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Effect of Tunnel Shape and Support System on Stability of a Tunnel in a Deep Coal Mine in China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Zhengxing Yu Pinnaduwa H. S. W. Kulatilake Fuxing Jiang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2012,30(2):383-394
Stability level of tunnels that exist in an underground mine has a great influence on the safety, production and economic
performance of the mine. Ensuring of stability for soft-rock tunnels is an important task for deep coal mines located in high
in situ stress conditions. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of tunnel shape and support pattern on the deformation,
failure zone and stability around a tunnel located in a coal rock mass in China and to select an appropriate tunnel shape
and a support pattern to provide a stable stress-deformation condition around the tunnel. Using the available information
on stratigraphy, geological structures, in situ stress measurements and geo-mechanical properties of intact rock and discontinuity
interfaces, a three-dimensional numerical model was built using the FLAC software to simulate the stress conditions around
the tunnel in the coal rock mass. Analyses were conducted for several tunnel shapes and rock support patterns. Results obtained
for the distribution of failed zones, and stress and displacement fields around the tunnel were compared to select the best
tunnel shape and support pattern to achieve the optimum stability conditions. Also, a comparison is given between the numerical
predictions and field deformation monitoring results. 相似文献
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青藏高原板块缝合带为印度板块和欧亚板块两大陆块的缝合区域,带区地质条件复杂,构造运动强烈。川藏线拉林铁路几乎沿雅鲁藏布江缝合带展布,高地应力问题十分突出,但目前针对板块缝合带隧道的地应力研究相对较少。本文采用空心包体法对拉林铁路沿线隧道进行了原位地应力测量,并与成兰、兰渝和锦屏等几个典型工程的地应力进行对比分析。研究表明：拉林铁路沿线隧道埋深大,构造应力突出,总体表现为最大水平主应力 > 垂直主应力 > 最小水平主应力;平均侧压系数（1.0~1.5）分布较为集中且处于较高水平;最大主应力量值大多在20~50 MPa之间,最大主应力与埋深的梯度为0.033 7 MPa/m,方向以北北西-北北东向为主。建议采用仰拱结构减小隧道墙脚处的应力集中现象。 相似文献
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深埋特长隧道工程的高地应力问题越来越受到重视,如何准确高效地确定工程区地应力状态,是目前关注的重点和难点。针对深埋特长隧道地应力状态的确定问题,我们提出了基于多源数据的初始原地应力方向综合确定和应力量值预测及复核的综合解决方案。通过勘察阶段有限钻孔的地应力测试,并结合区域多源地应力资料,可以综合确定地应力方向并利用修正的Sheorey模型预测隧道轴线地应力;针对预测结果,在隧道开挖施工过程中,进一步利用有限钻孔的水压致裂地应力测试检验预测结果并复核隧道应力状况。结果表明,桃子垭隧道水平最大主应力方向为N15°W～N40°W,实测三向应力关系为SH≥Sv>Sh;钻孔附近的应力预测值在区域实测应力量值变化范围内,隧道埋深最大处的水平最大、最小应力值分别达24 MPa和16 MPa;隧道施工过程中的4个钻孔应力量值复核结果显示,除了局部受到岩性变化、断裂破碎带等影响出现偏差,本文预测结果与实测应力量值基本一致。笔者发展的原地应力综合预测及复核方法,一方面可以快速有效地预测深埋特长隧道等线状工程的原地应力状态,有效降低初始... 相似文献
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新建川藏铁路穿越鲜水河活动构造带,沿线构造应力场极其复杂,隧道围岩工程破坏问题突出。为了揭示该区构造应力场特征,为深埋隧道设计、施工提供基础参数,采用新型水压致裂地应力测量系统在川西郭达山隧道水平孔获得10段有效地应力测量数据,最大测量深度达508.10 m,创造了水平孔地应力测量最深记录。测量结果表明,在148.4~508.1 m测量深度范围,郭达山隧道水平孔截面上最大主应力值为3.59~13.72 MPa,最小主应力值为3.28~8.36 MPa。根据印模实验结果,除浅部钻孔截面上最大主应力倾角较大外,深部钻孔截面上最大主应力倾角近水平。根据地应力状态将0~280 m段划分为应力释放区,280~330 m段为应力集中区,大于330 m段为原地应力区。基于地应力测量结果对郭达山隧道水平孔围岩稳定性进行了预判分析,在孔深292.9 m、508.10 m处隧道围岩有轻微至中等程度岩爆可能,其余段无岩爆可能性。 相似文献
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岩爆是深埋长大隧道面临的主要地质灾害之一,其“孕育-发生-发展”全过程异常复杂,使其成为地下工程中的世界性难题。准确反映地应力变化规律以及区域内地质构造影响,结合实测资料进行岩爆分级预测,对保障隧道前期勘察设计及后期安全施工具有重要意义。根据隧道工程地质资料,通过COMSOL Multiphysics和Rhino建立三维数值计算模型,反演分析得到整个区域的初始地应力场。在综合分析影响岩爆关键因素的基础上,从“储能性-倾向性-突发性”研究角度,选取岩石单轴抗压强度与围岩洞壁最大主应力比(σc/σmax)、围岩洞壁最大切向应力与岩石单轴抗压强度比(σθ/σc)、岩石强度脆性系数(σc/σt)及岩石弹性能指数(Wet)作为评价指标。采用熵权法确定指标权重,运用功效系数法加权计算总功效系数值,构建了一种基于功效系数法和地应力场反演的深埋长大隧道岩爆预测模型,并将其应用于川藏铁路桑珠岭隧道。研究结果表明,该模型具有较高的准确性和可靠性,为类似深埋长大隧道岩爆预测提供了一种新的参考。 相似文献
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川藏铁路穿越区域地形起伏大,区域地质构造作用强烈,隧道建设中面临的高地应力问题异常复杂,特别是深埋硬岩隧道中的岩爆灾害问题,成为制约选线、设计乃至施工建设的难题。由于隧道工程地质条件复杂,如果岩爆评价指标针对性不强,往往会造成评价结果与实际偏差较大。通过综合分析影响岩爆的关键因素,选取岩石单轴抗压强度与洞壁最大主应力比、洞壁最大切向应力与岩石单轴抗压强度比、岩石强度脆性系数、岩石弹性能指数及岩体完整性系数建立了岩爆评价指标体系。根据熵权法确定各指标权重,基于理想点的基本理论及计算规则,构建了一种岩爆危险性评价模型。通过计算各里程段与理想点的距离,对新建川藏铁路某隧道的3种线路方案进行岩爆风险评估的综合比选。研究结果表明B线路总岩爆段落占比24.9%,其中不可控岩爆段落占比13.4%,比另外两条比选方案低4%左右,综合对比B线路为最优方案。该方法可为深埋硬岩隧道地质综合选线提供必要的科学依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
8.
Three-Dimensional Back-Analysis of an Instrumented Shallow Tunnel Excavated by a Conventional Method
Mohamed Nabil Houhou Fabrice Emeriault Émilie Vanoudheusden 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2016,34(4):1101-1117
The excavation of a shallow tunnel induces deformations of the soil volume in the vicinity and above the tunnel and consequently on the nearby buildings. The range of these deformations depends among other on the geological conditions, the geometry of the tunnel, and the excavation method. In this context, this research focuses on the 3D numerical modeling of a shallow tunnel instrumented during its construction, located on the Toulouse (France) subway line B for which the excavation has been carried out in a conventional manner in an over consolidated molassic geological context. The objective of this analysis is to estimate the tunnel behavior in terms of vertical and horizontal movements of the surrounding soil and the deformations of the existing buildings. The explicit finite differences numerical code FLAC3D is used to model the various implementation phases of the work where the fluid–soil interaction is taken into account through an undrained coupled analysis. The results of this 3D model are compared to those of the in situ measurements in order to validate the geotechnical characteristics of the molasses. The latter are a useful basis for the back-analysis of the different monitoring sections implemented in areas where the tunnel excavation is made by TBM with pressurized front. 相似文献
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Chen Bin Ren Qingyang Wang Feifei Zhao Yicong Liu Chunduo 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(7):5007-5019
In order to obtain the characteristics of in-situ stress field of deep buried tunnel in complex geological environment, the Taoziya tunnel is used as a background project. A three-dimensional numerical model is established by combining with a variety of software. The in-situ stress field is inversed by multiple regression method and FLAC3D software, the distribution characteristics of the in-situ stress field near the tunnel fault zone are analyzed. Research shows that the maximum thermal stress of the rock mass on the axis of the Taoziya tunnel reaches 9.53 MPa, which is about 38.98% of the self-weight stress. The inversion error considering high ground temperature is generally less than 10%, which is more accurate than the result without considering high ground temperature. The maximum stress of the footwall of the Taoziya tunnel is 25.78 MPa, and there is a risk of high in-situ stress. The fault has a great disturbance to the in-situ stress field, the maximum in-situ stress of the footwall is about 1.5 times that of the hanging wall. In the fault-affected zone, the stress increases by 5%–49% near the hanging wall and decreases by 28%–45% near the footwall. The maximum shear stress in the plane of tunnel axis is about 6.44 MPa, and shear failure may occur after the tunnel is excavated. The research results prove the rationality and necessity of considering the influence of temperature in the inversion of in-situ stress, and provide reference for the research, design and construction of similar projects.
相似文献12.
初始地应力的方向、量值和分布形式是影响岩石地下工程围岩应力、变形和破坏模式的重要因素,在工程区域难以开展大量实测工作,且实测结果具有相当的离散性,引入数值分析方法和数学理论对地应力场综合分析是有效的解决手段之一。结合滇中引水香炉山隧洞穿越龙蟠－乔后断裂段（楚波–白汉场断裂南段）工程,针对实测结果中方向结果离散性较大的问题,基于中国现代构造地应力场特征,对丽江地区复合断裂对区域地应力场影响的理论分析与数值模拟,获取了地应力场方向的定性认识。基于钻孔测试成果,通过基于多元线性回归的三维地应力场反演获取了地应力场方向与量值的定量认识。获得的初步结果表明,龙蟠–乔后断裂F10运动形式以正断错动为主;左旋走滑为辅的滑动,受其影响隧洞工程在穿越F10断裂部位的主应力发生偏转,偏转后最大主应力方向近似平行或小夹角相交于F10断裂走向;反演获得的香炉山隧洞趋近F10-1、F10-2段最大主应力量值范围为13～19 MPa,中间主应力为11～16 MPa,最小主应力为9～13 MPa,应力量值较高,并呈现 > > （ 、 分别为最大、最小水平主应力）的特征;F10断裂F10-1、F10-2主断带成为地应力场的控制性边界,其间应力量值明显小于上下两盘岩体,F10-1、F10-2主断带间岩体最大主应力量值范围在9～10 MPa,最小主应力量值范围在7～10 MPa,地应力最大主应力方向与隧洞纵轴线以约60°夹角相交,相交角度较大,对隧洞稳定性影响较大。 相似文献
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拟建中尼铁路位于印欧板块碰撞推挤的前缘地带,区域深大断裂发育,地震频发,新构造活动强烈,应力状态复杂。基于中尼铁路交通廊道震源机制解及原地应力测量资料,分析中尼铁路沿线区域构造应力场分布特征,进一步讨论现今构造应力场对铁路方案和重要工程设置的潜在影响。研究结果表明,研究区震源深度主压应力优势方向在板块碰撞边界为NEE向,高原内部则表现出明显的非均匀性特征。中国境内日喀则至吉隆段主要处于拉张-剪切应力环境,尼泊尔境内区段处于印欧板块推挤控制的挤压应力环境。在缺少中尼铁路沿线原地应力实测资料的现状下,结合邻区实测数据分析认为,该区地壳浅表层应力结构以逆断型为主,水平最大主压应力优势方向为NE向。基于研究区内主应力方向分布特征将中尼铁路沿线划分为日喀则―萨迦、萨迦―定结、定结―吉隆、聂拉木、吉隆―讷瓦果德和加德满都共6段。根据构造应力场分析结果并基于σθmax/Rc理论对铁路隧道工程围岩岩爆可能性进行了讨论,结果表明最大水平主应力方向与隧道轴向夹角较大时对隧道围岩稳定性不利,且隧道埋深越大则围岩岩爆的可能性越大。中尼铁路大多区段轴向与最大水平主应力方向呈大角度相交甚至近垂直,当隧道埋深较大时具有发生岩爆的可能,需重点防护。研究结果可为中尼铁路交通廊道工程勘察选线提供参考。 相似文献
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邓肯-张非线性模型已经被广泛的应用于工程实践的应力-应变数值分析中。考虑轴对称应力条件下邓肯-张模型应用于复杂应力时存在的不足,依据原状土的真三轴试验数据对邓肯-张模型预测结果与实测结果进行比较,论证了复杂应力条件下邓肯-张模型的适用性。通过考虑真三轴试验应力条件下中主应力对大主应变的影响,邓肯-张E-B模型大主应变叠加中、小主应力差作用产生的变形,提出了不同中主应力比的邓肯-张E-B模型参数确定方法,建立了复杂应力路径条件下修正的邓肯-张E-B模型。经与西安原状土真三轴试验结果进行比较,验证了修正邓肯-张E-B模型的正确性,为邓肯-张模型在复杂应力条件下的应用提供了途径。 相似文献
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《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(15):1765-1784
In this paper a fully probabilistic approach based on the Bayesian statistical method is presented to predict ground settlements in both transverse and longitudinal directions during gradual excavation of a tunnel. To that end, the convergence confinement method is adopted to give estimates of ground deformation numerically. Together with in situ measurements of the evolution of vertical deflections at selected points along the tunnel line, it allows for the construction of a likelihood function and consequently in the framework of Bayesian inference to provide posterior improved knowledge of model parameters entering the numerical analysis. In this regard, the Bayesian updating is first exploited in the material identification step and next used to yield predictions of ground settlement in sections along the tunnel line ahead of the tunnel face. This methodology thus makes it possible to improve original designs by utilizing an increasing number of data (measurements) collected in the course of tunnel construction. 相似文献
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坝址区复杂的地质条件与岩体力学环境变化,直接影响坝肩岩体抗滑稳定及拱坝的安全。我国西南乌东德超高拱坝坝址区工程地质条件极为复杂。坝体载荷后,区域内地层岩性、断层构造、岩溶系统、拱座内不连续裂隙等自然地质条件,成为影响坝肩岩体稳定性的主要因素。基于可研阶段地质勘探数据、二维地质剖面和工程设计数据,采用面向对象技术、多种软件协同作业,建立自然地质条件和工程对象的几何模型。构建适用于地应力反演分析,坝体载荷、工程开挖等因素影响下坝肩稳定性分析的三维精细有限元计算模型。该三维模型最大程度地模拟了工程岩体复杂结构,为高拱坝坝肩岩体稳定性综合分析提供良好的基础。计算结果表明:河谷两侧近地表地应力带及河床深部地应力区应力水平与实际量测值接近。坝肩槽开挖完成后,右岸拱肩槽800 m高程附近位移值最大达到12.9 mm。两岸9个可能滑动楔块在不同荷载组合条件下有一定差异,整体上左岸坝肩稳定性强于右岸。组合地震荷载作用下,所有楔块安全系数均大幅下降,但仍具有一定的安全裕度。 相似文献
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初始地应力场是地下洞室设计所需的基本指标。基于江边电站引水隧洞沿线区域的地质资料,利用快速拉格朗日分析程序FLAC3D建立了该区域的数值计算模型,使用了随深度变化的侧压力系数以及应力和位移的混合边界条件,通过模拟引水隧洞沿线不同岩性的岩石、断层破碎带和蚀变带进行正分析计算。根据工程现场实测点的主应力数据,基于径向基函数（RBF）神经网络原理,反演了计算区域的岩体力学参数和初始地应力场。其计算结果与实测地应力值基本吻合,满足精度要求,说明反演结果与工程实际相符,所使用的反演方法是合理的。 相似文献
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深埋特长隧道工程区地应力场的预测一直是工程技术人员面临的难题,而工程地质综合分析法则可为工程区地应力场的分析提供较为全面准确的结论。因此,本文以滇东北典型深埋特长隧道——乐红隧道为例,采用综合分析法来研究工程区的地应力场特征。首先基于中国大陆应力分区,利用Anderson断层力学理论、震源机制解及实测地应力统计数据来获取研究区主应力方向。其次,基于工程地质勘察成果,利用Hoek-Brown强度准则对工程区的岩体强度进行了初步估算。在此基础上,利用修正Sheorey模型对工程区地应力量值水平进行了预测。分析结果表明,工程区以先进构造应力为主导。其中:水平最大主应力优势方位为N20°~60°W,应力场方向较为稳定。地应力量值水平预测结果表明,工程区在埋深500 m左右时,最大、最小水平主应力量值范围分别为11.2~20.5 MPa、6.6~12.2 MPa;埋深在1000 m左右时的最大、最小水平主应力量值范围分别为25.9~28.2 MPa、15.4~17.1 MPa。工程区在埋深超过500 m时的高地应力情况下,可能存在岩爆风险,而围岩大变形的问题几乎不存在。综合分析法的预测结果与现场实测数据较为吻合,表明该方法在线状公路隧道地应力状态的预测分析中,具有良好的应用效果。 相似文献
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The large-scale construction of railway tunnels in China is hindered by several challenges, including large depths, large tunnel cross-sections, and fragile geological conditions. In this paper, we explored a new physical and numerical simulation method that improves upon the currently used methods to investigate the deformation and failure modes of weak rocks surrounding a tunnel. We also compared the results from physical tests and numerical simulations with the field measurements to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed numerical simulation method. In the physical model test, an artificial speckle field was developed by staining quartz sand particles and mixing the particles with barite powder and petroleum jelly in preset proportions. The artificial speckle field was employed in the digital speckle correlation method (DSCM) to monitor the evolution of the strain field on the surface of the plain strain model for tunneling during loading. A secondary strain-softening constitutive model using the numerical modeling code FLAC3D was developed (degradation constitutive model) by considering the deformation modulus degradation in the numerical simulation. The failure mode of weak rocks surrounding a tunnel in the physical model test was examined using the developed degradation constitutive model. Both the physical and numerical results revealed that the least stable area was the shear wedge along the minimum principal stress, which was confirmed in the damage zone of the surrounding rocks. The results were consistent with previous research findings. The results of the DSCM in the physical model test indicated that the shear wedge in the middle part of the tunnel and the cracks around the arch of the tunnel were induced by shear strain, whereas the collapse of the arch was attributed to a combination of tensile strain and shear strain. A comparison of the physical and numerical simulation results demonstrated that the degradation constitutive model can be used to describe the extent and depth of the excavation damage zone of tunneling. A comparison of the displacements from the numerical simulation and field measurements indicated that the degradation model can be used to capture the displacement of weak rocks surrounding tunnels. 相似文献
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浅埋偏压隧道出口变形机理及稳定性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以皖南某公路浅埋偏压隧道出口段高边坡为研究对象,提出了零开挖进洞的施工方案,并结合洞口的工程地质条件,采取必要的加固措施。通过对该边坡现场工程地质条件的系统调查,首先对边坡的岩体结构类型及其成因机制、结构面与坡面组合特征进行细致研究,在此基础上通过FLAC3D数值模拟,结合工程地质条件分析,对其变形破坏机制进行深入探讨。研究结果表明,边坡的变形首先以隧道内侧存在的软弱岩体(挤压错动带、断层)的不均匀压缩为先导,进而引起上部岩体产生由NE向陡缓结构面构成的阶梯状滑动,这将会使隧道构筑物及隧道外壁承受较大的压应力,当压应力超过隧道构筑物及外壁的极限强度时将产生破坏,从而诱发上部岩体产生更大规模的地质灾害。基于此,隧道进洞开挖前首先应对上部岩体进行加固处理,避免隧道构筑物及隧道外壁产生应力集中现象。 相似文献