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1.
黄河口沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附与释放 总被引：44，自引：2，他引：44
本文对黄河口典型沉积物进行了吸附磷及释放磷的研究,结果表明黄河口地区浅海沉积物对磷的释放极少.阴离子表面活性剂的存在能降低对磷的吸附能力,溶液pH的增大对吸附量有增大的作用,硝酸盐的存在不影响沉积物对磷的吸附.沉积物吸附大量磷后的再释放是缓慢的.经测定,沉积物吸附/解吸平衡点一般为0.24～4.27μmol/dm3,此值一般高于底层水磷浓度,因此我们推测除粗颗粒样品外,黄河口地区浅海沉积物有向上覆水释放磷的倾向. 相似文献
2.
运用极化曲线、电化学交流阻抗和失重等方法,研究了蛋氨酸对LY12铝合金在1 mol/LHCl溶液、20%CaCl2溶液和3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀抑制情况,并利用扫描电镜观察铝合金的腐蚀形貌.结果表明,铝合金在前述3种腐蚀介质中均发生不同程度的腐蚀,添加缓蚀剂蛋氨酸后,会不同程度地抑制铝合金的腐蚀.随着缓蚀剂浓度的增加,缓蚀效率增大,特别是在1 mol/L HCl溶液、20%CaCl2溶液中,当缓蚀剂浓度达到0.01 mol/L时缓蚀效率达到90%以上. 相似文献
3.
一种新型水溶性聚氨酯表面活性剂的研制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以甲苯2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚乙二醇(PEG800和PE G1000)、马来酸酐(MA)和三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为主要原料,合成了2种水溶性聚氨酯表面活性剂(B1PEG800)和(B2PEG1000),用 FT-IR以及1HNMR对产物的分子结构进行了表征,并探讨了其最佳合成条件,同时对其CMC(临界胶束浓度)值、浊点和表面张力等性能进行了测定.结果表明,反应物在65 ℃反应4 h,并且在反应过程中添加35 mL丙酮/TDI/mol作为溶剂时产物的状态最好.用最大气泡压力法测得25 ℃B1 PEG800的临界胶束浓度为0.05 mol/L,此时的表面张力为33 mN/m;B2PEG1000的临界胶束浓度为0.037 5 mol/L,此时的表面张力为38.85 mN/m;溶液表现为牛顿型流体. 相似文献
4.
研究了通过间隔取液法延长化学镀镍液使用寿命的技术,通过孔隙率试验测定镀层耐孔蚀性能。结果表明,间隔取液法可以有效地延长镀液的使用寿命,镀液中有害离子Na ,SO42-,HPO3-的临界浓度分别为1.99,0.626和0.486mol/L。当取液量>11%时,镀液中的有害离子均不超过其临界浓度,镀液可以循环使用。 相似文献
5.
采用环形水槽研究了沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的释放过程,通过测定水相PAHs浓度考察不同流速下沉积物中PAHs释放情况。试验结果表明,沉积物中PAHs释放速率和释放量受水流流速影响很大,总体上∑PAHs浓度随水流流速增加呈上升趋势,从开始静水时的5.602 ug/L增加到流速为60 cm/s时的22.158 ug/L;各层∑PAHs浓度随流速增加变化趋势有所不同,表层和中层∑PAHs浓度随水流流速的增加呈现上升后下降的趋势,当水流流速分别为20 cm/s和25 cm/s时,表层和中层最大浓度分别为1.816 ug/L和1.902 ug/L;底层呈逐渐上升的趋势。各物质随水流变化表现出的变化趋势略有不同,各层苊烯和蒽浓度随水流作用变化不大,萘、苊、菲、荧蒽、芘和屈随水流变化总体上呈现上升后下降的趋势。研究还发现沉积物再悬浮引起PAHs释放的同时伴随着沉积物对PAHs的吸附过程。 相似文献
6.
本文对2012年秋季中国东海31个站位的海水样品中溶解态氨基酸（THAA）和颗粒态氨基酸（PAA）的分布与组成进行了研究。结果表明：表层海水中溶解游离氨基酸(DFAA)的平均浓度为0.12±0.04 μmol/L (0.06~0.19 μmol/L),溶解结合氨基酸(DCAA)的平均浓度为0.61±0.51 μmol/L (0.15~1.79 μmol/L),PAA的平均浓度为0.11±0.06 μmol/L (0.02~0.27 μmol/L)。THAA的水平分布特点大致为近岸高、远岸低;PAA的水平分布特点是近岸海域向远海海域分布呈现逐渐减小的趋势。THAA的垂直分布特点是由表层向底层逐渐降低。DCAA、PAA与Chl-a有很好的相关性,而DFAA与Chl-a的相关性不明显。东海表层海水中THAA的主要组分是天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸及丙氨酸,PAA的主要组分是天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸及亮氨酸。在表层海水中氨基酸是作为一个整体而对海洋生物地球化学过程产生影响的。 相似文献
7.
以乙二胺和氯乙酸为原料,在低温常压下合成乙二胺二乙酸(EDDA),再以EDDA与癸酰氯反应制得N,N'-双癸酰基乙二胺二乙酸钠.采用核磁共振波谱确证了其结构;对产品的临界表面张力、起泡及稳泡能力、乳化能力及润湿渗透性能进行表征.在25℃时,N,N'-双癸酰基乙二胺二乙酸钠溶液的临界表面张力为28.1mN/m,临界胶束浓度为1.6×10-3 mol/L.显示出该产品有优良的起泡稳泡性能、乳化性能及润湿渗透性能,是1种优良的表面活性剂. 相似文献
8.
作者采用酶学分析方法研究了反应介质中添加NaC1对三疣梭子蟹(Porturrus tritubrculatus)中肠腺蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶、羧肽酶A、羧肽酶B、淀粉酶活力的影响,反应介质中NaC1浓度设置为0、0.005、0.01、0.05、0.1、0.5、1.0和2.0 mol/L 8个梯度.实验结果表明,反应介质中添加NaC1对消化酶活力影响显著,除羧肽酶B外,添加NaC1对三疣梭子蟹消化酶均有激活作用,且所有消化酶都有很高的耐盐性.当反应介质中NaC1浓度为0.1～0.5 mol/L时蛋白酶活力最大;0.5 mol/L时胰蛋白酶活力最大;胰凝乳蛋白酶在反应介质中NaC1浓度为1 mol/L时酶活力最大;羧肽酶A在反应介质中NaC1浓度为0.05～0.1 mol/L时酶活力最大;NaC1对羧肽酶B有抑制作用,在反应介质中NaC1浓度为2 mol/L的条件下,只有未添加NaC1时酶活力的60%;NaC1在0～2 mol/L时对淀粉酶均有激活作用,其最大激活能力在0.5mol/L左右. 相似文献
9.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,(Z1)
在实验室条件下,对比研究了营养盐浓度变化对菊花江蓠(Gracilaria lichenoides)和细基江蓠繁枝变型(G.te-nuistipitata var. liui)的生长、生化组成和生理的影响。结果表明,不同的营养盐浓度变动对2种江蓠的生长、藻体藻红素、叶绿素a、总碳、总氮含量、硝酸还原酶以及过氧化氢酶活性影响有所不同。菊花江蓠生长在中等浓度(45μmol/L)的营养盐条件下最佳,而细基江蓠繁枝变型的生长反应则依前期环境中营养盐水平不同而有所差异。总体上看,当营养盐浓度由3μmol/L变动为45和150μmol/L时,2种江蓠藻体藻红素、叶绿素a、总碳和总氮含量以及硝酸还原酶的活性均有所提高;而当营养盐浓度由45和150μmol/L变动为3μmol/L时,2种江蓠藻体的上述指标则有所下降。营养盐浓度45和150μmol/L的相互变动对2种江蓠硝酸还原酶的活性影响不大。随着无机氮浓度的逐渐增加,过氧化氢酶的活性呈现显著下降的趋势。当营养盐浓度由3μmol/L向150μmol/L变动时,2种江蓠过氧化氢酶活性显著下降;而营养盐浓度由150μmol/L向3μmol/L变动时,过氧化氢酶活性则有所增强。综合比较表明,细基江蓠繁枝变型更容易受环境中营养盐浓度变动的影响,对环境中营养盐浓度变动的适应能力可能要低于菊花江蓠。 相似文献
10.
沉积物释放是海洋环境中甲烷(CH_4)的重要来源。通过2013年7月和8月两个航次,对东、黄海泥质区沉积物中CH_4浓度的垂直分布和沉积物-水界面通量进行了研究。结果表明,除个别站位外,黄海沉积物(50 cm以浅)中CH_4的浓度变化范围在0.2～1.0μmol/L之间,长江口及浙闽沿岸附近的沉积物中CH_4浓度则要更高(1.0～2.0μmol/L),而东海东部海域沉积物中CH_4浓度波动范围为0.2～3.0μmol/L。总体来说,东、黄海沉积物中CH_4浓度偏低,这可能与观测到的高浓度硫酸盐(20 mmol/L)有关。通过整柱密室培养实验估算出东、黄海沉积物-水界面CH_4释放速率在0.64～2.12μmol/(m2·d)之间,东、黄海沉积物CH_4释放总量为6.7×108 mol/yr;但采用菲克定律估算的CH_4扩散通量则要比现场培养的结果低2～5倍,表明不同的方法在估算沉积物-水界面CH_4通量上还具有一定的不确定性。 相似文献
11.
Experiments have been conducted to investigate the effects of temperature on the interfacial surface area and on the rate of oxygen transfer from air bubbles dispersed in aqueous NaCl solutions. Tests were also conducted to estimate the effects of salt concentration on the size of the bubbles. In addition to NaCl solutions, seawater was used in some tests. The temperature effects were investigated at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C. The results showed a pronounced effect of the salt on the size of the bubbles, which first decreased sharply with increasing concentration, but showed no further drop when the concentration was increased beyond 0.6 M. Both in seawater and in the 0.6 M solution, the mass transfer rate, KLA, increased almost linearly when temperature was increased within the range from 5 to 25°C. The salt solution, as well as the seawater, showed an increase of KLA of 60–70% over that in pure water at the same temperatures. This effect was the result of increased surface area of bubbles because of decreased coalescence. The increase in surface area was strongly temperature dependent, especially between 15 and 20°C. Contrary to this behavior the surface area in pure water showed, practically, no temperature dependence. The results are explained and discussed on the basis of ion-water interactions. 相似文献
12.
We investigated the surfactant dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS) and its delivery system Corexit 9500A, used to disperse
oil released during the Gulf of Mexico spill during the summer of 2010. DOSS is an organic sulfonic acid salt that acts as
a synthetic detergent and disrupts the interfacial tension between the salt water and crude oil phases. The disruption reaches
a maximum at or above the critical micelle concentration (CMC). The CMC for the surfactant was determined to be 0.17% solution
in deionized water at a pH of 7.2 and a temperature of 21.1 °C (70°F). The CMC is lower in salt water, at 0.125% solution.
This has been identified as a “salting out” effect (Somasundaran, 2006). The CMC of DOSS in both saline and deionized water
occurred at lower-percent solutions at higher temperatures. The surface tension versus concentration plots can be modeled
using a power equation, with correlation coefficients consistently over 0.94. Surface tension versus concentration plots are
scalable to fit the desired temperature by the function f(x) = (1/1+Xα), where α =T1/T2. Tests measured the stability of the DOSS micelles when exposed to a continuous UVA radiation. This photodegradation is directly
related to the duration of exposure. 相似文献
13.
Abstract Laboratory tests were conducted on compacted marine sediments to study the effect of salt concentration of permeating fluid on its permeability characteristics. Deep sea sediment samples were collected from water depths varying from 3700 to 4500 m off Mauritius coast. Liquid limit and plasticity index varied widely from 45 to 75 and 10 to 35, respectively. Permeability was found at different void ratios with distilled water and 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 N NaCl solutions as permeating fluid. It was found that permeability increases with an increase in salt concentration for a given void ratio. This is explained by diffused double layer theory. Also, the rate of increase in permeability decreases with increase in salt concentration. The effect of salt concentration seemed to be less at higher void ratios. 相似文献
14.
The presence of electrolytes (salts) in aqueous solution modifies the solubility and related properties of organic compounds in water. Reported data for salting-out constants (Setschenow constants) which relate solubility to the salt concentration of aromatic and alkane hydrocarbons, and their chlorinated derivatives, and some organic acids have been compiled for 25 aqueous salt solutions at 20–25 °C. The salting-out sequences for various electrolytes are discussed and it is shown that the salting-out effect is greater for organic solutes with large molar volumes. A compilation of salting-out constants for NaCl solutions and seawater (natural or synthetic) with a variety of solutes, shows that the Setschenow constants are similar for natural or artificial seawater (at salinity of 30–35%.) and NaCl solutions (at 3.0–3.5% or 0.5 M). A simple correlation is suggested for estimating the Setschenow constants for a variety of organic solutes in seawater which typically yields a reduction in solubility by a factor of 1.36. The hydrophobicity of organic solutes is therefore increased by this factor, as is the air-water partition coefficient, implying an increased partitioning from aqueous solution into air, organic carbon and lipid phases. The effect must be quantified when comparing the behavior of organic contaminants in freshwater and marine conditions. 相似文献
15.
Joan D. Willey 《Marine Chemistry》1975,3(3):241-251
Amorphous silica can polymerize in distilled water, in 0.6 N NaCl solution and in seawater to form a colloidal suspension that contains approximately 200 ppm Si. Solid amorphous alumina can prevent this polymerization in seawater and in 0.6 N NaCl, and can inhibit but not prevent it in distilled water. This prevention of polymerization may be an important factor in authigenic mineral formation.The presence of solid amorphous alumina with solid silica in the same solutions causes the final concentrations of dissolved silica to be lower than those attained by solid silica in the absence of solid alumina. The effects are similar whether the final levels are approached from above or below the saturation concentration for amorphous silica. This indicates that the observed concentration of dissolved silica will be a function of available alumina as well as of the silica solubility.The presence of solid amorphous alumina with quartz in seawater, 0.6 N NaCl solution and distilled water causes dissolved silica levels to remain below 0.7 ppm Si for at least 38 days. The same systems in the absence of alumina approach the solubility levels of quartz within that time period. 相似文献
16.
实验研究了NaOH、HCl、NaCl和CaCl2等电解质加入量对蒙脱石悬浮液膨胀性的影响,并通过离子色谱、体视显微镜和激光粒度分析技术,研究了蒙脱石粒度变化与体积膨胀之间的关系。实验结果表明,NaOH、HCl对蒙脱石悬浮液膨胀性影响不明显,而NaCl和CaCl2对蒙脱石悬浮液的膨胀有明显的抑制作用;而且CaCl2对蒙脱石膨胀的抑制作用明显强于NaCl,CaCl2浓度比NaCl少了1个数量级时即可达到相同的膨胀抑制效果。离子色谱分析显示,CaCl2溶液与蒙脱石混合后,悬浮液上清液中的Ca2+浓度减少,而Na+浓度增加,分析存在离子交换过程。经激光粒度分析仪和体视显微镜观察,电解质的加入使颗粒之间产生了团聚作用,改变了颗粒的粒径,从而在宏观上表现为蒙脱石悬浮液体积的减少。 相似文献
17.
V. I. Bukreev 《Oceanology》2013,53(1):110-118
A technique and some results of laboratory experiments, in which the densification during mixing of the salt water masses with the same initial densities occurs, are presented. A graphical interpretation of the densification during mixing and an empirical formula describing the dependence of the water density on temperature and concentration of the dissolved salt NaCl at atmospheric pressure are given. Examples of spreading of the initially horizontal, inclined and vertical round jets as well as a vertical plane jet are considered. In all examples, the jet submerged up to the bottom of the experimental setup. It was found that the submergence velocity was on the order of 0.5 ± 0.1 cm/s. The influence of the double diffusion on the jet submergence velocity in the salt water is discussed. 相似文献
18.
壳聚糖季铵盐的合成及性质研究 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
为开发利用壳聚糖及其衍生物,采用异相法合成了壳聚糖季铵盐——羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(HACC),并分别用红外光谱、核磁共振对其结构进行了表征;通过扫描电镜图对比分析了CS和HACC的粒度和外貌形态变化。在此基础上,测定了HACC的取代度(DQ),并对其溶液性质进行研究。结果表明：通过在壳聚糖分子结构中N上引入季铵盐侧链合成的HACC,具有较好的水溶性和较高的稳定性,室温下水中溶解度达10％,1％醋酸水溶液粘度在12d内、水溶液粘度在pH=3～9范围内几乎没有降低。 相似文献
19.
李凤林 《海洋学报(英文版)》1987,6(1):116-123
The underground salt water in Huang-Huai-Hai-Liao (Rivers) Plains, just like an underground salt sea, is buried around the Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea. A lot of data show that the salt water bed and marine bed were formed at the same time, i.e. the salt water was the result of transgression. At present, the concentration of the salt water is not strong and it is getting freshened under the effects of both surface and underground runoff. In view of such development, it would be possible to reconstruct paleogeography on the one hand and to change the salt water into fresh water through the dual actions of man and Nature. 相似文献
20.
渤海海峡沉积物输运的参数化计算 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文以2018年冬季渤海海峡两个站位的定点连续观测数据为基础，使用一维参数化方案，计算了观测站位底边界层内的水平悬浮物输运通量以及推移质输运量。在参数化方案中，简化的一维对流扩散方程被用于计算底边界层内的垂向悬浮物浓度。为了验证参数化方案的可靠性，本文基于观测数据对比了两种底剪切应力计算模型、四种临界起动剪切应力计算方法和两种一维对流扩散方程解法。对比结果表明:(1)不同模型计算的底剪切应力结果相近；(2)临界起动剪切应力受到颗粒间黏性作用的影响；(3)一维对流扩散方程的求解过程需要考虑沉积物浓度的分层效应和不同粒级颗粒临界起动剪切应力的差异。基于上述对比结果确定的最优参数化方案，进一步计算了观测站位的沉积物输运量:(1)在有再悬浮的时段，距底5 m内的水平悬浮物通量占全水深悬浮物通量的比例(T01站约为21%，T02站约为17%)显著高于相同层位水通量的占比；(2)依据参数化方案估算的冬季平均的悬浮物通量比忽略底边界层悬浮物浓度垂向变化的传统方法结果高约16%；(3)推移质输运量比悬移质输运量约低两个数量级。 相似文献