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1.
后石湖山杂岩体是与垮塌破火山口有关的碱性环状杂岩体, 主要由呈环形分布的碱性火山岩、环状岩墙(斑状石英正长岩)、嵌套的中心复式岩株(晶洞碱长花岗岩和斑状碱长花岗岩)和锥状岩席(石英正长斑岩和花岗斑岩)组成.LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年代学分析表明, 斑状石英正长岩环状岩墙、石英正长斑岩和花岗斑岩锥状岩席的侵位年龄分别为119±3Ma、121±2Ma和121±2Ma.该环状杂岩体火山岩与侵入岩的形成年龄相近, 体现了它作为火山-侵入杂岩体的特征.斑状石英正长岩富碱(Na2O+K2O=10.0%~10.5%), K2O含量较高(5.21%~5.42%), 具正的Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=1.05~1.40).碱长花岗岩和斑岩均具有富碱、高FeOtot/MgO、Ga/Al、Zr、Nb和REE值(Eu除外), 以及低Al2O3、CaO、MgO、Ba、Sr和Eu含量的特征, 都属于A型花岗岩质岩石.其中斑岩为铝质A型花岗岩, 具有高的初始岩浆温度(880~901℃).所有A型花岗质岩石均具有较富集的Nd同位素组成, εNd(t)值变化于-13.9~-12.2之间.斑状石英正长岩是下地壳中-基性麻粒岩和片麻岩部分熔融产生的熔体与幔源玄武质岩浆混合, 后又发生单斜辉石分离结晶的产物; 碱长花岗岩源于上地壳长英质岩石部分熔融产生的熔体与幔源玄武质岩浆混合, 随后经历长石的分离结晶作用而成; 斑岩是受幔源岩浆底侵加热的上地壳长英质岩石的部分熔融产生的熔体, 并经历了长石的分离结晶作用而产生.该环状杂岩体的形成过程可以概括为: (1)火山爆炸性喷发形成大量的碱性火山熔岩和火山碎屑岩; (2)地下岩浆房空虚导致压力下降, 其顶板围岩失稳而沿火山口周围近直立的环状断裂垮塌, 形成塌陷的破火山口.与此同时, 下覆岩浆房的岩浆被动挤入环状断裂而形成斑状石英正长岩环状岩墙; (3)浅部地壳的长英质岩浆房过压, 促使其高温过碱质A型花岗质岩浆上升侵位形成了中心的斑状碱长花岗岩岩株, 这些岩浆的上涌导致上覆围岩产生倾角中-陡的、内倾的锥状裂隙, 为石英正长斑岩锥状岩席侵位提供了空间; (4)浅部岩浆房复活, 高温过碱质A型花岗质岩浆再度上升侵位形成被嵌套的晶洞碱长花岗岩岩株.同样, 这种岩浆的再度上侵导致上覆围岩产生了倾角较陡而内倾的锥状裂隙, 为花岗斑岩锥状岩席提供了侵位空间.后石湖山碱性环状杂岩体的形成是华北东部早白垩世与克拉通破坏相关的伸展构造体制下的产物, 这种构造体制可能与古太平洋板块的俯冲作用有关. 相似文献
2.
以沙坪沟钼矿主要的赋矿岩石——石英正长岩和花岗斑岩为对象,通过对比不同蚀变强度岩石的岩相学、岩石地球化学和同位素特征,研究该矿床的钾质交代作用-矿化特征,探讨不同热液蚀变的元素组合、蚀变过程中的元素迁移和Sr-Nd同位素的变化及其成因、不同蚀变的物理化学条件差异及其与矿化的关系,进而揭示蚀变-成矿热液流体的特征和起源。研究表明,石英正长岩和花岗斑岩的地球化学特征总体相似,显示其属同源岩浆演化产物,二者均受到钾质蚀变,但蚀变强度相差较大。钾质蚀变岩石的化学成分表现为高K_2O、Rb和低Na_2O、CaO、Sr、Ba,不同蚀变强度的岩石Rb/Sr和Sr同位素组成差别较大,花岗斑岩样品数据更显离散,甚至出现异常低的锶同位素初始值,表明热液蚀变强烈改造了Rb-Sr同位素体系,而Sm-Nd体系基本保持稳定。这一现象在东秦岭-大别钼矿带中典型的斑岩钼矿床也有出现,显示该成矿带具有相似的蚀变类型、热液起源和演化特征。而且钾长石化后期至黄铁云(绢)英岩化阶段也是最主要的钼成矿期,表明这期间流体系统pH值的降低致使Mo元素从流体中沉淀成矿。对比斑岩铜、铜-钼矿床和钼矿床的蚀变特征及其过程中元素和同位素的变化可以发现,这3种矿床均发育碱质交代作用,但蚀变强度、热液的Rb-Sr分异程度及其对原岩的改造程度存在较大差异,这暗示了各自特有的成岩、成矿物质和流体来源及大地构造背景。 相似文献
3.
Mixed Caledonian appinite magmas: implications for lamprophyre fractionation and high Ba-Sr granite genesis 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
Ach'Uaine Hybrid appinites represent a rare example of lamprophyric magmas that were demonstrably exactly contemporaneous
with felsic differentiates, preserved within a suite of minor, hypabyssal intrusions emplaced at the end of the Caledonian
orogeny in northern Scotland. Numerous small stocks, bosses and dykes show outcrop-scale relationships characteristic of mingling
between lamprophyric and syenitic magmas, and are commonly cut by sharp-sided granite veins. The mafic rocks are characterised
by Ni and Cr abundances and MgO sufficiently high to signal derivation from a mantle source within which radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr and nonradiogenic 143Nd/144Nd ratios require significant time-integrated incompatible element enrichment. This is manifest in high Ba, Sr and light REE
abundances and incompatible element ratios in the derived magmas directly comparable with those of high Ba-Sr granitoids and
related rocks. Quantitative major element, trace element, radiogenic and stable isotope modelling is consistent with early
fractionation of clinopyroxene and biotite, accompanied by minor crustal assimilation, having driven the evolving lamprophyric
magma to cogenetic syenite. Subsequent derivation of granite required a major change to feldspar-dominated crystal fractionation
with continued, still minor contamination. The elemental and isotopic characteristics of the granitic terminus are so similar
to high Ba-Sr granitoids both locally and worldwide, that these too may have had large mantle components and represent significant
juvenile additions to the crust.
Received: 26 September 1995 / Accepted: 5 June 1996 相似文献
4.
苦子干碱性杂岩体是塔什库尔干新生代碱性岩带的主要组成之一,主要由霓辉正长岩、石英霓辉正长岩和碱性花岗岩组成。霓辉正长岩、石英霓辉正长岩和碱性花岗岩的SiO2含量差别较大,分别为50．26％～54．11％、59．74％～60．43oA、69．59％～72．13％;霓辉正长岩与石英霓辉正长岩的里特曼指数相近,分别为7．83～10．97、8．51～9．05,明显不同于碱性花岗岩（2．49～3．71）。这3种碱性岩石都表现出富集轻稀土,以及K、Rb、Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素（HFSE）的特征。其中异常高的Sr、Ba和∑REE含量暗示可能还有富集地幔物质的加入。利用原位锆石LA—ICP—MS同位素测试方法,获得石英霓辉正长岩和碱性花岗岩的锆石U—Pb年龄分别为10．9±0．1Ma和11．9土0．4Ma,代表了岩石的结晶年龄;石英霓辉正长岩锆石εHf（t）值为-9．78～3．24,碱性花岗岩中锆石εHf（t）值为-13．54～5．78,均显示岩浆源区具有壳幔混合的特点。依据这些资料,并结合区域地质研究的综合分析,笔者初步提出西昆仑塔什库尔干苦子干碱性杂岩体的形成是由于青藏高原在～25Ma期间主体拆沉作用发生后,造成软流圈物质向北逃逸,并受到北面塔里木克拉通岩石圈山根阻挡而上涌,进而发生壳幔混合作用的产物。因此,该杂岩体是青藏高原大规模拆沉后浆活动的远程效应,且标志着研究区在～11Ma期间已处于伸展构造背景。 相似文献
5.
赣东北前寒武纪岩浆混合作用岩带的发现及其地质意义 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在总结新近发现的赣北前寒武纪岩浆混合岩带地质特征的基础上,从地质学、岩相学和同位素地球化学的角度,论证了发生于这一特殊地质时期和地质背景下的岩浆混合作用。文中将该作用形成的岩浆混合杂岩体有效地分解为：（１） 偏酸性端员的岩浆岩（ 角闪石英正长岩、石英正长岩） ;（２） 基性端员岩浆岩（ 玄武玢岩、玄武安山玢岩） 和（３） 岩浆混合岩,后者又可分为非均一岩浆混合岩和均一岩浆混合岩（ 如石英二长闪长岩） 。阐明该岩浆混合作用是新元古期我国东南地区江南古洋向扬子古陆俯冲消减这一构造演化的重要物质表现;示踪该地区于中元古期（１４８ ～１８５ Ｇａ） 经历了一次与全球范围一致的壳 幔分离事件和新元古期（０８５ Ｇａ） 亏损地幔与大洋沉积物在源区混合的事件;确认该地区前寒武纪的岩浆混合作用和岩浆侵入作用实际上是一个连续的岩浆作用序列,并且两者受近南北向挤压的同一应力场条件所制约 相似文献
6.
西南天山二叠纪中酸性侵入岩的地质学和地球化学：岩石成因和构造背景 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
选择3个典型岩体,即位于西南天山东段的拜城县英买来岩体和位于西段阔克萨岭区的川乌鲁岩体、巴雷公岩体（为了对比,也选择了位于塔里木盆地西北缘的麻扎山岩体）,进行了岩石学和地球化学研究。结果表明,这些岩体具有不同的特点。英买来岩体为黑云母花岗岩和二云母花岗岩,具有高的SiO2含量,弱过铝,高的Sr同位素初始值（约0.710）和负的εNd(t)值（-4～-6）,属于S—A型之间的过渡类型。麻扎山岩体由正长岩组成,属于碱性岩,微量元素标准化图解和其他岩体明显不同的是没有明显的Nb和Ta的负异常。川乌鲁岩体是一个由3个不同期次岩石组成的杂岩体,主体为正长岩-二长岩,地球化学特征显示是由基性岩浆和酸性岩浆不同程度混合形成的。位于同一构造区的巴雷公岩体则与川乌鲁岩体中的花岗斑岩的地球化学特征相似。综合岩石学和地球化学特征推测,南天山东段的英买来岩体是地壳熔融的结果,没有任何地幔物质加入的地球化学信息,西段的阔克萨岭地区酸性岩浆的形成则可能是来自于幔源底侵的基性岩浆导致薄的地壳发生熔融的结果。麻扎山岩体则完全是不同构造背景的产物,有可能与发生在塔里木盆地的二叠纪大规模的岩浆活动有关。因此,二叠纪岩浆活动的性质主要受地壳成分和结构的控制。 相似文献
7.
塔里木二叠纪基性-中性-酸性岩浆岩的年代学及其地质意义 总被引：13，自引：9，他引：4
塔里木西部柯坪地区出露的早二叠纪玄武岩与盆地内其他地区广泛分布的玄武岩共同构成一个面积约0.25Mkm2的溢流玄武岩省。巴楚地区出露的早二叠纪辉绿岩、正长岩、石英正长岩与石英正长斑岩等多种岩浆岩构成了连续的基性-中性-酸性岩浆序列。野外露头观察表明,巴楚麻扎尔塔格地区的基性-中性-酸性岩浆岩为近同时侵位。柯坪塔格开派兹雷克组顶部层位玄武岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为279.0±4.5Ma, 该年龄值可限定该区二叠纪溢流玄武岩喷发的最晚时限。巴楚麻扎尔塔格石英正长斑岩脉的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为273.0±3.7Ma, 与前人测定的巴楚辉绿岩脉和正长岩的锆石年龄在误差范围内一致,表明巴楚地区的基性-中性-酸性岩浆岩为近同时侵位,时间在275Ma左右。综合已发表的塔里木二叠纪岩浆岩高精度年代数据,本文提出：整个塔里木大火成岩省岩浆作用的持续时间约为20Myrs; 291~287Ma喷发的巨量溢流玄武岩可能构成塔里木大火成岩省的主体,是地幔柱头部熔融的直接产物; 283~272Ma侵位的巴楚、一间房和塔北地区的其它类型岩浆岩体积较小,为塔里木大火成岩省晚期岩浆作用的产物。 相似文献
8.
Pavla Kováříková Wolfgang Siebel Emil Jelínek Miroslav Štemprok Václav Kachlík František V. Holub Vratislav Blecha 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2010,99(3):545-565
Mafic and intermediate intrusions occur in the Slavkovsky les as dykes, sills and minor tabular bodies emplaced in metamorphic
rocks or enclosed in late Variscan granites near the SW contact of the Western Krušné hory/Erzgebirge granite pluton. They
are similar in composition and textures to the redwitzites defined in NE Bavaria. Single zircon Pb-evaporation analyses constrain
the age of a quartz monzodiorite at 323.4 ± 4.4 Ma and of a granodiorite at 326.1 ± 5.6 Ma. The P–T range of magma crystallization is estimated at ~1.4–2.2 kbar and ~730–870°C and it accords with a shallow intrusion level
of late Variscan granites but provides lower crystallization temperatures compared to the Bavarian redwitzites. We explain
the heterogeneous composition of dioritic intrusions in the Slavkovsky les by mixing between mafic and felsic magmas with
a minor effect of fractional crystallization. Increased K, Ba, Rb, Sr and REE contents compared to tholeiitic basalts suggest
that the parental mafic magma was probably produced by melting of a metasomatised mantle, the melts being close to lamprophyre
or alkali basalt composition. Diorites and granodiorites originated from mixed magmas derived by addition of about 25–35 and
50 vol.%, respectively, of the acid end-member (granite) to lamprophyre or alkali-basalt magma. Our data stress an important
role of mafic magmas in the origin of late Variscan granitoids in NW Bohemian Massif and emphasize the effect of mantle metasomatism
on the origin of K-rich mafic igneous rocks. 相似文献
9.
10.
Peralkaline syenite and granite dykes cut the Straumsvola nepheline syenite pluton in Western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. The average peralkalinity index (PI?=?molecular Al/[Na?+?K]) of the dykes is 1.20 (n?=?29) and manifests itself in the presence of the Zr silicates eudialyte, dalyite and vlasovite, and the Na–Ti silicate, narsarsukite. The dykes appear to have intruded during slow cooling of the nepheline syenite pluton, and the petrogenetic relationship of the dykes and the pluton cannot be related to closed-system processes at low pressure, given the thermal divide that exists between silica-undersaturated and oversaturated magmas. Major and trace element variations in the dykes are consistent with a combination of fractional crystallization of parental peralkaline magma of quartz trachyte composition, and internal mineral segregation prior to final solidification. The distribution of accessory minerals is consistent with late-stage crystallization of isolated melt pockets. The dykes give an Rb–Sr isochron age of 171?±?4.4 Ma, with variable initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio (0.7075?±?0.0032), and have an average ε Nd of ? 12.0. Quartz phenocrysts have δ18O values of 8.4–9.2‰, which are generally in O-isotope equilibrium with bulk rock. Differences in the δ18O values of quartz and aegirine (average Δquartz?aegirine = 3.5‰) suggest aegirine formation temperatures around 500 °C, lower than expected for a felsic magma, but consistent with poikilitic aegirine that indicates subsolidus growth. The negative ε Nd (< ? 10) and magma δ18O values averaging 8.6‰ (assuming Δquartz?magma = 0.6‰) are inconsistent with a magma produced by closed-system fractional crystallization of a mantle-derived magma. By contrast, the nepheline syenite magma had mantle-like δ18O values and much less negative ε Nd (average ??3.1, n?=?3). The country rock has similar δ18O values to the granite dykes (average 8.0‰, n?=?108); this means that models for the petrogenesis of the granites by assimilation are unfeasible, unless an unexposed high-δ18O contaminant is invoked. Instead, it is proposed that the peralkaline syenite and granite dykes formed by partial melting of alkali-metasomatised gneiss that surrounds the nepheline syenite, followed by fractional crystallization. 相似文献
11.
Volcanic rocks of the Latir volcanic field evolved in an open system by crystal fractionation, magma mixing, and crustal assimilation. Early high-SiO2 rhyolites (28.5 Ma) fractionated from intermediate compositionmagmas that did not reach the surface. Most precaldera lavas have intermediate-compositions, from olivine basaltic-andesite (53% SiO2) to quartz latite (67% SiO2). The precaldera intermediate-composition lavas have anomalously high Ni and MgO contents and reversely zoned hornblende and augite phenocrysts, indicating mixing between primitive basalts and fractionated magmas. Isotopic data indicate that all of the intermediate-composition rocks studied contain large crustal components, although xenocrysts are found only in one unit. Inception of alkaline magmatism (alkalic dacite to high-SiO2 peralkaline rhyolite) correlates with, initiation of regional extension approximately 26 Ma ago. The Questa caldera formed 26.5 Ma ago upon eruption of the >500 km3 high-SiO2 peralkaline Amalia Tuff. Phenocryst compositions preserved in the cogenetic peralkaline granite suggest that the Amalia Tuff magma initially formed from a trace element-enriched, high-alkali metaluminous magma; isotopic data suggest that the parental magmas contain a large crustal component. Degassing of water- and halogen-rich alkali basalts may have provided sufficient volatile transport of alkalis and other elements into the overlying silicic magma chamber to drive the Amalia Tuff magma to peralkaline compositions. Trace element variations within the Amalia Tuff itself may be explained solely by 75% crystal fractionation of the observed phenocrysts. Crystal settling, however, is inconsistent with mineralogical variations in the tuff, and crystallization is thought to have occurred at a level below that tapped by the eruption. Spatially associated Miocene (15-11 Ma) lavas did not assimilate large amounts of crust or mix with primitive basaltic magmas. Both mixing and crustal assimilation processes appear to require development of relatively large magma chambers in the crust that are sustained by large basalt fluxes from the mantle. The lack of extensive crustal contamination and mixing in the Miocene lavas may be related to a decreased basalt flux or initiation of blockfaulting that prevented pooling of basaltic magma in the crust. 相似文献
12.
岩浆混合作用的类型、标志、机制、模式及其与成矿的关系——以新疆北部为例 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
新疆北部广泛发育具有岩浆混合特征的岩体,岩体类型主要有钙碱性花岗岩、碱长花岗岩和碱性花岗岩,其中以第一类最为发育;岩体中的暗色包体类型以闪长质为主,成分可从闪长岩、石英闪长岩、石英二长闪长岩,过渡到花岗闪长岩,部分地区可发育辉长质、安山玄武质、安山玢岩质包体;有些地区还发育有岩浆混合岩.该区岩浆混合作用主要形成于四个大地构造演化阶段,即D3-C1交界的洋-陆俯冲期、C1末-C2初的碰撞期、C2-P的后碰撞期和T1的板内期.岩浆混合作用的判别标志有岩体宏观标志(近等轴状)、野外宏观标志(暗色微粒包体发育,有时可见岩浆混合岩)、显微标志(淬冷和矿物不平衡结构)、岩石地球化学标志(线性过渡特征)、年龄(一致)标志等.该区的岩浆混合作用是多级次的,其深部岩浆源区的混合表现为壳幔相互混合作用;混合作用表现出多阶段性,以基性岩浆注入到酸性岩浆为主要方式,由物理混合到化学混合渐变过渡.该区岩浆混合作用与斑岩铜钼金矿床密切相关,其成矿关系模式可概括为:基性岩浆与花岗质岩浆混合产生混合岩浆,经过进一步分异演化形成了含矿岩浆;与岩浆混合作用有关的斑岩铜钼矿的找矿标志为:岩浆混合作用强烈的大岩体内或附近晚期补充侵入的小型斑岩体具有找矿潜力. 相似文献
13.
Junxing ZHAO Kezhang QIN Guangming LI Jinxiang LI Bo XIAO Lei CHEN 《Resource Geology》2012,62(1):84-98
The Sharang porphyry Mo deposit is the first discovered Mo porphyry‐type deposit in the Gangdese Metallogenic Belt. The orebody is hosted by the Eocene multi‐stage composite intrusive complex which is emplaced in the Upper Permian Mengla Formation and cut by the Miocene dykes. Granite porphyry is recognized as the ore‐bearing porphyry in the complex, which consists of quartz diorite, quartz monzonite, granite, prophyritic granite and post‐mineral lamprophyre. Granodiorite porphyry and dacite porphyry intrude the granite porphyry. Geochemical data indicate that Sharang complex has a High‐K calc‐alkalinc to shoshonitic, metaluminous to slightly peraluminous composition. The Sharang complex rocks are enriched in large ion lithophile elements, depleted in high‐field strength elements, Nb, Sr, P and Ti. REE patterns show slight enrichments in light REE relative to heavy REE and weak negative Eu anomalies. All rocks in this complex have a wide range of initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.705605～0.712496) and lower εNd(t) values (?0.61～?7.80). The geochemical data suggest highly oxidized‐evolved magma and old continental materials may have been the magma source for the Sharang intrusive complex that host porphyry Mo mineralization. Eocene pre‐ore and ore‐forming rocks at Sharang may have formed by partial melting of mantle wedge and by mixing with old continental crust at the lower crust level. In contrast the post‐ore rocks may have formed by partial melting of enriched lithospheric mantle. 相似文献
14.
The island of Lundy forms the southernmost igneous complex of the British Tertiary Volcanic Province (BTVP) and consists of granite (≈ 90%) emplaced into deformed Devonian sedimentary rocks (Pilton Shale) and associated with a swarm of dykes of dolerite/basalt, minor trachyte and rhyolite composition. The dolerites are of varied olivine basalt composition and are associated with peralkaline trachyte and subalkaline/peralkaline rhyolite with alkali feldspar and quartz ± alkali amphibole ± pyroxene mineralogy. The dyke swarm is therefore an anorogenic bimodal dolerite/basalt–trachyte/rhyolite BTVP association. Although the dyke association is bimodal in major element terms between dolerite/basalt and minor trachyte/rhyolite, the mineralogy and trace element geochemistry indicate that the dykes may be regarded as a cogenetic dolerite—peralkaline trachyte/rhyolite association with minor subalkaline rhyolites. Sr and Nd isotope data indicate derivation of these magmas from a similar BTVP mantle source (with or without minor contamination by Pilton Shale, or possibly Lundy granite). The petrogenesis of the Lundy dyke association is therefore interpreted in terms of extensive fractional crystallization of basaltic magma in a magma chamber of complex geometry below the (exposed) Lundy granite. Fractional crystallization of a representative dolerite magma (olivine ± clinopyroxene ± plagioclase) yields trachyte magma from which the crystallization of alkali feldspar (anorthoclase) ± plagioclase (oligoclase) + Fe–Ti oxide + apatite results in peralkaline rhyolite. Rarer subalkaline rhyolites result from fractionation from a similar dolerite source which did not achieve a peralkaline composition so allowing the crystallization and fractionation of zircon. The basalt–(minor trachyte)/rhyolite bimodality reflects rapid crystallization of basalt magma to trachyte (and rhyolite) over a relatively small temperature interval (mass fraction of melt, F = ≈ 0.15). The rapid high level emplacement of basalt, trachyte and rhyolite dyke magmas is likely to have been associated with the development of a substantial composite bimodal basalt–(minor trachytel)/rhyolite volcano above the BTVP Lundy granite in the Bristol Channel. 相似文献
15.
Late Cretaceous coeval acidic and basic magmatism,Karacaali Magmatic Complex,Central Anatolia,Turkey
《International Geology Review》2012,54(14):1697-1720
The Central Anatolia Crystalline Complex (CACC) is characterized by Late Cretaceous high-temperature metamorphic rocks intruded by S-, I-, and A-type granitoids. Coeval basic plutonic and volcanic rocks also crop out in the complex. The NE–SW-trending Karacaali Magmatic Complex (KMC) represents a clear example of synchronous basic and acidic magmatic associations. We present new data on this coeval magmatism. The KMC plutonic rocks mainly consist of monzonite, granite, and gabbro, whereas the associated volcanic rocks are chiefly of basalt and rhyolite. All of the units have been cut by quartz, quartz-tourmaline, and calcite veins and by porphyritic leucogranite, aplitic, and basaltic dikes. The rhyolitic, basaltic, and gabbroic samples yield well-defined 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of 69.1 ± 1.3, 58 ± 10, and 66.4 ± 1 million years, respectively; these data indicate that a younger multiphase basic magma was injected into a partially crystallized monzonitic magma chamber. The basic intrusions added heat to the system and gave rise to the re-fusion of the already crystallized parts of the monzonitic melt, forming the younger leucogranitic magma. The gradational contacts, cross-cutting relationships, trace element contents, trace element patterns, rare-earth element (REE) patterns, and 40Ar/39Ar geochronological data of the studied igneous suite clearly demonstrate that the acidic and basic rocks of the KMC were contemporaneous and are produced by partial melting of distinct sources rather than by fractional crystallization of a single source. 相似文献
16.
This study of the Pikes Peak batholith includes the mineralogy and petrology of quartz syenite at West Creek and of fayalite-bearing and fayalite-free biotite granite near Mount Rosa; major element chemistry of the batholith; comparisons with similar postorogenic, intracratonic, sodic to potassic intrusives; and genesis of the batholith.The batholith is elongate in plan, 50 by 100 km, composite, and generally subalkalic. It was emplaced at shallow depth 1,040 m. y. ago, sharply transects its walls and may have breached its roof. Biotite granite and biotite—hornblende granite are predominant; quartz syenite, fayalite granite and riebeckite granite are present in minor amounts.Fayalite-bearing and fayalite-free quartz syenite, fayalite-biotite granite and riebeckite granite show a well-defined sodic differentiation trend; the less sodic fayalite-free granites exhibit a broader compositional range and no sharp trends.Crystallization was largely at PH2O < Ptotal; PH2O approached Ptotal only at late stages. Aplite residual to fayalite-free biotite granite in the north formed at about 1,500 bars, or 5 km depth. Feldspar assemblages indicate late stages of crystallization at about 720°C. In the south ilmenite and manganian fayalite indicate fO2 of 10?17 or 10?18 bars. Biotite and fayalite compositions and the ‘granite minimum’ imply completion of crystallization at about 700°C and 1,500 bars. Nearby fayalite-free biotite granite crystallized at higher water fugacity.All types of syenite and granite contain 5–6% K2O through a range of SiO2 of 63–76%. Average Na2O percentages in quartz syenite are 6.2, fayalite granite 4.2, and fayalite-free granite 3.3 MgO contents are low, 0.03–0.4%; FeO averages 1.9–2.5%. FeO/Fe2O3 ratios are high. Fluorine ranges from 0.3 to 0.6%.The Pikes Peak intrusives are similar in mode of emplacement, composition, and probably genesis to rapakivi intrusives of Finland, the Younger Granites of Nigeria, Cape Ann Granite and Beverly Syenite, Mass., and syenite of Kungnat, Greenland, among others — allowing for different levels of erosion. A suite that includes gabbro or basalt, anorthosite, quartz syenite, fayalite granite, riebeckite granite, and biotite and/or hornblende granites is of worldwide occurrence.A model is proposed in which mantle-derived, convecting alkali olivine basaltic magma first reacts with K2O-poor lower crust of granulite facies to produce magma of quartz syenitic composition. The syenitic liquid in turn reacts with granodioritic to granitic intermediate crust of amphibolite facies to produce the predominant fayalite-free biotite and biotite-hornblende granites of the batholith. This reaction of magma and roof involves both partial melting and the reconstitution and precipitation of refractory phases, as Bowen proposed. Intermediate liquids include MgO-depleted and Na2O-enriched gabbro, which precipitated anorthosite, and alkali diorite. The heat source is the basaltic magma; the heat required for partial melting of the roof is supplied largely by heats of crystallization of phases that settle out of the liquid — mostly olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase. 相似文献
17.
冈底斯带西段那木如岩体始新世岩浆作用及构造意义 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
冈底斯带西段狮泉河南部那木如岩体岩性变化较大,其中产出大量基性岩透镜体及暗色微细粒包体,空间上与花岗岩类呈渐变过渡接触关系。本文在详细野外调研的基础上,对狮泉河-札达一带那木如花岗岩及其中基性岩石进行了系统的岩石学、地球化学和同位素年代学研究。结果表明,那木如岩体主体岩性为黑云母花岗岩,其SiO2为65%~76%,全碱含量较高,花岗岩中K2O+Na2O=5.50%~8.71%,基性岩石中则4.42%~6.7%。花岗岩类稀土元素最高含量为284.8×10-6,最低只有105.4×10-6;而基性岩类最高为120.4×10-6,最低72.48×10-6。两者稀土元素分配曲线均呈右倾平缓样式,花岗岩具有不明显Eu负异常,微量元素显示出花岗岩类和基性岩类具有相似的蛛网分布样式。两者均明显富K而亏损Nb、Ti等不活泼的HFS元素,显示出明显的岩浆混合作用趋势。4件花岗岩和基性岩样品所显示的LA-ICP-MS法锆石U-Pb年龄分别为46.11±0.78Ma、45.47±0.4Ma、46.7±2.9Ma和45.4±1.4Ma,变化在45.4~46.7Ma范围内,表明始新世早期(~46Ma)区域发生了岩浆混合作用。这一时限与冈底斯中、东部岩浆作用时代(40~52Ma)非常一致,表明始新世早期整个冈底斯发生了规模巨大的岩浆事件,暗示着印度-欧亚大陆碰撞作用在东西方向上所表现出的同时性。 相似文献
18.
Origin of calc-alkaline series lavas at Medicine Lake Volcano by fractionation,assimilation and mixing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Timothy L. Grove David C. Gerlach Thomas W. Sando 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1982,80(2):160-182
The results of experimental studies and examination of variations in major elements, trace elements and Sr isotopes indicate
that fractionation, assimilation and magma mixing combined to produce the lavas at Medicine Lake Highland. Some characteristics
of the compositional differences among the members of the calc-alkalic association (basalt-andesite-dacite-rhyolite) can be
produced by fractional crystallization, and a fractionation model reproduces the major element trends. Other variations are
inconsistent with a fractionation origin. Elevated incompatible element abundances (K and Rb) observed in lavas intermediate
between basalt and rhyolite can be produced through assimilation of a crustal component. An accompanying increase in 87Sr/86Sr from ∼ 0.07030 in basalt to ∼0.7040 in rhyolite is also consistent with crustal assimilation. The compatible trace element
contents (Ni and Sr) of intermediate lavas can not be produced by fractional crystallization, and suggest a magma-mixing origin
for some lavas. Unusual phenocryst assemblages and textural criteria in these lavas provide additional evidence for magma
mixing.
A phase diagram constructed from the low pressure melting experiments identifies a distributary reaction point, where olivine+augite
react to pigeonite. Parental basalts reach this point at low pressures and undergo iron-enrichment at constant SiO2 content. The resulting liquid line of descent is characteristic of the tholeiitic trend. Calc-alkalic differentiation trends
circumvent the distributary reaction point by three processes: fractionation at elevated pH2O, assimilation and magma mixing. 相似文献
19.
查孜正长岩体是拉萨地块中段新发现的中新世钾质-超钾质侵入岩,岩性主要为中粗粒石英角闪正长岩和斑状石英正长岩,有暗色包体发育.对两种正长岩进行了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学研究.结果显示,两种岩石的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为10.37±0.24 Ma、11.06±0.39 Ma,代表它们形成于中新世,是拉萨地块后碰撞岩浆作用的产物.查孜正长岩具有相对高钾（K2O=6.75%~7.39%）、低镁（MgO=1.44%~2.97%）的特征,K2O/Na2O>1,属钾质岩;具有与超钾质岩石相似的微量元素特征,强烈富集Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素（LILE）和轻稀土元素（LREE）,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti、P等高场强元素（HFSE）和重稀土元素（HREE）,但Cr（22.7×10-6~64.6×10-6）、Ni（18.9×10-6~46.6×10-6）含量明显偏低.其中,斑状石英正长岩的SiO2含量相对较高,但MgO、K2O、Cr、Ni、REE和Y等元素含量比石英角闪正长岩的低.综合分析认为,查孜正长岩主要形成于岩浆混合作用,是富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成的超钾质岩浆与地壳物质部分熔融形成的酸性岩浆混合的结果,两种岩石的地球化学差异主要是岩浆混合的程度和比例不同导致的;它的形成可能与岩石圈地幔的减薄作用有关. 相似文献
20.
Peter I. Nabelek Gilbert N. Hanson Theodore C. Labotka James J. Papike 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1988,99(1):49-61
In this paper we consider the mechanisms by which the mineralogy and composition of the margins of the Notch Peak granitic stock, Utah, were affected by calcareous argillite country rocks. The contact zone of the granite relative to the unaffected granite is enriched in: K2O from about 4 to 10 wt.%, Rb from 250 to 510 ppm, Sr from 150 to 790 ppm and Ba from 250 to 2160 ppm. Locally, some of the intrusive rocks at the contact are nearly devoid of quartz and can be classified as syenites. The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios range from 0.7069 in the unaffected rocks to 0.7100 in the potassium-enriched samples, approaching the values of the calc-silicate country rocks of about 0.7110.Calculations show that the characteristics of the contact zone near the top of the stock are the result of a number of sequential processes. CO2-rich fluids derived from the heated calcareous argillites apparently caused a shift in the phase boundaries in the magma, enhancing accumulation of K-feldspar and high-Ca augite at the expense of other phases. The accumulation resulted in the high Ba and Sr concentrations in some samples. However, the high K2O and Rb concentrations and magmatic 18O values indicate infiltration of magmatic fluid emanating from the solidifying lower portions of the pluton subsequent to solidification of the cap. The minimum fluid-rock ratios of 4.6 by mass, calculated on the basis of K2O and Rb concentration shifts, indicate that a substantial amount of the fluid was channeled through this contact zone. The desilication of the rocks forming the syenitic samples at the contact apparently occurred when a chemical potential gradient of silica between the granite and wall-rocks was established as quartz was consumed in the wall-rocks during calc-silicate reactions. The infiltrating magmatic fluid probably acted as a medium for transport of silica across the contact and perhaps exchange of Sr between the country rocks and the intrusion where up to 30% of strontium in the granitic and syenitic samples from the contact zone was derived from the calc-silicates. The syenitic rocks cannot be explained by desilication reactions involving assimilation of the calc-silicates by the granite magma. The results of this study show that fluids interacting with the country rocks need to be considered to explain the effects of country rocks on the composition of the margins of granitic intrusions. 相似文献