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广东热带气旋降水年代际变化特征的分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
采用1951—2005年热带气旋和广东省26个测站降水的观测资料,分析了广东热带气旋及其降水的年代际变化特征。结果表明:广东热带气旋降水存在峰值为25年左右的振荡周期,影响广东的热带气旋个数和西北太平洋上热带气旋的形成个数都存在峰值为23年左右的振荡周期;广东热带气旋降水的年代际变化与影响广东的热带气旋个数和西北太平洋上热带气旋的形成个数存在高度正相关;广东热带气旋降水的年代际变化与西太平洋部分区域的年平均SST的年代际变化和北太平洋中高纬部分地区的年平均500 hPa位势高度的年代际变化存在显著的负相关;广东热带气旋降水偏少时期与降水偏多时期相比,一般赤道中、东太平洋的平均SST相对较高,而北太平洋中纬度地区的平均SST相对较低,北太平洋上的东亚大槽相对较强。 相似文献
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In order to study the factors influencing the formation of the vertical component of atmospheric electric field (AEF) strength E z , the data on meteorological parameters (atmospheric pressure, air temperature, and snow depth) are applied, as well as the data of radon Rn emanation into the atmosphere. Determined is the seasonal dependence on the radon emanation to the atmospheric surface layer due to the decrease in the upper soil layer permeability in wintertime that results in the decrease in the surface layer ionization which explains the difference between the maximum and minimum values of electric field strength within the annual variations amounting to ～100 V/m for the observational period. It is demonstrated that during the negative mean diurnal temperatures (November-April), the cyclone arrival from southern directions is accompanied by significant decrease in AEF E z due to the increase in the radon flow under the influence of considerable fall of atmospheric pressure and dramatic warming by 10–15°C resulting in the increase in upper soil layer permeability. 相似文献
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本文使用1979—2021年国家气候中心160站(R160)和国家级地面气象观测站2 314站(R2314)逐月降水观测资料,利用EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function)分解和相关分析等方法,研究两类资料夏季降水时空变化特征及其与海气因素之间物理联系的表征水平差异,并分析了差异的可能原因。结果表明,R160在我国西北、青藏高原等地区站点极为稀疏,导致其各EOF模态对上述地区降水的时空变化特征描述失真,中东部地区偏低的空间分辨率会使局地强降水的变化特征信号损失,造成降水的年际变率降低。而R2314主模态能够更为真实地反映我国降水的时空演变特征,特别是在极端降水频发的江淮地区以及降水受局地地形影响较大的山区,其EOF主模态的空间分布和时间系数演变与ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation)、西太平洋副热带高压、青藏高原雪盖等气候强迫信号之间的相关性更为显著。 相似文献
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海南乐东降水特征与干旱及人工增雨潜力分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用海南省乐东县境内的乐东站和莺歌海盐场气象站及所属5个单位气象站1977~2006年的地面观测资料,对东县降水特征与干旱进行分析;并根据气象学原理对乐东县人工增雨潜力进行了分析,为当地政府进行抗旱减灾,找出了科学依据。 相似文献
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Guofeng Zhu Dahe Qin Yuanfeng Liu Fenli Chen Pengfei Hu Dongdong Chen Kai Wang 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2017,129(1-2):353-362
Accurate, high-resolution precipitation data is important for hydrological applications and water resource management, particularly within mountainous areas about which data is presently scarce. The goal of the this study was to assess the accuracy of TRMM 3B43 precipitation data from the southwest monsoon region of China between 1998 and 2011 based on the correlation coefficients, regression, and geostatistical methods. We found a strong correlation between TRMM 3B43 data and observational data obtained from meteorological stations, but the TRMM 3B43 precipitation data was consistently lower than that obtained from the weather stations. The TRMM 3B43 data was significantly different from the data obtained by weather stations located in the northwest and northeast regions of the Hengduan Mountains. The spatial distribution of precipitation obtained from TRMM 3B43 was also different from meteorological data, but the deviation was predominantly distributed along the northern longitude and southern latitude. In addition, the TRMM data more accurately reflected the regional precipitation patterns. Our results indicate that the TRMM 3B43 data should be used for hydrological applications and water resource management at meteorological stations that have a sparse and uneven distribution of observation stations in the southwest monsoon region.
相似文献7.
太原地区灰霾天气特征及影响因子分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用2008~2012年太原常规地面气象观测资料、高空探测资料和大气污染物观测资料,对主要天气形势、典型气象要素以及空气污染状况下灰霾天气特征及形成机制进行了综合分析。结果表明:1)太原地区灰霾出现频率存在明显的季节变化,冬半年灰霾出现天数占全年的65.7%;一天中08:00(北京时间,下同)至13:00发生灰霾的频率较高。2)霾日静风频率较高,主导风向为偏东南风;重度灰霾天气出现时相对湿度较高。3)霾日的大气稳定度主要表现为稳定类;霾日平均混合层高度比非霾日低约100 m;08:00逆温出现次数高于20:00,霾时平均逆温强度和厚度高于非霾时。4)高压类型天气形势对灰霾的产生有重要影响,低压天气形势下较少出现灰霾天气。5)可吸入颗粒物、SO2和NO2浓度在非霾日比霾日分别下降32.6%、48.6%、21.7%;随着灰霾等级的增加,SO2和可吸入颗粒物的浓度有显著的增加。6)灰霾天气下到达地面的太阳辐射强度明显减弱,日照时数明显减少。 相似文献
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通过在野外观测基地和能见度计量检测实验室开展的前散式和透射式能见度仪对比观测试验,获取了能见度和其他气象与环境要素的同步观测数据,分析了不同大气环境条件下能见度测量值差异及其产生原因。结果表明：在能见度环境模拟舱内,两种能见度仪的测量值具有较好的一致性,但在自然环境中,两种能见度仪的测量值差异随能见度上升而快速增大。在不同天气现象出现时,前向散射仪与大气透射仪的测量值比值(VISFS/VIST)规律性变化明显,总体呈现随能见度上升而增大的趋势。无降水时,低湿情况下大气颗粒物吸收作用明显,透射能见度仪测量值远小于前散能见度仪测量值,两者均随PM2.5质量浓度的增加而下降,且其差异也随之减小;高湿情况下大气颗粒物的散射作用在大气消光中占绝对优势,两种能见度仪测量值趋近。 相似文献
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Abstract?This paper presents the results of measurements of the concentration of surface ozone and concurrent standard meteorological parameters: total solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity, pressure, wind speed, and vertical and horizontal components of the wind. The data were collected from 2005 to 2010 at stations located in central Poland (Mazowieckie voivodeship): Warszawa (urban), Legionowo (suburban), Granica and Belsk (rural). Furthermore, Granica is situated in the forested area of Kampinoski National Park. Continuously measured surface ozone concentrations demonstrated the well-known diurnal cycle of surface ozone concentration with a maximum in the afternoon and a minimum in the early morning hours. The averaged diurnal variations over six years reveal that the highest concentrations appear at rural stations (Belsk: 55?µg?m?3 and Granica: 50?µg?m?3) and the lowest at the urban station (Warszawa: 41?µg?m?3). The threshold for high levels of surface ozone (120?µg?m?3 per 8?h) was exceeded most often at Granica and Belsk. The occurrence of the ozone “weekend effect,” especially at urban stations, has been identified. The difference between weekend and weekday surface ozone concentrations at urban and rural stations was as high as 6.5?µg?m?3 and approximately 2?µg?m?3, respectively. Using appropriate statistical tools, it has been shown that meteorological conditions have a significant influence on ozone concentration. High correlation coefficients were found between ozone concentration and solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The forward stepwise regression model explains up to 75% of the variations in daily surface ozone concentration in terms of meteorological variability in summer and up to 70% in winter. At the same time, a multilayer perceptron neural network model was used to reconstruct the concentration of surface ozone. High correlation coefficients (up to 0.89) indicate that, on the basis of standard meteorological parameters and NO2 concentration, we can determine ozone concentration with high accuracy. 相似文献
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Summary The atmospheric concentrations of several primary species: NO, NO2, NOx, CO, SO2, reactive hydrocarbons (ROG) and other 15 atmospheric and meteorological variables have been measured at several locations in Córdoba city, Argentina since June 1995. The measurements are carried out using two mobile stations to cover several important areas of Córdoba. The objective of this work is to estimate the effects of meteorology and urban structure on the air quality levels for this city using simple statistics. We analyze the correlation between primary pollutants (CO and NOx) and site locations of the air quality monitoring stations (AQMS) during the whole 1995 field campaign. In this study we take the measured data for primary pollutants and group them by location and time of the year. The results of this work may be useful to forecast air pollution episodes. Also we can get indirect information about emissions and maybe identify source characteristics. Once the influences of topography, meteorology, and land use will be fully characterized, the existing monitoring data will be used to do air quality modeling analysis and to select monitoring locations. The use of mobile stations instead of stationary ones at this stage is justified because of limited funding. Therefore, it is a valid option to decide in the future the additional instrumentation required to characterize completely the atmospheric urban area.With 5 Figures 相似文献
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南京地区大气颗粒物影响近地面臭氧的个例研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对2008年4月2～7日南京地区地面气象观测数据以及两个站点空气质量(O3、NOx、PM10)监测资料的分析, 发现O3和PM10之间存在一定程度的反相关。利用一个光化学箱模式对该个例中大气颗粒物影响近地面臭氧的过程进行模拟, 结果发现大气颗粒物浓度的升高使得气溶胶光学厚度增加20％～40%, 导致NO2和O3近地面光解率下降20%～30%, OH和HO2自由基浓度分别减少20%～50%, 造成O3净生成率下降30%～40%。研究表明, 颗粒物对光化学过程的抑制造成了大气氧化能力的降低, 是近地面臭氧浓度减少的可能原因。 相似文献
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基于BP神经网络模型的广西月降水量降尺度预报 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
应用1961～1998年的山东省40个代表站夏季降水资料及NCAR/NCEP再分析月平均资料,分析了山东夏季降水的气候特征,并对旱涝年的大气环流异常进行了合成对比分析。结果表明:山东夏季降水整体表现为旱涝同步,降水分布呈现由东南向西北递减的趋势。涝年与旱年的环流形势存在明显的差异:涝年,贝加尔湖及其以西地区的位势高度降低,我国东部到日本海的位势高度明显升高。东亚大槽、乌拉尔山阻高、副热带高压位置及强度的变化对山东夏季降水有重要影响。有三支暖湿气流在山东上空交汇,为降水提供了充沛的水汽来源;而在旱年,上述环流特征呈现相反的形势。 相似文献
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为深入了解地面基础气象资料中存在的问题,进一步提高资料质量,综合利用国家级和省级气象资料部门存储的1951—2009年2474个国家级地面气象站观测的气温、气压、水汽压、相对湿度、风向、风速、降水量7种要素信息化基础数据,检测并分析了数据中存在的问题。结果显示:国家级和省级气象部门存储的资料中均存在大量与实际观测数据不符的信息化问题,包括资料的替代问题、要素数据类似缺测问题以及数据录入错误等;还存在国家级和省级气象部门保存的基准基本站资料不一致现象,包括资料序列长短不同、对外服务时提供自动还是人工观测数据不一致、更正不同步造成的数据不同等。该文针对上述资料问题给出了详细的检测方法及检测结果。为了确保数据的正确性,有必要在此次数据质量检测经验的基础上,对所有历史月报数据文件中的所有要素观测值进行彻底检测与更正。 相似文献
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利用常规观测资料、自动站资料和多普勒雷达资料等,对2009年7月14日大连暴雨局部大暴雨过程进行详细分析。结果表明：这是一次暖锋大暴雨过程,高空河套槽北抬和北支槽尾段相叠加,中低层在渤海北部到大连地区形成涡旋环流,700 hPa气旋式较大曲率处在地面暖锋上空,大连地区位于地面气旋顶部即暖锋顶部,造成强降水的产生。强湿区,配合暖锋前低层辐合中心、高层辐散中心,为暖锋大暴雨天气提供水汽和动力条件。从雷达回波分析可以看出,暖锋前部45dBz的β中尺度反射率及速度场上“单牛眼”特征,是造成此次暴雨过程及短时暴雨的直接原因。VWP资料分析表明,低层东南急流与高层西南急流形成切变层的高度以及两支急流的强度变化,与暖锋对应并决定降水的强弱。 相似文献
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本文利用观测和再分析资料,通过奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition, SVD)分析,发现北极涛动(Arctic Oscillation, AO)是显著影响中国夏季降水年际异常的前冬中高纬大气环流变异的主模态。AO在冬季发展成熟,在春季衰亡,在夏季发生位相反转。AO会导致华北、东北、长江中下游和华南夏季降水异常呈现三极型分布。伴随正位相的AO,在黄海至日本海上空的异常低压伴随的东北风异常引起华北和东北水汽通量异常辐散及降水减少,而西北太平洋的异常高压不仅增强其北侧的西南风水汽输送,和北部异常低压共同作用导致长江中下游水汽通量异常辐合及降水增加,而且使得华南水汽通量异常辐散,降水减少。因此,本文发现的前冬AO模态与我国夏季三极型异常降水分布的关系可为我国夏季旱涝预测提供一个重要的中高纬前期因子。 相似文献
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为了解成都市PM2.5污染特征及其与地面气象要素的关系,利用环境空气质量监测资料和地面气象观测资料,分析了PM2.5质量浓度的季节、月和日变化特征,并分不同空气质量等级分析空气质量与地面气象要素的关系。结果表明：PM2.5质量浓度具有明显的季节、月和日变化特征,且成都市区6个监测站的变化趋势比较一致;成都市相对湿度较大,地面风速较小,约62%的样本分布在相对湿度80%~100%,约85%的样本分布在地面风速0~2 m·s-1,地面风速对成都市PM2.5的水平输送、扩散、稀释不利;降水对PM2.5的清除量随PM2.5初始浓度、降雨持续时间和累积降雨量增加而增大。 相似文献
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A. M. Zvyagintsev 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2008,33(8):499-506
Two synoptic-statistical methods for forecasting daily maximum surface ozone concentrations are proposed based on the relations between surface ozone and meteorological variables in the Moscow region. The methods use current ozone measurements and forecasts of meteorological variables and of synoptic situation. Statistically, the methods provide better forecast results than climatic and persistence methods. Compared with the persistence forecast, the above methods reduce the variance of the forecast error from 1.5 to 2 times. The most significant predictors for forecasting daily maximum surface ozone concentration with lead times of one to three days for Moscow are the forecast time (Julian day of the year), prognostic temperature, relative humidity, indices of the meteorological pollution potential of the atmosphere (MPP), and surface ozone concentration observed on the previous day. The forecast efficiency is demonstrated using the 2006 observational data from the stations of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences-Moscow State University and Mosecomonitoring State Nature Protection Organization. 相似文献
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R. L. Raddatz R. J. Galley B. G. Else T. N. Papakyriakou M. G. Asplin L. M. Candlish 《大气与海洋》2014,52(2):125-141
The data-collection campaign for the 2008 International Polar Year–Circumpolar Flaw Lead System Study saw the Canadian Coast Guard Ship (CCGS) Amundsen, a research icebreaker, overwinter in high-concentration unconsolidated sea ice in Amundsen Gulf. Environmental monitoring continued into the open-water season. During this period, the Amundsen registered five relatively deep mean sea-level pressure minima (less than 100?kPa). Three were selected for further analysis based on season and the nature of the underlying ocean or sea-ice surface: (1) a winter pressure minimum over unconsolidated sea ice, (2) a spring pressure minimum which likely contributed to the break-up of the sea-ice cover on Amundsen Gulf, and (3) a summer pressure minimum over open water. The characteristics of these pressure minima and the impact of their passage on the atmospheric boundary layer and on the sea-ice cover as they crossed Amundsen Gulf were examined. Several features were revealed by the analysis. (1) The winter and summer pressure minima were migratory cyclones accompanied by Arctic frontal waves with characteristics very similar to the polar frontal waves associated with the migratory cyclones found at more southerly latitudes, whereas the spring pressure minimum was attributed to an Arctic frontal trough of low pressure with the cyclonic centre remaining south of the Gulf. (2) The passage of the frontal-wave cyclone in winter and the frontal trough of low pressure in spring disrupted the equilibrium that had been established during more settled periods between the atmospheric boundary layer and the mosaic surface (leads, polynyas, and sea ice); however, equilibrium was quickly re-established. (3) In summer, the thermal structure of the lower atmospheric boundary layer persisted through the passage of the frontal-wave cyclone over the open-water surface. (4) The passage of the frontal-wave cyclone in winter and the frontal trough of low pressure in spring modified the mesoscale sea-icescape. 相似文献
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利用常规气象观测资料以及环保监测数据,对2010年4月8日辽宁沙尘天气过程的高低空天气形势和主要气象要素进行了探讨,并对沈阳地区的空气污染状况进行了分析。结果表明：沙尘天气过程主要是受贝加尔湖地区东移的冷空气和蒙古低压的共同影响,强大的蒙古气旋造成的地面强变压导致地面风速加大,是形成沙尘天气的动力因子;沙尘天气来临前后,风速、能见度、湿度等发生急剧变化;在沙尘天气影响下,沈阳地区的PM10浓度迅速上升,而大风等有利的扩散条件,造成黑碳、气态污染物SO2和NO2浓度出现不同程度的下降。 相似文献