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1.
烈度计台与测震台的布设环境、仪器类型不同,所测定的震级值存在一定差异。收集2017-2019年川滇地区301个烈度计台站记录的46次ML 3.0以上地震,进行震级校正。统计烈度计实测震级值与测震台网平均震级值的偏差,对原量规函数进行修正,进而做台站校正。综合修正后,利用量规函数和台站校正值重新计算烈度计震级,结果表明：在震中100 km范围内,烈度计测定震级偏差平均值由校正前的0.145降低至0.033,标准差由0.382降低至0.295,离散度减小;校正后的烈度计震级结果较优,说明本研究获得的量规函数和台站校正值更加适用于川滇地区烈度计台站的震级计算。 相似文献
2.
Annie Souriau 《Journal of Seismology》2006,10(1):23-38
Recent seismic events for which macroseismic intensities and accelerometric records are simultaneously available are investigated in order to derive empirical relationships between intensities and ground accelerations. 20 events with local magnitudes 3.0 to 5.4 are selected in a single country (France), in order to have homogeneous intensity data. Records are obtained in about 50 stations. Relationships are first established between intensities, magnitudes and distances on one side, between S-wave horizontal peak ground accelerations (PGA), magnitudes and distances R on the other side. They show that the PGA decays with distance roughly as R
−2, in agreement with previous studies, and that PGA and intensities lead to different attenuation models. An intensity-acceleration relationship is established from direct observations, and from a combination of the previous relationships. It reveals that the intensity felt depends not only on the PGAs, but also on the distance. This may be explained by the frequency dependent attenuation of the waves, and by a different sensitivity of humans to the different frequencies. The influence of frequency on the felt intensity is then investigated, and a relation between intensity, PGA and frequency is established. It shows that the acceleration needed to be felt with a given intensity is larger at high frequency than at low frequency.Finally, as sound also contributes to earthquake perception, the P-wave displacement is analysed in an attempt to find in which conditions a perceptible sound is generated. The perturbation in air pressure induced by the P-wave is compared to the threshold of hearing in two frequency ranges, 20–40 Hz and 40–60 Hz. The maximum distance of perceptibility as a function of magnitude deduced from the P-wave displacement alone is found to be below the experimental distances of perception reported in the macroseismic enquiries. 相似文献
3.
本文介绍了全球主要地震机构对2008年5月12日汶川地震参数的速报和修订情况,分析了美国地质调查局国家地震信息中心测定的面波震级。通过对比198个全球地震台站测定的面波震级和面波周期,得出如下结论:测定面波震级偏大的台站主要分布在震中的东北方向,测定面波震级偏小的台站主要分布在震中的西南和东南方向,面波周期偏小的台站主要分布在震中东北方向。由于此次地震破裂方向是以北东向单侧破裂为主,且地震多普勒效应导致震中东北方向振动加强,因此该方向上的面波震级偏大,地震烈度衰减慢;而震中西南方向的振动减弱,此方向面波震级偏小,地震烈度衰减快。从而造成地震烈度沿中央断裂带的北东方向衰减慢,而南西方向衰减快的特征分布。 相似文献
4.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2003,65(2):139-147
MF differential absorption data are fitted with a function which cannot exhibit a negative gradient with increasing scattering height. The fit error which results from such a fit is then interpreted to be an error in the reflection coefficient ratio of the magneto-ionic waves in the medium. It is shown that this error is caused by significant mean departures from the theoretical reflection coefficient ratio, and that the height profile of these departures recur on an annual and seasonal basis from 1983 to 1999. Also shown is that this error in the reflection coefficient ratio shows pronounced tidal characteristics, suggesting a link to dynamic processes in the neutral atmosphere. 相似文献
5.
太湖梅梁湾水体悬浮颗粒物吸收系数的分离 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
针对2004年7月17日梅梁湾16个采样点悬浮颗粒物的吸收系数,利用基于光谱标准的方法,将悬浮颗粒物的吸收系数分离成藻类和非藻类颗粒物两种,并将其中藻类颗粒物的吸收系数与通过甲醇浸泡法所得的结果进行分析对比．结果表明:利用甲醇浸泡提取法对藻类、非藻类吸收系数的分离,当非藻类颗粒物浓度较高时,所得的藻类吸收系数呈现出较明显的非藻类颗粒物的特征,造成藻类颗粒物吸收系数有所放大,且在短波段处体现的尤为明显;而基于光谱标准的模拟法能较好地将藻类颗粒物的吸收系数从总悬浮颗粒物吸收系数中分离出来,与甲醇浸泡法相比,藻类颗粒物在440、675 nm吸收峰处的吸收系数与叶绿素a的浓度相关性(R3)得到了较为明显的提高,分别由原来的0．66、0．75提高到了0．8964和0．8401;就甲醇浸泡法而言,总悬浮物吸收系数的谱形状对藻类吸收系数的放大程度有较大的影响,当其越接近藻类颗粒物的吸收特征时,则色素提取法造成的误差越小,相反,当其越接近非藻类颗粒物的吸收特征时,则甲醇浸泡法造成的误差越大． 相似文献
6.
常规的基于贝叶斯理论的稀疏脉冲反演中,各约束项的拉格朗日算子均采用的是恒定的常系数。反演实际资料发现,波阻抗反演剖面与钻井资料的油气显示并不能很好地对应。考虑到反演不同地震道数据时,低频趋势模型所起的约束作用应当不同。本文在常规反演的基础上做出了改进,假定阻抗约束系数是一个空间变量,由各地震道的实际地震数据与合成记录之间的振幅残差来确定该道的阻抗约束系数。实际资料应用表明,改进后的反演结果更稳定,能更准确地反映地下阻抗信息。 相似文献
7.
选用2008—2019年中国东北及邻区27次地震竖直向105条强震动记录,以三段式强度包络函数模型为目标,利用加权最小二乘回归方法,尝试建立了东北及邻区竖直向地震动时程强度包络函数参数的衰减公式,以使我国的地震动区域划分更具有普遍性。同以往的研究类似,上升段持时t1和平稳段持时ts的确定方法采用了70%能量持时法。所选地震的震级为3.3—5.8级,最大震中距为371 km。基于土层场地的竖直向记录,通过与我国目前常用的时程强度包络函数参数的衰减关系进行对比分析发现,t1与震级之间有明显的相关性,实际应用中应考虑震级对t1的影响;地震整体持时较短造成ts上升趋势随距离的增加而变缓;下降段由衰减系数c的变化可见,记录整体衰减较快。 相似文献
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9.
本文叙述了我国现行的北京地震台面波震级 Ms 公式的由来, 所使用的公式为Ms=log(A/T)max+(△)系以古登堡-里克特(Gutenberg-Richter)对帕萨迪纳(Pasadena)地震台测定的面波震级为标准, 由国际上与该标准一致的六个著名地震台的面波平均震级制定出北京地震台测定面波震级的起算函数(△).当震中距离△=8-130得到公式(△)=(1.660.09)log△+(3.500.14)对于△=130-180之间的公式, 我们结合中国地震观测的实际情况将吸收系数项作了改进, 求得半经验半理论公式为(△)=6.775+1/2[(2.147e-0.04465△+1.325)(△-90)10-2logsin△+1/3(log△-1.954)]为了提高面波定震级的精确度, 将北京地震台的面波震级标准推广到全国十二个基准台, 利用360个地震的数据算出了各台的台基校正值, 提高了测定面波震级的一致性. 相似文献
10.
Probabilistic seismic risk assessment for spatially distributed lifelines is less straightforward than for individual structures. While procedures such as the ‘PEER framework’ have been developed for risk assessment of individual structures, these are not easily applicable to distributed lifeline systems, due to difficulties in describing ground‐motion intensity (e.g. spectral acceleration) over a region (in contrast to ground‐motion intensity at a single site, which is easily quantified using Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis), and since the link between the ground‐motion intensities and lifeline performance is usually not available in closed form. As a result, Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and its variants are well suited for characterizing ground motions and computing resulting losses to lifelines. This paper proposes a simulation‐based framework for developing a small but stochastically representative catalog of earthquake ground‐motion intensity maps that can be used for lifeline risk assessment. In this framework, Importance Sampling is used to preferentially sample ‘important’ ground‐motion intensity maps, and K‐Means Clustering is used to identify and combine redundant maps in order to obtain a small catalog. The effects of sampling and clustering are accounted for through a weighting on each remaining map, so that the resulting catalog is still a probabilistically correct representation. The feasibility of the proposed simulation framework is illustrated by using it to assess the seismic risk of a simplified model of the San Francisco Bay Area transportation network. A catalog of just 150 intensity maps is generated to represent hazard at 1038 sites from 10 regional fault segments causing earthquakes with magnitudes between five and eight. The risk estimates obtained using these maps are consistent with those obtained using conventional MCS utilizing many orders of magnitudes more ground‐motion intensity maps. Therefore, the proposed technique can be used to drastically reduce the computational expense of a simulation‐based risk assessment, without compromising the accuracy of the risk estimates. This will facilitate computationally intensive risk analysis of systems such as transportation networks. Finally, the study shows that the uncertainties in the ground‐motion intensities and the spatial correlations between ground‐motion intensities at various sites must be modeled in order to obtain unbiased estimates of lifeline risk. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
Graeme H.McVerry 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2010,9(2):177-187
A landslide displacement (DLL) attenuation model has been developed using spectral intensity and a ratio of critical acceleration coefficient to ground acceleration coefficient. In the development of the model,a New Zealand earthquake record data set with magnitudes ranging from 5.0 to 7.2 within a source distance of 175 km is used. The model can be used to carry out deterministic landslide displacement analysis,and readily extended to carry out probabilistic seismic landslide displacement analysis. DLL attenuation models have also been developed by using earthquake source terms,such as magnitude and source distance,that account for the effects of earthquake faulttype,source type,and site conditions. Sensitivity analyses show that the predicted DLL values from the new models are close to those from the Romeo model that was developed from an Italian earthquake record data set. The proposed models are also applied to an analysis of landslide displacements in the Wenchuan earthquake,and a comparison between the predicted and the observed results shows that the proposed models are reliable,and can be confidently used in mapping landslide potential. 相似文献
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13.
基于微震监测仪器频带及波形记录的时频特征,我们筛选出汶川地震科学钻探3号井孔周围微震台阵2012年记录的218个t_s-t_p1 s的微震.通过盖戈法与和达法相结合确定微震震源的几何参数,发现这些微震分布大体呈NE-SW展布,与龙门山断裂带的走向基本一致.无论是采用《地震台站观测规范》中的量规函数(量规函数GF)还是李学政等(2003)的量规函数(量规函数LXZ),近震震级均与矩震级呈现出较好的线性关系,向震级小的一端延伸时都表现为M_LM_W,但采用李学政等的量规函数时该趋势更加明显.同时采用Brune和Boatwright震源谱衰减模型对观测震源谱的拟合表明拐角频率具有模型依赖性:基于Brune模型拟合得到的拐角频率大于基于Boatwright模型得到的拐角频率.无论基于哪一种模型,矩震级与拐角频率、破裂半径的对数线性关系均较弱,与应力降、视应力的对数则存在较好的线性关系.这些关系不支持应力降、折合能量、视应力为常数的观点,表明微震与大地震的震源物理过程存在差异.视应力与应力降成比例,比例系数小于0.5,表明破裂动力学模式符合SavageWood模式.近震震级与矩震级拟合关系Mw=a+bM_L中b的大小与应力降和地震矩的关系有关,△σ∝M_0~γ,则b=1/(1+γ),因此从b的大小可以粗略地判断应力降与地震矩的关系.本文对应于γ≈1的情况,与基于量规函数LXZ得到的近震震级与矩震级关系中系数b=0.53吻合,这说明仅从辐射能量的角度考虑量规函数LXZ较量规函数GF准确. 相似文献
14.
一、引言在完全弹性介貭中,弹性波的传播問題已經研究得比較深入,尤其用射綫法来解决波的传播強度問題,有了一套完善的方法。实际上,大地岩层近于粘-弹性介貭,地震波在传播过程中要受到內摩擦的作用,振幅随距离逐漸衰減。衰減規律,現在均根据經驗公式来确定。在理論上,虽然可以通过解波动方程的方法解决这問题,但所得結果,即使极簡单的問題也是十分复杂的。在完全弹性介貭中,也存在同样的情形,但如应用射线法,則变得較为方便。 相似文献
15.
叠前反演和地震吸收技术在复杂天然气藏地震预测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对某复杂断块天然气目标储层,在岩石物理分析的指导下,综合利用地质、地震、测井等资料,提出了一套面向复杂天然气藏的叠前地震预测技术.首先基于地震岩石物理分析得到的初始横波信息,采用叠前贝叶斯非线性三参数反演得到了井旁控制点处精确纵横波速度和密度信息,然后通过叠前/叠后联合反演技术实现了面向目标的弹性阻抗体反演及含气储层敏感参数直接提取,最后结合小波变换时频谱分析的方法从叠前地震资料中估算地层吸收参数值,提高天然气藏识别精度.实际应用表明,综合各种叠前地震预测技术,可以大大提高对复杂天然气藏的识别精度,降低勘探风险. 相似文献
16.
利用速度型数字地震仪记录测定面波震级 总被引：10，自引：11，他引：10
根据ＬＡＳＰＥＩ所推荐的面波震公式，本文发展了一种利用长周期速度型数字地震仪记录测定面波震级的新方法，由于长周期数字地震仪基于上都采用速度平坦型设计，周期从３ｓ到２８０ｓ范围内仪器的放大倍数（增益）是一个常数，用本文的方法可以非常方便，准确地测定面波震级，实际计算表明，测定的面波震级与美国ＮＥＩＣ公布的结果相一致。 相似文献
17.
The current calibration function used in calculating the magnitude of natural earthquakes within 5km is a constant; a fact that causes several serious difficulties for the calculation of the magnitude of small and shallow-focus earthquakes. According to the attenuation law of explosions and the propagation theory of elastic waves, the calibration function is calculated for near field quakes from 0kin to 5kin. Magnitudes of two aftershock sequences are calculated. The magnitudes of most explosion earthquakes are small, ranging mainly from magnitude -0.5 to 1.0. The M-t chart of the explosive aftershocks is completely different from that of strong earthquake aftershocks. It not only shows positive columnar lines indieatJng large magnitudes but also short negative columnar lines indicating small magnitudes. 相似文献
18.
文中使用了一个新的量规函数σ300（Δ）,它是基于面波传播理论,考虑了面波的几何扩散、非弹性吸收、频散衰减以及面波优势周期随震中距的变化导出的,取全球平均Q=300。在震中距Δ=20°-160°的范围内与IASPEI推荐的面波震级的量规函数σIASPEI（Δ）一致,又推广了σIASPEI（Δ）的震中距使用范围,从1.0°-179°,以及可使用的面波周期范围（7.5-30s）,因此它更适合我国由中周期宽频带SK仪组成的台网情况。若采用此量规函数σ300（Δ）和进行方位角改正,则可使我国台网测出的Ms与国际地震中心（ISC）测出的一致,震级误差降到0.19级,此误差与苏联台网的误差一样。 相似文献
19.
水体中藻类颗粒物、非藻类颗粒物、CDOM的光谱吸收特性的变化是整个水体对光吸收特性变化的源．本文针对梅梁湾水体中介质的吸收系数,分析了总悬浮颗粒物、藻类颗粒物、非藻类颗粒物和CDOM的标准化谱吸收数的变化．结果表明:藻类颗粒物、非藻类颗粒物组成比例的空间分布不同,是造成该区域总悬浮颗粒物标准化谱吸收系数空间变化的原因．且标准化谱吸收系数的变化主要集中在400-425 nm及600-690 nm两个波段;就谱形而言,总悬浮颗粒物的谱吸收特性主要表现为非藻类颗粒物的吸收特点,即在该区域的水体中,非藻类颗粒物是总悬浮颗粒物吸收特性的主要贡献者;藻类颗粒物、非藻类颗粒物和CDOM的吸收系数的空间变化主要是由各自的浓度变化造成的,即在采样时间内,梅梁湾的水体中,藻类颗粒物中的各种组成色素、非藻类颗粒物及CDOM中的腐殖酸和棕黄酸的组成比例在空间上基本没有太大的变化．另针对藻类颗粒物的吸收特性,本文还对比分析了用甲醇浸泡法和光谱标准分离法分离的藻类颗粒物的吸收特性,发现相对光谱标准分离法来说,甲醇浸泡法会造成藻类颗粒物吸收系数的较大波动． 相似文献
20.
本文综合了哈斯克尔（N.A.Haskell）的有限长度的运动断层模型和安艺敬一（K.Aki）的所谓ω2模型（他的模型用了一个指数衰减函数作为位错速度的自相关函数）,略去了一些次要的因素和项,考虑了与烈度的联系,建立了一个计算烈度分布的模型。用此模型和震源机制工作给出的震源参数,计算了四个典型地震的理论烈度分布。同实际观测的烈度分布比较,两者基本一致。说明我们建立的模型,不仅可以解释许多实际的烈度分布（而有些是从地质构造角度无法解释的）,而且可以用于计算大面积的烈度分布。 相似文献