共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
WANG Xin 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(2):183-193
Because the cytoplasm of a plant normally degrades after the death of the plant, finding cytoplasm in a plant body after a prolonged period of time, especially in fossil plants, is unexpected. Recent work on several 100-Myr-old plant fossils from Kansas, USA indicates, however, that cells and their contents can be preserved. Most of the cells in these fossil plants appear to be in a state of plasmolysis, and these fossil cells bear a strong resemblance to laboratory-baked cells of extant plant tissues. Based on a comparison with extant material plus biophysical and biochemical analyses of the cytoplasm degrading process, a new hypothesis for cytoplasm preservation in nature is proposed： high temperature, a concomitant of commonly seen wildfires, may preserve cytoplasm in fossil plants. This hypothesis implies that fossilized cytoplasm should be rather common and an appropriate substance for research, unlike previously thought. Research on fossil cytoplasm closely integrates paleobotany with biochemistry, biophysics, as well as fire ecology, and invites inputs from these fields to paleobotany to interpret these provocative findings. 相似文献
2.
WANG Xin CUI Jinzhong 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(1):16-22
For a long time, paleontologists have been focusing on hard parts of organisms during different geological periods while soft parts are rarely reported. Well-preserved plant cells, if found in fossils, are treated only as a rarity. Recent prowess in research on fossil cytoplasm indicates that plant cytoplasm not only has excellent ultrastructures preserved but also may be a quite commonly seen fossil in strata. However, up to now there is no report of plant cell fossils in China yet. Here plant cell fossils are reported from Huolinhe Coal Mine （the early Cretaceous）, Inner Mongolia, China. The presence of plant cytoplasm fossils in two cones on the same specimen not only provides further support for the recently proposed hypothesis on plant cytoplasm fossilization but also marks the first record of plant cytoplasm fossils in China, which suggests a great research potential in this new area. 相似文献
3.
Yannicke Dauphin 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2002,91(6):1071-1080
The micro- and nanostructures of modern and fossil aragonitic nacreous layers of cephalopod shells were studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The nacreous tablets are organized in sectors, composed of acicular units. The acicular units are composed of small granules. The fossil and modern shells show some differences in granule size, but the granules are surrounded by a thin envelope in both samples. Electrophoretic and amino-acid compositions show that organic matrices are present in the fossil shells. Thus, the organic nature of the granule envelopes can be inferred from the two analytical approaches. The AFM microscopy allows us to study the nanostructures of the recent and fossil hard tissues and to observe the diagenetic changes of both the mineral and organic components. 相似文献
4.
东营凹陷深部“红层”地层划分方法探讨 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
运用岩石地层学“最优分割”数值计算方法 ,对由于缺少古生物化石资料而长期难以进行地层划分的山东东营凹陷下第三系沙河街组四段至中生界“红层” ,进行了岩石化学性质差异的最优分割划分。结合有限的古生物化石资料和标准地层剖面的岩石学特征 ,将分割的层序进行了地层归属标定 ,成功地将“红层”各个层属及亚层属划分出来 ,其科学性、合理性已为之后的勘探成果所证实 ,同时在东营地区最深探井———郝科 1井的地层划分中得到了运用。该方法为缺少古生物化石数据的“哑地层”划分提供了一种新思路。 相似文献
5.
Albizzia is a leguminous genus belonging to the subfamily Mimosoideae with approximately150 modern species,widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia,Africa,Australia and America.Among them,17 species are mainly distributed in southern and southwestern China.Abundant fossils of the subfamily Mimosoideae,including leaves,pods,flowers and wood,have been reported from the Cretaceous and Paleogene strata of the Northern Hemisphere.However,Neogene records of Mimosoideae are relatively scarce.In this study,fossil pods and leaves belonging to the genus Albizzia from the Bangmai Formation of Yunnan,China were described.They were assigned to three species,including Albizzia scalpelliformis Guo,Li and Xie Emended,Albizzia cf.kalkora(Roxb.) Prain and Albizzia sp.The occurrence of Albizzia fossils from Lincang not only gives important information on the Neogene plant diversity from Yunnan—a worldwide famous biological hotspot—but also provides additional evidence for its phytogeographic history. 相似文献
6.
Extant Asplenium is one of the most widespread fern groups and occurs in the temperate and tropical regions. However, the fossil records of this genus are poorly documented, especially in the low latitudes. Here, a new species, Asplenium sanshuiense sp. nov. is described from the early Eocene of Sanshui Basin, Guangdong Province, South China. This is the lowest modern latitude fossil record of Asplenium and the first fossil assignment of A. section Darea (Jussieu) Bak., as well as the first fossil record of Asplenium reported from South China. This new species shows that Asplenium had already spread into South China by the early Eocene and the section Darea (Jussieu) Bak. was identifiable within the genus Asplenium during that time. This new species, combined with previous fossil spore-pollen records indicates a warm and humid climate in the Sanshui Basin of the early Eocene. 相似文献
7.
Molecular and supermolecular structures of fossilized resins from the North Eurasia have been studied in detail by IR-spectroscopy,
atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron (HRTEM) microscopy. The analysis
of the IR-spectroscopy data allowed to identify the types of the fossil resins (succinite, rumanite, retinite, etc.). In the
succinites and rumanite, the supermolecular structure was observed by AFM. Sizes of the supermolecular particles are 50–120 nm.
Some chain-like and cluster-like aggregates can be observed when globules contact with each other. Using SEM and HRTEM techniques,
it has been shown that mineral impurities are mainly located as scattered inclusions (from one nanometers up to several tens
micrometers in size) in an amorphous organic matrix of the resin. 相似文献
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A. Stadnitskaia D. Nadezhkin V. Blinova J.S. Sinninghe Damsté 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(7):1824-1836
Carbonate chimneys and other carbonate structures occur widespread in the Gulf of Cadiz and probably reflect the presence of cold seeps and associated release of methane in the geological past, possibly in the Early Pleistocene, but it is unclear under what conditions and by which processes these carbonates were formed. We studied a fossil methane-related carbonate crust collected from the Kidd mud volcano in the gulf. Concentrations of microbial lipids, their stable carbon isotope composition, sequences of fossil 16S rRNA genes of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea in combination with mineralogical and carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of carbonate were obtained for seven different horizons of the crust. This combination of organic and inorganic geochemical techniques with molecular ecological methods gave a consistent view on processes resulting in the formation of the crust and indicated that it took place in two phases and in a downward direction. Archaeal lipid biomarkers and fossil 16S rRNA gene sequence data revealed the dominance of archaeal ANME-2 group and elevated methane partial pressures during the formation of the top part of the crust. The lower part of the carbonate was likely formed in an environment with reduced methane fluxes as revealed by the dominance of fossil remains of ANME-1 archaea. The combination of these methods can be used as an effective tool to reconstruct in unprecedented detail the palaeo-biogeochemical processes resulting in the formation of carbonate fabrics. This interdisciplinary strategy may also be applied for other fossil methane-derived carbonates, generating new concepts and knowledge about past methane-related carbonate systems. 相似文献
10.
本文记述了新近发现的保存较好、具甲胄确切证据的奥陶纪鱼形动物化石。该化石采自新疆塔里木盆地巴楚县一间房地区依朗里克塔格山上奥陶统恰尔巴克组滨-浅海紫红色砂屑灰岩中。对所发现的鱼形动物新属新种——优雅郝氏鱼(Haoina elegantia gen.et sp.nov.)进行了生物学系统描述。郝氏鱼是我国奥陶纪已知保存较完整的古脊椎动物化石,是新科——郝氏鱼科(Haoinaspididae fam.nov.)的科型属。并依据其独特的生物学特征建立新目——郝氏鱼目(Haoinaspidiformes ord.nov.),置于无颌超纲甲胄鱼纲之下。依据牙形石化石带的时代分布,恰尔巴克组属于晚奥陶世早期,即桑比期。新发现的鱼形动物化石包括一个较完整的背侧甲片,化石表面覆盖具有特征纹饰的外骨骼甲胄,大致可分为四种不同的类型;松果区位于头甲中前部;有宽大而深陷的背侧位眶凹,位于松果体稍前的两侧,瘤突组成的嵴在凹壁呈同心圆排列,眶凹呈喇叭状开口。感觉沟系统发育,具眶上感觉沟、主侧线感觉沟和嵴间感觉沟,显示出真皮及皮下组织的管孔系统结构。根据与其他地区鱼形动物的对比和生物特征,建立了具有古特提斯特色的新的鱼形动物古地理分区——奥陶纪郝氏鱼类-巴楚鱼类古脊椎动物生物地理区系。这一化石是我国乃至亚洲目前已知发现最早具外骨骼确凿证据的鱼形动物。 相似文献
11.
The Cretaceous new species and genus Albocryptophagus cantabricus gen. et sp. n. is described based on a fossil specimen from the El Soplao amber deposit (Spain). The new genus is similar to the extant genera Cryptophagus and Micrambe, but differs from them in the transverse pedicel, anterior angles of pronotum, pronotal margin unmodified, pronotal pits absent. Albocryptophagus gen. n. is undoubtedly the most ancient representative for the subfamily Cryptophaginae described up today. Because the saproxylic habits in recent species of the family, a similar behavior is inferred for this new fossil. It is a new example that agrees with the idea that fossil beetles from Mesozoic ambers are characterized by a saproxylic lifestyle. 相似文献
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As the basal group of Polypodiales, the specific taxonomy of Dicksoniaceae is still being debated. As aquantitative analysis method, numerical taxonomy has been applied to the taxonomic study of many plant families andgenera in recent years due to its simplicity and high accuracy. However, the numerical analysis of the Dicksoniaceae fossilshas not been reported at present. In the present study, the pinnule morphological data of 42 Mesozoic fossil species of theDicksoniaceae were analyzed using cluster analysis, principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The resultsrevealed that 42 taxonomic units could be divided into six representative groups, which are consistent with the traditionaltaxonomy. After screening, an identification key on 28 fossil species of four genera with a definite taxonomic position wasestablished. According to the quantitative analysis, a Bayes discriminant model was established for the selected species.Lastly, the model was tested using the morphological data of the fossil pinnules in Dicksoniaceae from the YaojieFormation, suggesting that the discriminant model is accurate to a certain extent. As a result, the numerical taxonomy canbe applied to the classification of the Dicksoniaceae fossils. 相似文献
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15.
近十五年来蛋化石研究概况 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1993年至2008年是中国蛋化石研究不断扩展与深入的时期。这期间的研究更注重于解决盆地地层与蛋化石演化序列间的联系; 开展了翼龙化石胚胎学研究; 通过分子古生物学分析, 尝试了获取古代DNA的方法; 河南西峡恐龙蛋化石博物馆的建立, 成为展示这一阶段进展的突出标志。特别是近几年来, 通过大量资料积累, 发现并揭示出恐龙蛋的变异类型与鸟蛋间的联系, 由此填补了从恐龙到鸟的演化过程中蛋壳形态结构变化的空白。文中还介绍了我国白垩纪几个沉积盆地的生物地层和一些具有特色的蛋化石种类; 提出了新的蛋化石分类意见, 以及与蛋化石有关的生存行为方面的思考。 相似文献
16.
Julien Foriel Pascal Philippot Paul Dumas Murielle Salomé Bénédicte Ménez David Moreira 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2004,68(7):1561-1569
Owing to the delicate nature of fossil microorganisms and inherent difficulties for discriminating true fossils from artifacts, an important challenge is to extract unequivocal biogenic information from individual microfossils using high-resolution, nondestructive and sensitive techniques. Here, we use combined synchrotron (X-ray microfluorescence, X-ray absorption near-edge structure and infrared microspectroscopies) and particle-induced X-ray emission analyses to image the spatial distribution at a μm-scale of a variety of potential biogenic markers (major and trace elements, C-H bonds, and sulfur-oxidation states) in individual prokaryotic microfossils. In particular, we analyzed iron-oxide fossil filaments of putative biogenic origin encapsulated with amorphous silica from a fragment of an inactive hydrothermal chimney of the East Pacific Rise. In order to test the biogenic origin of the markers studied, we performed the same analyses on filamentous bacteria corresponding most likely to the ?-Proteobacteria, and collected from substrates exposed to a hydrothermal fluid vent at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In both types of fossil and contemporary filaments, the occurrence of CH2 groups and of three sulfur species (sulfate, sulfite, organic S) showing heterogeneous distribution that underline the cytoplasm of individual cells in the case of the present-day filament, suggests that the original microorganisms were actively metabolizing sulfur. These results show the large potential of combining high-resolution synchrotron techniques to analyze individual microfossils for extracting unequivocal biogenic information. Furthermore, they also suggest that cooccurrence of different sulfur oxidation states within single microfossils could constitute a biogenic metabolic marker indicating S-metabolizing activities. 相似文献
17.
New specimens of the enigmatic Ediacara-type fossil Palaeopascichnus have been identified from the upper part of the Neoproterozoic Ranford Formation in the Kimberley region, northwest Australia. New material is morphologically similar to Palaeopascichnus and represents the largest species of this genus. They resemble the present-day xenophyophore protists in chamber morphology and growth patterns, supporting the interpretation that Palaeopascichnus is possibly a xenophyophore body fossil rather than a trace fossil. Stratigraphic correlation reveals that the new Palaeopascichnus specimens are preserved in the interglacial successions between the Landrigan/Marinoan and Egan/Ediacaran glaciations. If correlation with the early Ediacaran formations of South Australia is accepted, this represents the earliest known identifiable member of the Ediacara biota. New fossil record fills the evolutionary gap between the Cryogenian and Ediacaran animal assemblages and well-known Ediacaran biota. The new Palaeopascichnus specimens represent the first record of Ediacara-type fossils in Kimberley, and suggest the probability that additional Ediacaran fossils may be found in northwestern Australia. 相似文献
18.
叶缘分析法是一种利用现代植被木本双子叶植物全缘叶物种百分比与年均温的函数关系,定量重建化石植物群古年均温的方法。该方法在新生代植物群的古年均温定量重建研究中得到了广泛的应用。目前基于世界不同地区现代植被的研究表明,尽管全缘叶物种百分比与年均温存在很好的相关性,但其相关性具有地区差异性。本文旨在总结叶缘分析法的研究进展,并介绍基于中国植被建立的叶缘—年均温中国模型;同时,采用该模型重建了中国新生代不同时期植物群的古年均温,且与前人采用其它模型得到的年均温重建值相比较。结果表明,叶缘—年均温中国模型能够有效地重建中国新生代植物群的古年均温值。 相似文献
19.
分子钟假说与化石记录 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
进化是整个生命科学研究的核心和灵魂 ,而早期的生命演化在生物进化过程中具有重要地位 ,是科学界研究的前沿和热点问题。基于生物的遗传距离所建立的分子进化速率 ,可用于进一步推测不同生物类群在进化历史上的分歧时间。这一间接时间数据可与化石记录所反映的直接数据进行比较。分子钟研究为探究早期生命演化提供了一个新的途径 ,不仅可用来对基于化石记录的传统结论加以验证 ,同时对于化石记录不完整的生物类群起源历史的推测具有特殊意义。然而 ,利用分子钟方法所得出的不同门类起源时间总是早于化石记录 ,因此分子钟与化石记录的矛盾仍十分突出。文中综述了基于化石证据研究后生动物起源、寒武纪生命大爆发及被子植物起源等早期生命演化的研究进展 ,介绍并分析、讨论了分子钟方法及利用分子钟研究早期生命起源时间问题及其与化石记录间的矛盾 ,同时认为古DNA的证据有利于分子钟的校正 相似文献
20.
热河生物群是分布于亚洲东部早白垩世的著名古生物化石群,地质时代距今120~131 Ma. 早期研究认为,热河生物群主要分布于中国冀北、辽西等地区. 直到20世纪80年代内蒙古地区开展专题区域地质研究,才陆续发现了许多新的热河生物群化石分布区域和重要的化石产地. 通过对内蒙古自治区东、西部白垩纪热河生物群分布特征及地层对比研究,明确了内蒙古热河生物群分布区域、产出层位、组合差异及古气候和古环境演变规律,进一步理清了内蒙古地区白垩纪沉积古地理、古气候和古环境演变与热河生物群辐射演化的制约和协同关系. 相似文献