共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Q. Peishi Ph.D. S. Zhiguo Ph.D. L. Yunzhi 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2011,8(2):339-350
The viscous fluid boundary layer equations were adopted to characterize the velocity distribution across the vertical section of the oil slick on moving water. The velocity profile was found to be the combination of linear and parabolic distribution. A numerical model including spreading and dispersion was developed to describe the oil slick’s early movement in the open and ice-covered water. The flume test was conducted to determine the dispersion coefficients (Kx) and the effects of velocity and wave height on the slick’s dispersion were also investigated. In the open water, Kx increased from 4.34 cm2/s to 20.08 cm2/s as the velocity changed from 3 cm/s to 12 cm/s. Acoefficient β that characterized Kx fluctuated at 1.5 when wave heights were between 20 mm and 70 mm. Under ice, the slick didn’t move until the velocity exceeded 6 cm/s and Kx increased from 2.69 cm2/s to 5.64 cm2/s as the velocity changed from 6 cm/s to 12 cm/s. β remained 0.4 when wave heights were between 20 mm and 60 mm. The model performed very well in predicting the slick’s position and length during the gravitation-inertia phase for the two situations when relevant dispersion coefficients were input. 相似文献
2.
In the development of oil and gas reservoirs, the transport of miscible fluids in porous rocks is a key issue for oil and gas recovery. The simplified unidirectional flow model is employed to investigate the effects of the viscosity ratio on dispersion in semi-infinite homogenous media. The viscosity is supposed to be unsteady due to changing component concentration over time. In cases of both a viscosity ratio larger and less than 1, the pollutant concentration and flow velocity are computed at different initial conditions and viscosity ratios. The analytical solutions are then developed by introducing new variables and transforming the equation governing advection–diffusion equation in semi-infinite homogeneous media with a continuous source. A comparison of the numerical solution with the analytical solution revealed a similarity over 98%, highlighting the usability of the analytical solution. If the viscosity ratio is larger than 1, flow velocity declines exponentially and concentration attenuates with transporting time. In addition, the timescale plays a significant role and the effects become more prominent in long-term transport. In the case of a viscosity ratio less than 1, both the timescale and viscosity ratio variables have little influence on the changing speed of the concentration profile. This work helps to predict the position and the time required to reach the harmless pollutant concentration when monitoring fracturing fluids transportation into groundwater system and would be especially useful in designing and interpreting laboratory experiments studying the miscible flow. 相似文献
3.
A Fully Coupled Chemo-Poroelastic Analysis of Pore Pressure and Stress Distribution around a Wellbore in Water Active Rocks 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Water active rocks consist of minerals that hold water in their crystalline structure and in pore spaces. Free water from
drilling fluid can be attracted by the formation depending on the potential differences between pore space and drilling fluid.
The fluid movement into the formation or out of the formation can lead to a change in effective stress, thus causing wellbore
failures. In all previous studies it is found that the solute transport from or to the formation is primarily controlled by
diffusion process and the effect of advection on solute transfer is negligible for a range of very low permeable shale formations
(>10−5 mD). In this study a range of permeable shale formations (10−5 to 10−3 mD) commonly encountered in drilling oil and gas wells are considered to investigate the solute transfer between drilling
fluid and formation due to advection. For this purpose a finite element model of fully coupled chemo-hydro-mechanical processes
was developed. Results of this study revealed that the solute transfer between the drilling fluid and the shale formation
is controlled primarily by permeability of the shale formations. For the range of shale formations studied here, there exists
a threshold permeability below which the solute transfer is dominated by diffusion process and above which by fluid in motion
(fluid flow). Results from the numerical experiments have shown that when the permeability of shales is greater than this
threshold permeability, the chemical potential gradient between the pore fluid and drilling fluid reaches equilibrium faster
than that when the permeability of shales is below this threshold value. Also it has been found that when advection is taken
into account, effective radial and tangential stresses decrease around the wellbore, particularly near the wellbore wall where
the solute concentration has reached near equilibrium. 相似文献
4.
定量研究污染物在地下水中的运移过程通常采用数值模拟方法。MT3D是一套基于有限差分方法的污染物运移模拟软件，近年来在国外水文地质和水环境模拟等领域的研究中已经得到较为广泛的认可。MT3D比较全面地考虑了污染物在地下水中的对流、弥散和化学反应等过程，可以灵活处理各种复杂的源汇项和边界条件，能够准确模拟承压、无压和越流含水层中的污染物运移过程。MT3D具有模块化的程序结构、灵活的求解方法以及全面的模拟功能，非常适合实际问题的研究，值得在国内推广使用。 相似文献
5.
Yagoub M. M. Alsereidi Aishah A. Mohamed Elfadil A. Periyasamy Punitha Alameri Reem Aldarmaki Salama Alhashmi Yaqein 《Natural Hazards》2020,100(1):111-132
Prediction and control of blast-induced ground vibration is a matter of concern in mining industry since long. Several approaches ranging from scaled distance regression, different numerical methods to wave superimposition theories have been tried by many researchers for better prediction and control of blast-induced ground vibration. Signature hole analysis is one of the popular simulation methods to predict the ground vibration generated due to production blast. It superimposes the recorded signature hole waveform using a computer program to predict the production blast-induced vibration. The technique inputs the designated time of detonation of each hole and superimposes the waves generated by each hole to predict the nearest value of peak particle velocity and frequency of blast-induced ground vibration. Although a very useful approach, it requires a computer program to simulate the linear superimposition of waveforms. The simulation is not possible for every blast as it takes time and also is difficult for field engineers to simulate every time, whereas it is always easy for blasting engineers to adapt and use an empirical equation/approach for prediction and control of blast-induced ground vibration than simulation. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop an innovative and simplified analytical approach of signature hole analysis. The simplified sinusoidal wave equation is obtained from recorded signature hole ground vibration waveform properties and is superimposed mathematically according to the multi-hole blast design to predict the production blast-induced ground vibrations. The validation of the developed approach was done in three different sites, and up to 15% more accuracy in prediction of the blast, vibrations are achieved in comparison with signature hole analysis prediction.
相似文献6.
For exploring the distribution of oil slick related to gas hydrate or petroleum in the northern part of South China Sea and evaluating the potential of ENVI/ASAR radar data for detecting oil slick, this paper tries to detect the oil slick on ocean surface of some potential areas in South China Sea and map oil slick from anomaly area in radar image. Seven surface oil slicks in Qiongdongnan Basin and four potential targets of oil slicks in Taixi–Dongsha Basin were detected and extracted by using ENIV/ASAR data. The anomalies of the radar image representing oil slick are validated by in-site sampling and laboratory analyzing. The Gas Chromatograph (GC) results of the extracted oil from the water samples gathered from the sites of detected oil slick demonstrate a typical composition of oil rather than that of ocean microbial origins, and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) concentrations in two designed vertical profiles keep steady in different depths, showing that the organic contents in water column are steady from the deep area to ocean surface. These results suggest the detected oil slick is a thin floating oil rather than a thick spill. Influencing factors to the results of oil slick detection including wind speed, current, small islands and capes as well as deep-sea petroleum reservoirs are discussed. The results in this study exhibit that extracting the anomaly signals related to oil slick related to oil/gas seeps using image processing techniques from ENVI/ASAR data is helpful to predict anomaly areas as potential targets for further exploration in this area. 相似文献
7.
8.
ZHENHUA JIANG 《Sedimentology》1995,42(6):935-945
A new model, which couples fluid and particle dynamics, has been developed to study the motion of the sediment-water mixture during intense bedload transport, including the velocity profiles of both sediment and water, the roughness length of an upper plane bed and the thickness of moving sediment layers. Standard mixing length theory is used to model the motion of water above the boundary between the overlying water and the sediment-water mixture. The turbulent flow within the moving sediment layers is described by a shear stress model, in which the effective viscosity of the flowing water is proportional to the velocity difference between the fluid and the sediment. The particle dynamics method, in which the equations of motion of each of many particles are solved directly, is applied to model the movement of sediment particles. The particle-fluid interaction is expressed by a velocity-squared fluid drag force exerted on each sediment particle. Both computer simulation results and theoretical analysis have shown that the velocities of both sediment and fluid during intense sediment transport decrease exponentially with depth in the top layers of a fast-moving sediment—water mixture. The thickness of the moving sediment layers, obtained from the computer simulation results, is proportional to the shear stress, which agrees with previous experimental observations. 相似文献
9.
A new numerical technique called the convolution-based particle tracking (CBPT) method is developed to simulate resident or flux-averaged solute concentrations in groundwater models. The method is valid for steady-state flow and linear transport processes such as sorption with a linear sorption isotherm and first-order decay. The CBPT method uses particle tracking to take advantage of the ability of particle-based approaches to maintain sharp fronts for advection-dominated transport problems common in groundwater modeling and because of the flexibility of the random walk method to simulate a wide range of possible forms of the dispersion tensor. Furthermore, the algorithm for carrying out the convolution and superposition calculation from particle tracking results is very efficient. We show that from a single particle tracking run, source term variability, sorption, and decay can all be simulated rapidly without rerunning the underlying transport model unless the flow field or dispersion parameters are changed. A series of verification simulations are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the CBPT method compared to more conventional particle tracking approaches. 相似文献
10.
11.
随着黏度较大的油藏陆续投入开发,油藏黏性对储层砂岩力学特性的影响研究意义重大。基于柱坐标系建立射孔试验的三维颗粒流数值模型,考虑不同黏性的流体运动对砂岩力学响应的影响,反映油井的出砂过程。砂岩的宏观应力曲线说明流速相同时,随着黏滞系数的增大,切向应力和偏应力均增大,使得砂岩剪切破坏的几率增大,砂岩更容易屈服破坏而出砂。另外,砂岩黏结应力图说明油井附近的应力较大,且随着黏滞系数增大,黏结张拉应力的增大是局部的,而剪应力的增大是全局的,且变化趋势更明显;颗粒的旋转也说明随着流体黏性的增大,颗粒旋转增大,砂岩形成离散颗粒而出砂的几率增大。上述结果与实际开采中的砂岩力学响应吻合,说明了在相同的外界条件下,黏性越大的流体运动对砂岩受力的影响越大,出砂越明显,该成果对不同黏性的油藏开采采用有效的防砂方法提供了重要的科学依据。 相似文献
12.
水下爆破是一个复杂的、非线性的动态能量释放过程,其涉及到的影响因素众多。为了充分利用少量的实测数据,较准确地预测水下爆破质点峰值振动速度,引入灰色关联分析理论,并结合遗传神经网络较强的非线性映射优势和全局化的搜索能力,建立基于灰色关联分析的遗传神经网络模型(GRA-GA-BP)。该模型利用灰色关联分析理论,充分挖掘小样本潜在信息特征,较合理地确定了影响爆破振动速度的主要因素,解决了神经网络在多变量复杂系统中输入变量无法自动寻优的难题,从而增强了神经网络的适应能力和稳定性。采用该模型对广东台山核电站1期工程大襟岛水下爆破开挖质点峰值振动速度进行预测,并与传统的遗传神经网络及萨道夫斯基公式预测结果进行对比,发现GRA-GA-BP模型的预测值与实测值吻合更好,预测误差更稳定。研究方法可为小样本、多因素影响下类似工程质点峰值振动速度预测提供借鉴。 相似文献
13.
Understanding particle transport in porous media is critical in the sustainability of many geotechnical and geoenvironmental infrastructure. To date, the determination of the first-order rate coefficients in the advection–dispersion equation for simulating attachment and detachment of particles in saturated porous media typically has been relied on the result of laboratory-scale experiments. However, to determine attachment and detachment coefficients under varied hydraulic and geochemical variables, this method requires a large experimental matrix because each test provides only one set of attachment and detachment coefficients. The work performed in this study developed a framework to upscale the results obtained in pore-scale modeling to the continuum scale through the use of a pore network model. The developed pore network model incorporated variables of mean particle size, the standard deviation of particle size distribution, and interparticle forces between particles and sand grains. The obtained retention profiles using the pore network model were converted into attachment coefficients in the advection–dispersion equation for long-term and large-scale simulation. Additionally, by tracking individual particles during and after the simulation, the pore network model introduced in this study can also be employed for modeling the clogging phenomenon, as well as fundamental investigation of the impact of particle size distribution on particle retention in the sand medium.
相似文献14.
为揭示均匀推移质颗粒对流和扩散特性的控制因素,建立了间歇郎之万方程模型。该模型可在单颗粒尺度充分考虑颗粒的受力特性,模拟颗粒随机、间歇运动过程。通过该模型引入不同的停时分布,对模拟的大量单颗粒运动过程进行统计,从而研究均匀颗粒在大的时空尺度上的对流和扩散特征。结果表明,对于均匀颗粒,受颗粒速度分布的窄尾性限制,即便单步步长是长尾分布,也不一定产生超扩散,扩散特性由停时分布的尾部特征决定,不同分布的停时可导致欠扩散、超扩散和正常扩散。进一步与已有的、复杂程度不同的随机模型进行对比,表明忽略单步时间将影响颗粒的扩散(二阶)特性,但不影响颗粒的对流(一阶)特性,类似地可以推广到更普遍规律,即所研究随机发生的统计矩阶数越高,需要的模型越复杂。 相似文献
15.
Okechukwu E. Agbasi Magnus U. Igboekwe Godwill U. Chukwu Etuk E. Sunday 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(11):274
Quantitative rock physics analyses were used to determine the lithology and pore fluid of a reservoir in the Niger Delta. Inaccurate prediction of lithology and pore fluid results in the inaccurate determination of other petrophysical properties and parameters such as porosity, permeability, and net pay. This research is to predict lithology and pore fluid using rock physics analysis. However, reservoir zones were also predicted. Density, compressional wave velocity, and shear wave velocity logs were used as input to calculate elastic parameters such as velocity ratio, Poisson’s ratio, and bulk modulus. The calculated velocity ratio log was used to differentiate between sand and shale. Poisson’s ratio and velocity ratio using Goodway interpretation template were carried out and used to delineate pore fluid content, gas sand, oil sand, and sandstone formation from crossplot analysis. 相似文献
16.
Non-dimensional solutions to the equations for the combined advective and diffusive one-dimensional transport of heat and solute in a layer are derived for fixed temperature/concentration on the boundaries and initial conditions of a linear gradient across the layer or a step function at the lower boundary. The solutions allow distinction of regimes in which advective or diffusive transport of either heat or solute predominate as a function of fluid flux, time and a length scale. The much lower diffusive coefficients for solute than heat results in a significant range of length scales and fluid flux rates characterised by advection of matter and diffusion of heat. The advective velocity of a component is a function of its fluid:rock partition coefficient. The most rapidly transported tracers which partition largely into the fluid phase, such as He, will travel orders of magnitude faster than heat or compatible solutes such as oxygen. Geochemical profiles in boundary layer regions where both advective and diffusive transport are significant are shown to be particularly informative as to properties of the rocks related to fluid flow such as porosity, permeability, time scales and fluid flux rates. The importance of advection can be directly estimated from the asymmetry of the geochemical profiles across individual layers. 相似文献
17.
18.
Azadeh Agah Faramarz Doulati Ardejani Hossein Ghoreishi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(6):1933-1944
This paper presents a two-dimensional finite volume model to predict multi-species reactive transport processes in the saturated zone of a simulated semi-confined aquifer. A multipurpose commercial software called PHOENICS was used to solve model equations numerically. Capability of the present model was first confirmed using experimental data and the results obtained by a published one-dimensional finite element reactive transport model by other researchers taking different scenarios into consideration. The model was then expanded to a two-dimensional case to simulate reactive transport of BTX compounds with discontinuous source in the saturated zone of the groundwater flow system. In addition to the physical transport processes, the two-dimensional model also incorporates linear and nonlinear adsorption isotherms, first order and Monod kinetics. The two-dimensional model considers both static and dynamics modes into account. The results show that considering chemical reactions during reactive transport of contaminants could successfully predict the contaminated zone. The results of such studies can be used for monitoring of contaminated areas, designing methods to control pollution transport, and minimize its harmful effects on aquifer systems. 相似文献
19.
Potential hazard analysis from the viewpoint of flow measurement in large open-channel junctions 总被引：7，自引：7，他引：0
A robust and reliable risk assessment procedure for hydrological hazards deserves attention. The transport of mixed material
in the types of hazard, such as flash floods and debris flows, plays an important role and should be taken into consideration.
At present, however, the mixed material transport phenomenon is not systematically and simply included in the procedures for
the elaboration of hazard analysis. The consequence is the risk of losing prediction accuracy and of underestimating hazard
impacts. The phenomenon of open-channel junction flow such as in irrigation ditches and at wastewater treatment facilities
is an important aspect of hydrological engineering. Extensive experimental studies of the flow characteristics have been conducted.
In this study, an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter is used to monitor the flow in large open-channel junctions at the Chihtan
purification plant in Taipei. The condition of the experiment is made up of different discharge. The result of the measurement
data shows that the mean velocity profile, aspect ratio, measured vertical line location and the ratio of the distance of
the vertical line maximum velocity from the bed to water depth. An artificial neural network (ANN) is used to simulate the
mean velocity profiles in this study. The results show that the ANN can accurately and reliably simulate the mean velocity
profiles. The result is believed to provide hints for the consideration of the effects, induced by mixed material transport,
in the elaboration of hazard analysis. 相似文献
20.
A non‐equilibrium sorption—advection—diffusion model to simulate miscible pollutant transport in saturated–unsaturated soils is presented. The governing phenomena modelled in the present simulation are: convection, molecular diffusion, mechanical dispersion, sorption, immobile water effect and degradation, including both physical and chemical non‐equilibrium processes. A finite element procedure, based on the characteristic Galerkin method with an implicit algorithm is developed to numerically solve the model equations. The implicit algorithm is formulated by means of a combination of both the precise and the traditional numerical integration procedures. The stability analysis of the algorithm shows that the unconditional stability of the present implicit algorithm is enhanced as compared with that of the traditional implicit numerical integration procedure. The numerical results illustrate good performance of the present algorithm in stability and accuracy, and in simulating the effects of all the mentioned phenomena governing the contaminant transport and the concentration distribution. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献