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1.
空间大地测量的最新进展(五) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
4.6由卫星测高所得的全球平均海面和全球大洋环流 第一个全球平均海面是J·G·Marsh等人根据GEOS-3和SEASAT数据推算的,以IAG 1980年参考椭球为基准面,称为MSS(Mean Sea Surface的缩写词)?012. 相似文献
2.
本文利用由Seasat 卫星测高资料和地球重力模型 GEM-T1 确定的海面地形模型WSST·90B,确定了全球海域的海流,并分别与Levitus 动力海面地形模型和 Engelis动力海面地形模型结果进行了比较。结果表明,WSST·90B和Levitus 模型确定的海流图非常接近,且能较好的反映全球主要海流的位置、方向和流速。 相似文献
3.
海洋重力似大地水准面与区域测高似大地水准面的拟合问题 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了将陆地重力似大地水准面与GPS水；住似大地水准面拟合的处理方法推广到海洋的问题．首先从理论上证明了当存在海面地形．则海洋大地水准面与似大地水准面不重合．导出了在海洋上大地水；住面差距与高程异常之间差值的公式．由此给出了求定平均海面相对于区域高程基准的正常高以及测高似大地水准面的计算公式。由于测高平均海面与GPS大地高有相近的精度．提出了将海洋重力似大地水准面与区域测高似大地水准面拟合的处理方法．并利用当前最新的海面地形模型和测高平均海面模型做了数值估计。 相似文献
4.
5.
利用Engelis按SEASAT卫星测高资料得到的海面地形模型和Levitus按位水准得到的海面地形模型计算了我国沿海几个验潮站与青岛验潮站之间的海面地形,并与几何水准联测得到的这几个验潮站的平均海面的高差进行了比较。用这三种方法求得的我国大陆沿海海水面倾斜的趋势大体上是一致的。此外,在全球统一系统内计算大地水准面差距时,若在计算点附近(Ψ_0=10°)应用我国区域性重力异常,由于大地水准面差距零阶项N_0和海面地形的影响,可使N的误差达到0.4米,这对确定米级精度的大地水准面差距是有影响的。 相似文献
6.
卫星测高开辟了地球科学研究的新纪元。平均海面高(MSSH)和海洋重力异常是卫星测高在大地测量和地球物理应用领域的重要成果。平均海面高对于建立全球潮汐模型、海平面变化研究以及海洋测深等方面有重要意义。关于海洋重力异常的应用,Sandweel与Smith(1997)已进行了说明。根据卫星测高数据计算垂线偏差(DOV)是恢复重力异常的一个新途径。对利用改进的卫星测高数据进一步提高全球平均海面高和重力异 相似文献
7.
8.
卫星测高沿轨海面高的精细结构及其应用技术初探 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
首先介绍了频域和多尺度域中的两种沿轨测高海面高精细结构，进而提出了利用沿轨测高海面高精细结构计算平均海面高与海平面距平的新方法，最后进一步讨论了沿轨平均海面高和海平面距平的频谱和多尺度分解，以及它们随时间的变化特性。 相似文献
9.
联合多代卫星测高数据确定中国近海稳态海面地形模型 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
联合多代测高卫星(Geosat GM和ERS-1/168,TOPEX/Poseidon(简称T/P)、变轨T/P,ERS-2,GFO)数据,基于强制改正法得到中国近海2'×2'格网分辨率的平均海面高模型;然后以EIGEN-GL04C重力场模型为参考模型,基于测高垂线偏差法精化得到中国近海2'×2'格网分辨率的测高大地水准面模型;最后联合移去一恢复技术和Gauss滤波技术,采用几何域法得到中国近海2'×2'格网分辨率的测高海面地形.利用中国沿岸长期验潮站平均海面高程信息,由直接推算法与平差法得出1985国家高程基准相对于所建测高大地水准面的垂直偏差分别为23.62±5.38 cm与22.33±1.07cm,与海洋学方法和GPS/水准方法得到的近期结果相近[1～2];扣除各自垂直偏差后的比较表明,由上述两种方法得到的海面地形模型的精度分别为±5.38cm与±5.23 cm. 相似文献
10.
联合卫星测高和物理海洋监测数据计算海面地形和测高大地水准面（以下称联合问题）是卫星测高应用领域的前沿课题之一。本文从流体动力学基本方程出发,推导出近海定常环流的高程模式,由此高程模式出发利用有限差分法组成观测方程,从而按最小二乘间接平差法解算联合问题。最后联合 Ｔ／ Ｐ、 Ｅ Ｒ Ｓ－ ２卫星测高和物理海洋监测数据,计算了东中国海（ ２２°－ ４１°×１１６°－ １３１°）的平均海面地形。 相似文献
11.
Estimation of dynamic ocean topography in the Gulf Stream area using the Hotine formula and altimetry data 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Changyou Zhang 《Journal of Geodesy》1998,72(9):499-510
Two modifications of the Hotine formula using the truncation theory and marine gravity disturbances with altimetry data are
developed and used to compute a marine gravimetric geoid in the Gulf Stream area. The purpose of the geoid computation from
marine gravity information is to derive the absolute dynamic ocean topography based on the best estimate of the mean surface
height from recent altimetry missions such as Geosat, ERS-1, and Topex. This paper also tries to overcome difficulties of
using Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) techniques to the geoid computation when the Hotine kernel is modified according to
the truncation theory. The derived absolute dynamic ocean topography is compared with that from global circulation models
such as POCM4B and POP96. The RMS difference between altimetry-derived and global circulation model dynamic ocean topography
is at the level of 25cm. The corresponding mean difference for POCM4B and POP96 is only a few centimeters. This study also
shows that the POP96 model is in slightly better agreement with the results derived from the Hotine formula and altimetry
data than POCM4B in the Gulf Stream area. In addition, Hotine formula with modification (II) gives the better agreement with
the results from the two global circulation models than the other techniques discussed in this paper.
Received: 10 October 1996 / Accepted: 16 January 1998 相似文献
12.
卫星测高与卫星重力对洋流的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
卫星测高与卫星重力的发展为进一步研究洋流提供了前所未有的机遇。本文从EGM 96 ,GGM0 1与未来的GOCE任务获取的高精度高分辨率海洋大地水准面的角度对洋流的研究方法与可行性进行了分析 相似文献
13.
Changes in the oceanic current system and in the oceanic mass distribution alter, together with other processes, the state
of the Earth’s rotation. This state is characterized by the length of day (LOD) and the tilt of the pole-to-pole axis. The
aim of our study was to derive the respective governing physical mechanisms in the ocean. Therefore, Earth rotation observations
were assimilated into a global circulation model of the ocean. Although assimilation is a well-established tool in climate
science, the assimilation of Earth rotation observations into a global ocean model was done here for the first time. Prior
to the assimilation, the Earth rotation observations were projected onto the angular momentum of the ocean. Non-oceanic contributions
were removed. The result of the subsequent assimilation procedure is a time varying ocean model state that reproduces the
projected Earth rotation observations well. This solution was studied to understand the oceanic generation of Earth rotation
deviations and to identify governing physical mechanisms. This paper focuses on LOD anomalies although polar motion was assimilated
simultaneously. Our results indicate that changes in the oceanic LOD excitation are mostly attributed to changes in total
ocean mass. Changes in the spatial distribution of ocean mass turned out to have a minor contribution to the LOD deviations.
The same applies to changes in the current system. 相似文献
14.
Procedures to calculate mean sea surface heights and gravity anomalies from altimeter-derived sea surface heights and along-track
sea surface slopes using the least-squares collocation procedure are derived. The slope data is used when repeat track averaging
is not possible to reduce ocean variability effects. Tests were carried out using Topex, Geosat, ERS-1 [35-day and 168-day
(2 cycle)] data. Calculations of gravity anomalies in the Gulf Stream region were made using the sea surface height and slope
data. Tests were also made correcting the sea surface heights for dynamic ocean topography calculated from a degree 360 expansion
of data from the POCM-4B global ocean circulation model. Comparisons of the anomaly predictions were carried out with ship
data using anomalies calculated for this paper as well as others.
Received: 19 August 1996 / Accepted: 14 April 1997 相似文献
15.
Background
Anthropogenic CO2 uptake by the ocean decreases the pH of seawater, leading to an 'acidification' which may have potential detrimental consequences on marine organisms [1]. Ocean warming or circulation alterations induced by climate change has the potential to slowdown the rate of acidification of ocean waters by decreasing the amount of CO2 uptake by the ocean [2]. However, a recent study showed that climate change affected the decrease in pH insignificantly [3]. Here, we examine the sensitivity of future oceanic acidification to climate change feedbacks within a coupled atmosphere-ocean model and find that ocean warming dominates the climate change feedbacks. 相似文献16.
Mission design,operation and exploitation of the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer mission 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
The European Space Agency’s Gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer mission (GOCE) was launched on 17 March
2009. As the first of the Earth Explorer family of satellites within the Agency’s Living Planet Programme, it is aiming at
a better understanding of the Earth system. The mission objective of GOCE is the determination of the Earth’s gravity field
and geoid with high accuracy and maximum spatial resolution. The geoid, combined with the de facto mean ocean surface derived
from twenty-odd years of satellite radar altimetry, yields the global dynamic ocean topography. It serves ocean circulation
and ocean transport studies and sea level research. GOCE geoid heights allow the conversion of global positioning system (GPS)
heights to high precision heights above sea level. Gravity anomalies and also gravity gradients from GOCE are used for gravity-to-density
inversion and in particular for studies of the Earth’s lithosphere and upper mantle. GOCE is the first-ever satellite to carry
a gravitational gradiometer, and in order to achieve its challenging mission objectives the satellite embarks a number of
world-first technologies. In essence the spacecraft together with its sensors can be regarded as a spaceborne gravimeter.
In this work, we describe the mission and the way it is operated and exploited in order to make available the best-possible
measurements of the Earth gravity field. The main lessons learned from the first 19 months in orbit are also provided, in
as far as they affect the quality of the science data products and therefore are of specific interest for GOCE data users. 相似文献
17.
提出了基于GPU的全球真实海平面高度异常数据的三维水面渲染,并分析了海平面高度异常变化与大洋环流之间的关系。首先把DEM格式的海平面高度异常数据通过图形渲染的方式生成纹理数据,将数据量进行压缩并且提高了渲染效率;然后基于自主研发的VV-Ocean海洋虚拟现实与可视化平台,将全球范围的海平面高度异常变化以虚拟现实的方式绘制到三维球面当中,生成动态海平面,直观形象地表达了全球海平面高度在1年内的变化情况;最后将全球海平面高度异常的可视化结果与大洋环流运动进行对照分析,符合洋流运动规律。 相似文献
18.
International compilations of marine gravity, such as the International Gravity Bureau (BGI) contain tens of millions of point
data. Lemoine et al. (The Development of the Joint NASA GSFC and the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) Geopotential
Model EGM96, NASA/TP-1998-206861) chose not to include any marine gravity in the construction of the global gravity model
EGM96. Instead they used synthetic anomalies derived from altimetry, so that no independent information about Mean Dynamic
Topography (MDT) can be deduced. Software has been developed not only to identify and correct those aspects of marine gravity
data that are unreliable, but to do so in a way that can be applied to very large, ocean-wide data sets. First, we select
only straight-line parts of ship-tracks and fit each one with a high-degree series of Chebyshev polynomials, whose misfit
standard deviation is σ
line and measures the random error associated with point gravity data. Then, network adjustment determines how the gravity datum is offset for each survey.
A free least squares adjustment minimises the gravity anomaly mismatch at line-crossing points, using σ
line to weight the estimate for each line. For a long, well crossed survey, the instrumental drift rate is also adjusted. For
some 42,000 cross-over points in the northern Atlantic Ocean, network adjustment reduces the unweighted standard deviation
of the cross-over errors from 4.03 to 1.58 mGal; when quality weighted, the statistic reduces from 1.32 to 0.39 mGal. The
geodetic MDT is calculated combining the adjusted gravity anomalies and satellite altimetry, and a priori global ocean model
through a new algorithm called the Iterative Combination Method. This paper reports a first demonstration that geodetic oceanography
can characterise the details of basin wide ocean circulation with a resolution better than global ocean circulation models.
The result matches regional models of ocean circulation from hydrography measurements (Geophys Res Lett 29:1896, 2002; J Geophys
Res 108:3251, 2003). 相似文献
19.
海水的温度是海洋物理性质中最基本的要素之一,随着对地球研究的逐步深入,数字地球的建模范围也从陆地向海洋延伸,从静态向动态建模发展。由于海洋每时每刻都在变化,对海洋温度场的三维建模尤其是动态三维建模尤为困难。本文分析了海洋温度场数据获取的方法,并从动态温度场数据的特点出发,提出了基于三棱柱11剖分法的海洋温度场动态三维建模方法,提取对象中的等温面作为特征对三维温度场进行建模和表达。实验表明,本文提出的方法可以高效地对动态三维温度场进行建模和表达。 相似文献
20.
现有的虚拟地球中的海面可视化方法主要采用投影网格的方式组织海面格网,这种特殊的网格组织方式,导致其在反映不同海域差异性特征时存在缺陷。基于全球离散格网的海面可视化方法由于能够与虚拟地球离散的空间剖分相匹配,有效弥补了投影网格法的缺陷,因此更符合虚拟地球海面仿真应用的需要。然而现有的离散格网法存在绘制效率差、场景加载慢、需要修补格网缝隙等问题,限制了其应用发展。对此,本文在现有离散格网法基础上进行优化:首先,在数据结构上对传统等经纬度离散格网进行扩展,设计了一种面向GPU绘制的多尺度海面网格模型来组织管理海面格网;其次,为了实现风场驱动下的海浪动态绘制,在多尺度海面网格模型的基础上提出了一种支持实时风场更新的海浪动态绘制方法;同时,考虑到格网缝隙修补对系统效率的影响,本文针对海面格网特点并结合GPU技术提出了一种高效的海面格网缝隙修补方法。最后通过对比试验验证了本文方法的可行性和有效性。试验结果表明,本文方法绘制效率稳定,加载速度快,且能弥补现有方法在功能上的缺失,因此应用范围更加广泛。 相似文献