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1.
Yan Xing P. H. S. W. Kulatilake L. A. Sandbak 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(1):45-67
Stability and deformation of rock masses around tunnels in underground mines play significant roles on the safety and efficient exploitation of the ore body. Therefore, understanding of geomechanical behavior around underground excavations is important and necessary. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical model was built and stress analyses were performed by using 3DEC software for an underground mine in USA using the available information on stratigraphy, geological structures and mechanical properties of rock masses and discontinuities. Investigations were conducted to study the effect of the lateral stress ratio (K0), material constitutive models, boundary conditions and rock support system on the stability of rock masses around the tunnels. Results of the stress, displacement, failure zone, accumulated plastic shear strain and post-failure cohesion distributions were obtained for these cases. Finally, comparisons of the deformation were made between the field deformation measurements and numerical simulations. 相似文献
2.
泥化弱胶结软岩地层中矩形巷道的变形破坏过程分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在西部地区,一定数量的矿区处于泥化弱胶结软岩地层,此类软岩胶结性差、强度低、遇水泥化。矩形是采区巷道的常用型式,但其断面受力不均、稳定性差。在上述软岩地层中的矩形巷道承载力低、变形量大、变形持续时间长,给煤矿的安全生产带来极大困难。以内蒙古新上海一号煤矿皮带顺槽矩形巷道为背景,运用FLAC3D软件中的Cvisc黏弹塑性模型,对矩形巷道的变形破坏进行了数值模拟,并将模拟结果与现场监测结果对比分析。结果表明:巷道开挖支护后,受断面形状影响,矩形巷道四角出现压应力集中和顶板受拉区,巷道顶板下沉量大,底板底臌严重,两帮向巷道挤出;受围岩岩性影响,围岩进入塑性的时间快短、范围大,塑性区超出了支护体的作用范围,造成锚杆(索)的锚固效果难以完全发挥,围岩出现整体滑动的现象;巷道变形呈现出流变变形的特性,变形量随时间持续增加,持续的蠕变变形超出了支护体的可控范围,最终引起巷道的失稳破坏。 相似文献
3.
Baotang Shen 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(6):2225-2238
Roadway instability has always been a major concern in deep underground coal mines where the surrounding rock strata and coal seams are weak and the in situ stresses are high. Under the high overburden and tectonic stresses, roadways could collapse or experience excessive deformation, which not only endangers mining personnel but could also reduce the functionality of the roadway and halt production. This paper describes a case study on the stability of roadways in an underground coal mine in Shanxi Province, China. The mine was using a longwall method to extract coal at a depth of approximately 350 m. Both the coal seam and surrounding rock strata were extremely weak and vulnerable to weathering. Large roadway deformation and severe roadway instabilities had been experienced in the past, hence, an investigation of the roadway failure mechanism and new support designs were needed. This study started with an in situ stress measurement programme to determine the stress orientation and magnitude in the mine. It was found that the major horizontal stress was more than twice the vertical stress in the East–West direction, perpendicular to the gateroads of the longwall panel. The high horizontal stresses and low strength of coal and surrounding rock strata were the main causes of roadway instabilities. Detailed numerical modeling was conducted to evaluate the roadway stability and deformation under different roof support scenarios. Based on the modeling results, a new roadway support design was proposed, which included an optimal cable/bolt arrangement, full length grouting, and high pre-tensioning of bolts and cables. It was expected the new design could reduce the roadway deformation by 50 %. A field experiment using the new support design was carried out by the mine in a 100 m long roadway section. Detailed extensometry and stress monitorings were conducted in the experimental roadway section as well as sections using the old support design. The experimental section produced a much better roadway profile than the previous roadway sections. The monitoring data indicated that the roadway deformation in the experimental section was at least 40–50 % less than the previous sections. This case study demonstrated that through careful investigation and optimal support design, roadway stability in soft rock conditions can be significantly improved. 相似文献
4.
Fractures developed around high pressurized gas or air storage tunnels can progressively extend to the ground surface, eventually leading to an uplift failure. A tool reasonably reproducing the failure patterns is necessary for stability assessment. In this study, a numerical method based on the element-free Galerkin (EFG) method with a cohesive crack model is developed to simulate fracture propagation patterns in the rock mass around a tunnel under high internal pressure. A series of physical model tests was also conducted to validate the reliability of the developed method. A qualitative agreement between physical model tests and numerical results can be obtained. The in situ stress ratio, k, has a strong influence on both the position of crack initiation and the propagation direction. The numerical analyses were extended to full-scale problems. Numerical tests were performed to investigate the prime influencing factors on the failure patterns of a high pressurized gas circular tunnel with varying parameters. The results suggest that initial in situ stress conditions with a high k (larger than 1) is favorable for construction of pressurized gas or air storage tunnels. 相似文献
5.
Groundwater Effect on Faulted Rock Mass: An Evaluation of Modi Khola Pressure Tunnel in the Nepal Himalaya 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Groundwater has a negative impact not only in construction activity, but also in stability of a tunnel. Severity increases particularly in tunnels passing through fault gouge and breccia, where rock material is completely crushed and extremely weak. Instantaneous collapse and excessive plastic deformation is most likely in tunnels passing through such zones. Often, ‘flowing’ conditions may prevail if groundwater is mixed in the rock mass. This paper presents one such tunnel case in the Nepal Himalaya; i.e. the Modi pressure tunnel. This pressure tunnel passes through a tectonic fault consisting of gouge material. High deformation in the tunnel was observed while excavating the tunnel through the fault. Based on the tunnel deformation that was actually measured, the paper first back-calculates the rock mass strength by analytical approach. Then, the extent of in-situ stress condition in the area is determined by numerical modeling for the rock mass with no ground water in consideration. The ground water effect is then analyzed. We found that the effect of ground water with a static head <1.5 bar pressure may increase the deformation by up to a maximum of 30 %. Finally, we briefly discuss uncertainties related to the input parameter study and used methodologies. 相似文献
6.
Modeling and monitoring in a soft argillaceous shale tunnel 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Taking advantage of measurements from an in situ monitoring program and an elastoplastic model using the finite-difference
method, this paper simulates and evaluates the deformation and stability of a tunnel in soft argillaceous shale. The elastoplastic
model is implemented in FLAC3D program to simulate the deformation and the stress of the soft argillaceous shale during construction.
In situ tests performed in the soft argillaceous shale tunnel show that the results from numerical simulations are in good
quantitative agreement with the measured in situ data. Results of the simulations also suggest that deformation rate is high
during the initial phase of tunnel excavation, compared with the later phase, but the time to reach a steady state remains
long. Entire primary support has been undergoing plastic deformation before construction of the secondary lining, which takes
the form of so-called “shear yield” from the middle to the bottom of the arch. Some auxiliary measures, especially the anchor,
should be applied to enhance stabilization because of the large compressive stress located at the arch springing of the tunnel.
The methodology applied in this article can be used to investigate the effect of construction on the performance of tunnels
in soft argillaceous shale. 相似文献
7.
Determining anisotropic deformation surrounding underground excavations for tunnels is an intuitional task that involves many difficulties due to the inherent anisotropies in the strength and deformability of natural rocks. This study investigates joint-induced anisotropic deformation surrounding a tunnel via a numerical simulation that accounts for the mechanical behavior of intact rock, the orientations of joint sets, and the mechanical behavior of joint planes; this numerical simulation can model the complete stress–strain relationship with anisotropic rock mass characteristics. Simulation results demonstrate that the well-known excavation-induced stress variation–decrease in the radial component and increase in the tangential component–decrease shear strength and increase shear stress for the joint plane tangential to the tunnel wall, resulting in joint sliding failure and considerable shear deformation. This joint sliding failure and significant shear deformation account for the joint-induced anisotropic deformation surrounding a tunnel. When a rock mass has two joint sets with unfavorable joint orientations, the area with joint sliding failure can deteriorate mutually, resulting in large anisotropic deformation. Additionally, for a rock mass containing three joint sets with well-distributed orientations, joint sliding in various joint sets and associated stress variations can counter balance each other, resulting in less anisotropic deformation than those of rock masses containing one or two joint sets. 相似文献
8.
开滦矿区吕家坨矿现今构造应力场的三维有限元数值模拟 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文在前人对吕家坨矿进行矿井构造、水文地质、巷道变形等研究的基础上，结合该地区的震源机制解及有关的应力实测值，对矿区现今构造应力场进行了三维数值模拟，并对模拟结果进行了线性回归分析，得到了与现实较为符合的结论，为更合理的巷道布置和更经济而安全的巷道支护提供依据。 相似文献
9.
Numerical Analyses of the Influence of Blast-Induced Damaged Rock Around Shallow Tunnels in Brittle Rock 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Most of the railway tunnels in Sweden are shallow-seated (<20 m of rock cover) and are located in hard brittle rock masses.
The majority of these tunnels are excavated by drilling and blasting, which, consequently, result in the development of a
blast-induced damaged zone around the tunnel boundary. Theoretically, the presence of this zone, with its reduced strength
and stiffness, will affect the overall performance of the tunnel, as well as its construction and maintenance. The Swedish
Railroad Administration, therefore, uses a set of guidelines based on peak particle velocity models and perimeter blasting
to regulate the extent of damage due to blasting. However, the real effects of the damage caused by blasting around a shallow
tunnel and their criticality to the overall performance of the tunnel are yet to be quantified and, therefore, remain the
subject of research and investigation. This paper presents a numerical parametric study of blast-induced damage in rock. By
varying the strength and stiffness of the blast-induced damaged zone and other relevant parameters, the near-field rock mass
response was evaluated in terms of the effects on induced boundary stresses and ground deformation. The continuum method of
numerical analysis was used. The input parameters, particularly those relating to strength and stiffness, were estimated using
a systematic approach related to the fact that, at shallow depths, the stress and geologic conditions may be highly anisotropic.
Due to the lack of data on the post-failure characteristics of the rock mass, the traditional Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion
was assumed and used. The results clearly indicate that, as expected, the presence of the blast-induced damage zone does affect
the behaviour of the boundary stresses and ground deformation. Potential failure types occurring around the tunnel boundary
and their mechanisms have also been identified. 相似文献
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针对红庆梁煤矿回采巷道变形严重问题，采用空心包体地应力测量方法对红庆梁煤矿3-1煤的地应力进行了实测，获得地应力场分布特征。应用地质动力区划法划分红庆梁井田Ⅰ—Ⅴ级断裂构造，应用“岩体应力状态分析系统”，进行应力区划分和巷道稳定性分析。研究表明:红庆梁煤矿地应力场属于以水平压应力为主导的水平构造应力场，地应力场方向对巷道稳定性影响较小；井田范围内共划分4个应力区:低应力区、正常应力区、应力梯度区、高应力区，分别占井田面积的5.9%、55.7%、27.0%、11.4%；应力大小是影响巷道稳定性的主要原因，致使处于应力梯度区和高应力区内的巷道变形严重。地应力场的分布特征分析和应力区的划分对红庆梁煤矿及类似条件矿井的采掘部署和支护设计具有重要作用。移动阅读 相似文献
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随着大量深埋地下工程的建设,尤其是大型矿山,与巷道围岩稳定有关的各种地质灾害问题突出,因此其一直备受关注。某铁矿巷道埋深450～800m,变形剧烈,局部持续大变形,呈条带状臌出。地应力实测结果表明,矿区地应力总体特征为σv≥σH〉σh,现今水平构造作用明显,最大水平主应力为13-21MPa,接近岩体自重。大变形洞段围岩为裂隙化岩体,强度低,蠕变性明显。有限元分析表明,巷道开挖后在边墙与顶拱和底板交界处产生约40MPa的高应力,造成了围岩变形破坏。后期围岩在高应力作用下产生大变形,其宏观变形破坏特征与软岩相似。另围岩加固与支护发现,普通的挂网喷锚支护已很难适应高应力条件下的岩体大变形。论文基于地应力实测结果,通过对巷道围岩大变形成因机制的探讨以及原加固支护效果的总结,为后期巷道围岩变形破坏的防治提供了参考。 相似文献
14.
偏压隧道是公路和铁路建设中经常遇到的隧道类型,由于其受力的不对称性及设计、施工的特殊性,一直是隧道施工研究的热点。以往针对偏压隧道的研究主要集中在偏压隧道的成因、围岩稳定性、应力应变分布规律及施工影响等方面,但缺少对偏压隧道偏压应力比以及公路、铁路设计规范给出条件的偏压应力比的研究,而且公路和铁路设计规范中给出的偏压隧道对应的坡面倾角和隧道埋置深度缺少相关理论来支撑。本文针对铁路双线隧道设计规范给出的临界坡度和覆盖层厚度条件,采用数值模拟的方法,求出地形偏压隧道对称位置的应力比值,定量分析了规范给定条件下偏压应力比的特征值。结果表明：在保证安全的前提下,当Ⅲ级围岩拱肩应力比大于7.45、Ⅳ（土）级围岩拱肩应力比大于2.23、Ⅳ（石）级围岩拱肩应力比大于3.34、Ⅴ级围岩拱肩处应力比大于1.06时,可将隧道考虑成偏压隧道,从而为定量判别偏压隧道提供理论依据。 相似文献
15.
INTRODUCTIONThe stability of underground structures duringand after excavation is the most i mportant factor fordesigners because any kind of collapse may destroylarge parts of a finished tunnel,thereby causing ma-jor repairs and ti me loss.To avoid this problem,rock bolts are widely used as ani mportant support el-ement.These are economical,have a short installa-tion ti me,and provide reinforcement to maintain theintegrity of the stressed rock.The effect of the bearing capacity of rock b… 相似文献
16.
深部层状节理岩体分区破裂模型试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着地下工程开挖深度的增加,深部洞室围岩将产生不同于浅部洞室的分区破裂现象。为深入研究深部岩体分区破裂现象的形成机制和影响因素,以淮南矿区丁集煤矿的深部巷道为工程背景,利用模型相似材料和高地应力真三维加载模型试验系统,首次开展了带有软弱夹层的层状节理岩体的真三维地质力学模型试验。结果表明：（1）在满足一定应力条件下,带有软弱夹层的层状节理试验模型出现明显的分区破裂现象;（2）软弱夹层是影响层状节理岩体分区破裂现象的重要因素,在相同的应力条件下,软弱夹层使得巷道围岩的径向位移和应变明显增加;并且软弱夹层的间距越小,洞周破裂区的层数越多,范围越大;（3）洞周破裂区的形状近似为圆形,与是否存在软弱夹层及软弱夹层间距均无关。模型试验结果有效揭示了分区破裂的影响因素,为深入研究高地应力深部岩体的非线性变形破坏特征奠定了坚实的试验基础。 相似文献
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隧道失稳和维护困难是高地应力隧道的普遍问题,对隧道的支护设计提出了更高的要求。研究从地下工程岩体应力环境变化和岩体强度变化的角度探讨了高应力隧道围岩的变形破坏机制。根据重庆某深埋隧道围岩实际情况,运用FLAC3D三维显式有限差分法分析软件,建立了摩尔-库仑剪破坏与拉破坏复合的应变软化模型。通过隧道的三维数值计算,分析了高应力环境下隧道周边塑性区分布、应力场、位移场等的分布特点,得到了高应力隧道围岩在高地应力环境下的破坏规律。通过物理模型验证了高应力隧道围岩的破坏特点,并进行了超载试验,将其与数值模拟进行对比,进一步验证了所建数值模型的科学性。 相似文献
19.
Shi-ming Gao Jian-ping Chen Chang-qun Zuo Wei Wang Yang Sun 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2016,34(4):1089-1099
Optimization of the support used when constructing tunnels in soft surrounding rock has long been a hotspot in engineering. To control the deformation of soft rock and ensure construction safety, this paper proposes a support scheme involving weakening the anchor bolts while enhancing the rigidity and strength of the primary supports. This was realized by combining the large deformations that often occurred during the construction of the Youfangping tunnel of the Gucheng-Zhuxi expressway. Moreover, the scheme was analyzed and compared with the original scheme and one involving weakening the anchor bolts. In addition, the displacement deformations, force conditions on the anchor bolts, development of plastic zones, stress on the shotcrete, and force conditions on the secondary lining structure were analyzed via numerical simulation for the different support schemes. Concomitantly, three groups of experimental sections were selected on-site to monitor and measure the deformations and force conditions of the surrounding rock for these three support schemes. The numerical simulations and field-monitoring results show that weakening the anchor bolts has a small effect on the overall support provided by the support system. However, it can simply the process and reduce engineering costs. Moreover, increasing the rigidity and strength of the initial supports can effectively control the large deformations in the surrounding rock. Therefore, a support scheme in which anchor bolts are weakened while the rigidity and strength of the initial supports are enhanced, as presented in this paper, proves to be feasible method of support optimization. It also provides a useful reference for optimizing other similar tunnels along the expressway. 相似文献
20.
Effect of Blast-Induced Vibration from New Railway Tunnel on Existing Adjacent Railway Tunnel in Xinjiang, China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The vibrations of existing service tunnels induced by blast-excavation of adjacent tunnels have attracted much attention from both academics and engineers during recent decades in China. The blasting vibration velocity (BVV) is the most widely used controlling index for in situ monitoring and safety assessment of existing lining structures. Although numerous in situ tests and simulations had been carried out to investigate blast-induced vibrations of existing tunnels due to excavation of new tunnels (mostly by bench excavation method), research on the overall dynamical response of existing service tunnels in terms of not only BVV but also stress/strain seemed limited for new tunnels excavated by the full-section blasting method. In this paper, the impacts of blast-induced vibrations from a new tunnel on an existing railway tunnel in Xinjiang, China were comprehensively investigated by using laboratory tests, in situ monitoring and numerical simulations. The measured data from laboratory tests and in situ monitoring were used to determine the parameters needed for numerical simulations, and were compared with the calculated results. Based on the results from in situ monitoring and numerical simulations, which were consistent with each other, the original blasting design and corresponding parameters were adjusted to reduce the maximum BVV, which proved to be effective and safe. The effect of both the static stress before blasting vibrations and the dynamic stress induced by blasting on the total stresses in the existing tunnel lining is also discussed. The methods and related results presented could be applied in projects with similar ground and distance between old and new tunnels if the new tunnel is to be excavated by the full-section blasting method. 相似文献