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Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters. 相似文献
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在实验室测定了不同条件下凡纳滨对虾 (Litopenaeusvannamei)的摄食率、生长率及食物转化率 ,并探讨了体质量和温度等因子的影响。结果表明 ,温度和体质量对凡纳滨对虾的摄食率及生长率有显著的影响 ,温度对食物转化率影响不明显。在温度 1 6～ 3 1℃的范围内 ,摄食率及生长率随温度的升高而增加 ;相同温度下 ,随个体质量的增加摄食率、生长率及食物转化率下降。凡纳滨对虾摄食率 (RF)、生长率 (RG)和食物转化率 (EF)与温度和体质量的复回归关系分别为 :RF=0 .461W- 0 .793e0 .12 2T(r2 =0 .876,P <0 .0 1 ) ,RG =0 .1 63W- 1.398e0 .174T(r2 =0 .784,P <0 .0 1 ) ,EF=0 .3 84W- 0 .54 6 e0 .0 4 6T(r2 =0 .5 2 9,P <0 .0 5 )。 相似文献
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盐度对波部东风螺幼虫存活、生长及变态的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
采用突变和渐变两种实验方法检验了盐度对波部东风螺幼虫存活、生长和变态的影响。这两个实验，在盐度21．0－27．5的范围内，幼虫均有较高的存活率、变态率和较快的生长速度。其中，在盐度24．0处，幼虫的存活率和变态率都最高，生长速度也最大。不管盐度如何，幼虫较快的生长速度总是和自发变态前较短的浮游期联系的，尽管渐变盐度没能使幼虫的存活率、变态率、生长速度、变态个体的大小以及浮游期的长度得到显著的改变，却明显地加宽了幼虫存活和变态的盐度范围。渐变盐度的实验方法优于突变盐度的实验方法。 相似文献
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以鱼粉、豆粕和明胶为主要蛋白源配制成蛋白质水平分别为31.5%、35.0%、38.5%、42.0%、45.5%、49.0%的试验饲料。选取初始均重(3.99±0.08)g的拟目乌贼(Sepia lycidas)540只,随机分成6组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只。结果表明:拟目乌贼的生长性能指标(增重率、特定生长率、成活率)均在饲料蛋白质水平为45.91%时达到最佳,除与蛋白质水平为49.72%时差异不显著(P0.05)外,与其他各组均有显著差异(P0.05)。饲料系数随蛋白质水平的升高呈先降后升的趋势,在饲料蛋白质水平为45.91%时达到最低,显著低于除49.72%组外的其他各组;蛋白质效率随着饲料中蛋白质水平的升高而显著下降(P0.05)。饲料蛋白质水平对肥满度与肝体比影响不显著(P0.05)。胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、肠道脂肪酶和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性,随饲料蛋白质水平的增加呈先升后降的趋势,均在饲料蛋白质水平为45.91%时达到最高,胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活性除与蛋白质水平为42.22%时差异不显著(P0.05)外,与其他各组均有显著差异(P0.05);脂肪酶和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性与其他各组均有显著差异(P0.05),而肠道淀粉酶活性则相反。肝脏谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性随饲料蛋白质水平的增加呈先升后稳定的趋势,均在饲料蛋白质水平为49.72%时达到最大,显著高于除45.91%组外的其他各组(P0.05);而饲料蛋白质水平对碱性磷酸酶活性影响不显著(P0.05)。乌贼肌肉粗蛋白质在饲料蛋白质水平45.91%时含量最高,显著高于除49.72%组外的其他各组(P0.05);粗脂肪含量最低,显著低于其他各组(P0.05);而肌肉水分和粗灰分含量不受饲料蛋白质水平的影响(P0.05)。拟目乌贼生长前期(4~10 g)配合饲料适宜的蛋白质水平为45.91%。 相似文献
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The age, growth, and mortality of Gymnocypris firmispinatus were studied by 582 individuals that collected between July 2015 and June 2016 from the tributaries of the Anning River, China. The total length (TL) ranged from 27 mm to 242 mm, total weight (W) ranged from 0.2 g to 148.2 g. The relationship of total length and weight was expressed as W =7.754×10^-6 TL^ 3.304 for the total samples. The age classes of males were 1–9 a, and that of females were 1–13 a. The von Bertalanff y functions based on otolith readings and observed length data were L t ♂=198.6(1–e^-0.094 ( t +3.497)), and L t ♀=289.3(1–e^-0.089 ( t +1.109)). The total mortality ( Z ) of male and female G . firmispinatus was estimated as 0.73/a and 0.40/a, respectively. The natural mortality ( M ) was evaluated as 0.25/a for males and 0.20/a for females, fishing mortality ( F ) was 0.35/a for males and 0.16/a for females. The exploitation ratio of the population was 0.66/a for males and 0.50/a for females. It was concluded that the growth of the fish is relatively slower than other congeneric fishes. The population of G . firmispinatus in the tributaries of the Anning River might be in over-exploitation under the current fishing intensity. 相似文献
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研究了延迟投饵对裸项栉鰕虎鱼仔鱼存活、摄食及生长等方面的影响。实验设1个饥饿对照组（设10个平行）和5个延迟投饵组（各设4个平行）,分别在孵化后第1、2、3、4和5d开始投喂褶皱臂尾轮虫。实验结果表明裸项栉鰕虎鱼仔鱼初次摄食时间为孵化后第1天,第3～4天时进入PNR期;初次摄食率以孵化后第2天最高,为54.55％,之后随日龄的增大而显著下降;仔鱼的存活率随延迟投饵天数的增加而显著降低;体长增长率的变化趋势与此相似。本研究表明：对裸项栉鰕虎鱼仔鱼进行投饵的最适时间为孵化后第1天。 相似文献
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维生素C和免疫多糖对凡纳滨对虾生长、饲料利用和虾体主要成分的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为研究维生素C(Vc)和免疫多糖对凡纳滨对虾(LitopenaeusvannameiBoone)生长、饲料利用和虾体主要成分的影响进行了为期8周 的生长实验。采用2因素实验设计 ,其中Vc设2个水平(0,120mg/kg饲料) ,免疫多糖为3个水平(0,1 ,2g/kg饲料)。结果表明 ,饲料中不添加Vc时 ,体质量增长随着饲料中免疫多糖添加浓度的提高而显著提高(P<0.05) ;而当饲料中Vc浓度增加到120mg/kg饲料 ,体质量增长并不随免疫多糖浓度的提高而显著上升(P>0.05) ;饲料中添加Vc的各组体质量增长显著高于未添加Vc组(P<0.05)。饲料中添加免疫多糖能显著降低凡纳滨对虾的饲料系数(P<0.05) ,提高对虾的蛋白质效率(P<0.05) ;对对虾体主要组成成分的分析表明 ,对虾体蛋白质和脂肪含量受免疫多糖和Vc添加的影响显著 相似文献
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Sebastian Baumgarten Jürgen Laudien Carin Jantzen Verena Häussermann Günter Försterra 《Marine Ecology》2014,35(4):401-413
Magellania venosa, the largest recent brachiopod, occurs in clusters and banks in population densities of up to 416 ind m?2 in Comau Fjord, Northern Chilean fjord region. Below 15 m, it co‐occurs with the mytilid Aulacomya atra and it dominates the benthic community below 20 m. To determine the question of why M. venosa is a successful competitor, the in situ growth rate of the brachiopod was studied and its overall growth performance compared with that of other brachiopods and mussels. The growth in length was measured between February 2011 and March 2012 after mechanical tagging and calcein staining. Settlement and juvenile growth were determined from recruitment tiles installed in 2009 and from subsequent photocensus. Growth of M. venosa is best described by the general von Bertalanffy growth function, with a maximum shell length (L∞) of 71.53 mm and a Brody growth constant (K) of 0.336 year?1. The overall growth performance (OGP index = 5.1) is the highest recorded for a rynchonelliform brachiopod and in the range of that for Mytilus chilensis (4.8–5.27), but lower than that of A. atra (5.74). The maximal individual production (PInd) is 0.29 g AFDM ind?1 year?1 at 42 mm shell length and annual production ranges from 1.28 to 89.25 g AFDM year?1 m?2 (1–57% of that of A. atra in the respective fjords). The high shell growth rate of M. venosa, together with its high overall growth performance may explain the locally high population density of this brachiopod in Comau Fjord. However, the production per biomass of the population (‐ratio) is low (0.535) and M. venosa may play only a minor role in the food chain. Settling dynamics indicates that M. venosa is a pioneer species with low juvenile mortality. The coexistence of the brachiopod and bivalve suggests that brachiopod survival is affected by neither the presence of potential brachiopod predators nor that of space competitors (i.e. mytilids). 相似文献
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饵料密度对花鲈仔鱼生长和存活的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
于2001年12月，在集美大学水产试验场，测定了不同的轮虫密度培育的花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)仔鱼的摄食量、生长、存活率和耐饥饿能力。结果表明。饵料密度对花鲈仔鱼的摄食、生长和存活均有较大的影响。在轮虫密度为10个/mL的条件下,仔鱼的摄食量较大、生长最快、存活率最高、耐饥饿能力较强。当轮虫密度为20个／mL时,花鲈仔鱼的存活率降低、耐饥饿能力下降。当轮虫密度低于5个／mL,随着轮虫密度的降低。仔鱼摄食量下降、生长变慢、存活率降低、耐饥饿能力下降。 相似文献
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M. M. Walker 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):393-397
Development, settlement, and subsequent metamorphosis on several substrata were observed in cultures of Evechinus chloroticus larvae. The period from fertilisation to metamorphosis ranged between 30 and 63 days for larvae collected from spawnings induced at 3 different times. Newly settled sea urchins collected from the field grew about 1 mm per month in aquaria. Correlation of the larval life span with the growth rate of newly settled sea urchins suggested that the earliest spawning could occur was mid‐November. This finding corroborates the results of previous histo‐logical studies of the gonads of adult sea urchins in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. 相似文献
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铁对三角褐指藻生长、光合作用及生化组成的影响 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
近来许多研究表明,不论是在无机氮丰富还是贫乏的水域,铁元素的供应对于浮游植物的生物量、生长率、种类组成及初级生产力均会产生影响。通过室内培养,研究了铁对三角褐指藻生长、光合作用以及细胞生化组成的影响。实验结果表明,在其他营养盐充足的条件下,海水中铁浓度的变化对三角褐指藻的生长及光合作用均有显着影响。在5×10-7mol/dm3铁浓度时,三角褐指藻可达到其最大光合作用速率。在添加铁的条件下,三角褐指藻细胞多种生化组成受到不同程度的影响,其中叶绿素a含量变化幅度最大,增加了25%～35%,叶绿素c、类胡萝卜素含量也有一定程度的增加,但增长幅度要小于叶绿素a;碳水化合物的含量增加了5%～10%,蛋白质含量的增加幅度在5%～15%之间;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性及DCMU荧光增强比(Fd/F)也呈明显的增加趋势。铁是海洋初级生产过程中的一种限制因子。 相似文献
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光色对豹纹鳃棘鲈幼鱼摄食、生长和存活的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究光色对鱼类摄食、生长和存活的影响,作者在模块化小型循环水养殖系统中,以豹纹鳃棘鲈(Plectropomus leopardus)幼鱼(体长21.2 cm±1.22 cm,体质量112.46 g±2.632 g)为对象,设置5种光色环境(红、黄、绿、白和黑暗),进行了4个月的循环水养殖实验。结果表明:绿光下豹纹鳃棘鲈幼鱼摄食率高、饵料转化率高、饵料系数低,但不同光色下豹纹鳃棘鲈幼鱼的摄食不存在显著性差异(P0.05);幼鱼的体长增长,绿光组和红光组大,且与其余3组间差异显著(P0.05);幼鱼的体质量增长,绿光组最大,红光组和黑暗组次之,白光组和黄光组最小,且三者间差异显著(P0.05);各组幼鱼的肥满度并没有显著性差异(P0.05);除白光组幼鱼存活率(只有50%)最低外,其余各组幼鱼存活率均在80%以上,其中绿光组最高,为88.33%。可见,在循环水养殖生产中,绿光环境有利于豹纹鳃棘鲈幼鱼的摄食、生长和存活。 相似文献