究员，主要从事水环境研究.[WT6HZ]E mail:[WT6BZ]qinbq@niglas.ac.cn[ZW)]
[HT4F][HT5K]()[JZ）]
[HT5H][GK2]
摘〓要：[HT5K]2007年5月份发生在无锡太湖蓝藻水华引起的自来水危机事件进一步凸现我国湖泊富营养化的严峻局面和蓝藻水华频发的现状。从分析太湖富营养化发生、发展，蓝藻水华爆发的原因和机制入手，提出湖泊富营养化治理和蓝藻水华控制的途径和措施。研究表明，太湖富营养化之所以如此严重而且治理起来异常艰难，主要是由于太湖发育于长江中下游洪泛平原，营养本底高；由于水浅和沉水植被的退化使得频繁的风浪扰动造成内源营养盐负荷维持在一个非常高的水平；而流域内社会经济的高速发展，进一步加剧了太湖富营养化进程。蓝藻水华爆发一方面与蓝藻本身的生理特征有关，如固碳、伪空泡、光吸收及营养盐利用的能力；另一方面则与系统内物理、化学、生物环境有关，如独特的浅水湖泊水下光场结构和低的捕食压力。太湖的富营养化治理需遵循控源截污、湖泊生态修复和流域管理的原则，具体措施包括前置库和人工湿地的面源污染物控制技术；物理机械和生物去除内源营养盐削减技术；沉水植被恢复的湖泊生态修复技术。而蓝藻水华的控制技术则包括围隔拦截和导流的物理工程方法、絮凝沉降和抑藻物添加的化学工程方法以及生态浮床和生物操纵的生态工程方法。具体使用时，需要先诊断、后治理。
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三峡库区龙门寨危岩体崩塌产生涌浪研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
长江两岸高耸的危岩体对航道、沿岸居民带来巨大安全隐患。大宁河属于长江一级支流，龙门寨危岩体位于大宁河上，距离巫山县城仅1 km。利用FLOW-3D软件，模拟了145 m、175 m两种水位工况下龙门寨危岩体崩塌产生涌浪过程和涌浪传播过程。模拟结果表明，涌浪在145 m水位工况下最大浪高约为17.9 m，175 m水位工况下最大浪高约为11.6 m；在巫山县的五个码头处，两种水位工况最大涌浪爬高分别约为10.9 m、3.8 m；根据涌浪高度，对大宁河进行危险分区，145 m水位工况下极高危险区长度约4.4 km，很高危险区长度约1.9 km；175 m水位工况下极高危险区长度约3.0 km，很高危险区长度约1.0 km。研究结果有助于防控龙门寨危岩体潜在涌浪灾害危害，保障大宁河航道和巫山县码头安全，同时也为三峡库区滑坡涌浪灾害提供了预警依据。 相似文献
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Evolving Paradigms and Challenges in Estuarine and Coastal Eutrophication Dynamics in a Culturally and Climatically Stressed World 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hans W. Paerl Nathan S. Hall Benjamin L. Peierls Karen L. Rossignol 《Estuaries and Coasts》2014,37(2):243-258
Coastal watersheds support more than one half of the world’s human population and are experiencing unprecedented urban, agricultural, and industrial expansion. The freshwater–marine continua draining these watersheds are impacted increasingly by nutrient inputs and resultant eutrophication, including symptomatic harmful algal blooms, hypoxia, finfish and shellfish kills, and loss of higher plant and animal habitat. In addressing nutrient input reductions to stem and reverse eutrophication, phosphorus (P) has received priority traditionally in upstream freshwater regions, while controlling nitrogen (N) inputs has been the focus of management strategies in estuarine and coastal waters. However, freshwater, brackish, and full-salinity components of this continuum are connected structurally and functionally. Intensification of human activities has caused imbalances in N and P loading, altering nutrient limitation characteristics and complicating successful eutrophication control along the continuum. Several recent examples indicate the need for dual N and P input constraints as the only nutrient management option effective for long-term eutrophication control. Climatic changes increase variability in freshwater discharge with more severe storms and intense droughts and interact closely with nutrient inputs to modulate the magnitude and relative proportions of N and P loading. The effects of these interactions on phytoplankton production and composition were examined in two neighboring North Carolina lagoonal estuaries, the New River and Neuse River Estuaries, which are experiencing concurrent eutrophication and climatically driven hydrologic variability. Efforts aimed at stemming estuarine and coastal eutrophication in these and other similarly impacted estuarine systems should focus on establishing N and P input thresholds that take into account effects of hydrologic variability, so that eutrophication and harmful algal blooms can be controlled over a range of current and predicted climate change scenarios. 相似文献
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基于1956-2015年洞庭湖主要控制站实测水文数据,运用Mann-Kendall检验法、主成分分析法对比分析了近60 a来洞庭湖东、南、西三个湖区水位演变特征及其影响因素。结果表明：从调弦口堵口至葛洲坝截流后,南咀和城陵矶站同流量下水位均升高,但南咀站平均水位受三口分流能力减弱而下降（0.03 m）,城陵矶站平均水位受湖盆泥沙淤积和长江干流顶托作用而上升（1.33 m）;三峡水库运行后,湖盆冲淤基本持平,湖泊同流量下水位基本不变,由于该时段长江流域整体为相对枯水期,因而与葛洲坝截流后相比湖泊年平均水位下降约0.31~0.58 m。近60 a来南咀站平均水位呈显著下降趋势（p<0.05）,而城陵矶站水位呈显著上升趋势（p<0.01）,说明湖泊水位影响因素作用存在空间异质性。洞庭湖年内水位存在涨（4-5月）~丰（6-9月）~退（10-11月）~枯（12月-次年3月）的变化特征,葛洲坝运行期丰水期水位上涨明显,三峡运行期各月水位均有下降,受水库调度方式影响7-10月水位降幅最大。洞庭湖流域降水量、四水入湖和出湖径流大小以及长江干流水情是洞庭湖水位变化的主要影响因素,三口来沙变异条件下的洞庭湖冲淤量变化是湖泊水位变化的次要因素。 相似文献
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为了解三峡水库的运行对长江河口北支咸潮倒灌的影响,对三峡水库初步运行前后北支咸潮倒灌的变化进行了分析.结果表明:三峡水库运行后,受水库下泄水量变化影响,北支咸潮倒灌时间提前,10~11月咸潮倒灌强度增加,12月至次年4月倒灌强度减弱,咸潮倒灌强度的降幅小于增幅;在咸潮倒灌最为严重和长江口淡水利用最为重要的1~4月,水库的实际运行所引起的北支咸潮倒灌减弱的幅度并不大;三峡水库的实际运行使得北支咸潮倒灌的强度在各月重新分配,但对一年中整个咸潮期咸潮倒灌的总强度影响不大;水库运行后,北支极端咸潮倒灌的强度降低,这对提高长江口水源地的供水安全及保证率有利. 相似文献
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三峡工程的运行对鄱阳湖防洪形势存在潜在影响。以三峡-鄱阳湖系统为典型,采用基于copula理论的多维联合分布函数,建立三峡工程运行前长江-鄱阳湖-"五河"(赣江、抚河、信江、饶河、修河)系统中水文要素之间的联合概率分布及条件概率分布,并假设该条件分布关系在三峡工程运行前后保持不变;估计三峡工程运行后长江水文要素的概率分布,结合前面的条件概率分布,可以得到三峡工程运行后研究变量的概率分布;对比分析前后概率分布的变化,即可从统计角度评价三峡水库运行对鄱阳湖水文情势的影响。研究表明:三峡工程运行对鄱阳湖水位有一定影响;5、6月份三峡预泄,将增高鄱阳湖水位,其中,平均水位的增幅大于最高水位增幅,低水增幅大于高水增幅;三峡预泄影响下,湖区圩堤堤前水位没有超过原有堤防设计水位,没有降低湖区圩堤的防洪标准。 相似文献