共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 562 毫秒
1.
穿越坍方区及断层带的隧洞检修洞施工方案 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
详细介绍了昆明掌鸠河引水供水工程厂口隧洞检修支洞主洞穿越坍方区及断层带的施工方案,内容包括坍方冒顶情况描述、地表陷穴处理、洞内坍方体处理和穿越坍方区施工步骤与技术措施。施工实践表明,所介绍的施工方案合理可行,效果良好。 相似文献
2.
Zheng Yang Wu Ke Sun Jie Chen Rong Li Yameng Yang Shifeng 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(7):4765-4780
In the construction of the tunnel passing through the existing structure at an ultra-close distance, the existing structure will produce obvious deformation. It is very important to understand the deformation characteristics of the existing upper structure at different positions, especially to ensure the safety of the upper structure and improve the effectiveness of tunnel construction. In this study, the double-line tunnels of Qingdao Metro Line 4 passing under the Cuobuling station were taken as the engineering background, and a detailed 3D numerical model was established. This study comprehensively considered the on-site construction process, including grouting hardening, stress release of the excavated rock mass, grouting pressure and so on. The influence of tunnel excavation on the ground settlement was compared with or without a station structure, and the result was fitted with an empirical formula. Finally, the deformation of the station structure due to the excavation of the double-line tunnels was analyzed. The results of the analysis were as follows: (1) In the presence of the station structure, the excavation of the tunnels had a significant impact on the surface settlement. (2) The settlement of the sidewall caused by the excavation of the left-line tunnel was greater than that of the right-line tunnel, and the settlement at the junction of the sidewall and the bottom plate was smaller than that at other positions of the sidewall. (3) Compared with the roof and middle slabs, the floor of the station was more susceptible to the influence of tunnel excavation. Overall, the research could provide guidance and reference for similar double-line tunnels through existing stations.
相似文献3.
融化作用下多年冻土隧道围岩的弹塑性解及其与支护的相互作用分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
多年冻土隧道修建中,施工活动产生的热量将导致多年冻土围岩中出现一定范围的融化圈,进而影响支护的受力以及隧道洞室的收敛。将围岩分为融化区和未融化区,将融化区围岩视为弹塑性介质,未融化区围岩视为弹性介质,建立并求解融化作用下多年冻土隧道围岩弹塑性模型,对不同的围岩条件及支护工况下多年冻土段隧道施工中围岩与支护的相互作用进行分析。结果表明,该模型表现了融化作用下多年冻土围岩与支护相互作用的特征;在较差围岩中,喷射混凝土支护的强度是控制融化作用下多年冻土围岩稳定以及隧道周边位移量的关键因素。在多年冻土隧道施工中,可采用本模型确定施工中容许的最大围岩融化深度,施工中应采取有效措施避免围岩中出现过大的融化圈。 相似文献
4.
通过分析不同结构围岩的变形机制研究隧道变形的尺寸效应,研究结果表明隧道围岩变形的尺寸效应与围岩的变形机制存在密切的关系。围岩中由于结构面的存在使围岩的变形机制复杂多样,主要包括材料变形和结构变形两大类,围岩变形的尺寸效应也主要体现在材料变形和结构变形两方面。围岩材料变形包括弹性变形和塑性变形,均与围岩断面尺寸呈线性比例关系;围岩结构变形的尺寸效应表现为：（1）围岩结构类型随隧道断面尺寸的增大而发生改变,不同类型的围岩其变形机制不同,不同变形机制产生的围岩变形量相差较大;（2）在同一种围岩结构下,相同变形机制产生的围岩变形量也会随着隧道尺寸增大而呈现不同的变化规律,如在块状围岩中,隧道周边不可动块体会随着隧道断面尺寸的增大而转化成可动块体,从而发生滑动或者滚动变形,甚至坍塌;在层状围岩中,岩层的弯曲变形与隧道断面尺寸的平方成正比。 相似文献
5.
水底隧道饱水地层衬砌作用荷载研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
与山岭隧道所不同,采用矿山法修建水底隧道,二次衬砌将承受很大外水压力,特别是穿越饱水破碎地层时,具有很大的施工风险。以厦门翔安海底隧道为工程背景,针对F4风化深槽地层,研究不同水位条件下,衬砌荷载与排放流量及排放方式之间相关关系。研究得出：当控制排放量为全排条件流量1/3左右时,可卸掉80%外水压力;从环境和经济角度考虑,可将出现拐点折减系数0.2作为水底隧道限量排放的设计基准值;从支护结构体系组成考虑,对于F4强风化深槽破碎围岩,必须施作注浆圈,才可以保证在水压、土压共同作用下衬砌结构安全,结果显示施作注浆圈能够减少衬砌作用荷载30%～40%,提高安全系数几乎一倍;从主体结构受力特征看,水底隧道最不利受力位置在墙脚和仰拱,因此,无论是防水型还是排水型隧道,均应对仰拱形式及支护参数加强设计。 相似文献
6.
We have examined microstructures, mineralogical composition, geochemical alteration, and texture of four selected fault rock samples from the Deep Geodynamical Laboratory (DGLab) Gulf of Corinth project using optical microscopy, cathodoluminescence microscopy (CL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. The fault core is composed of red and gray clayey gouge material and surrounded by a damage zone of brecciated limestones. Pressure solution features, calcite veins and calcite clasts in the breccia and gouge material attest the presence of paleo-fluids and fluid-driven mass transfer during deformation. Differences in CL-colors between the matrix and calcite vein cement and inside the vein cement suggest repeated infiltration of fluids with different composition from various sources (formation water and meteoric water). Twin lamellae densities estimated in calcite veins are used as paleo-piezometer. The deduced differential stress is ∼140 ± 70 MPa for the older vein generation and appears to be higher than stress for the youngest veins (45 ± 23 MPa). In spite of the relatively small clay content in both samples, newly formed clay minerals have been observed in gray as well as red clayey gouge material. Differences between gray and red clay gouge material are found in fault rock composition, porosity and clay fabric. The proportion of chlorite in the red gouge is significantly less than that in the gray gouge whereas the initial porosity is significantly higher than in the gray gouge material. The detection of a well-oriented clay fabric in red clay gouge samples is unique in comparison to other major fault zones. 相似文献
7.
Characteristics of Water Ingress in Norwegian Subsea Tunnels 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Bjørn Nilsen 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(3):933-945
8.
以龙厦铁路象山特长隧道地质构造发育、埋深大于500 m段围岩压力及围岩变形的现场测试资料为依据,对大埋深隧道地质构造发育段围岩压力的特点、变形压力的形成机制等进行了研究。研究表明：大埋深隧道,结构面或褶曲、逆断层发育,但地下水不发育的地段,即使围岩强度较高,隧道开挖后仍可能出现较大的变形;围岩较大变形主要是由于在自重应力和残余构造应力作用下被挤密的结构面在隧道开挖后因侧向限制消除而张开、扩容引起的,受其影响,初期支护将受到较大的围岩变形压力。上述地段围岩压力具有下列特点：（1）地下水不发育区段的围岩压力比地下水发育区段的大;（2）隧道纵向发育向斜的区段,拱顶至拱腰段围岩压力最大,越趋向于向斜核部,拱顶围岩压力越大;（3）发育褶曲的断面,与褶曲轴线垂直方向的围岩压力较大;（4）发育逆断层的断面,与断层倾向相反侧的围岩压力较大,该侧断层面附近的围岩压力最大,对侧断层面附近的围岩压力最小;（5）下台阶的围岩压力比上台阶的小,两者的相对差随上、下台阶施工间隔时间的延长而增大。 相似文献
9.
糯扎渡水电站1#导流隧洞三维非线性有限元开挖模拟分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
糯扎渡水电站1#导流隧洞开挖经过F3断层,开挖过程中,F3断层影响带附近的岩体力学参数直接控制着围岩的变形和应力分布。为了评判后续Ⅱ,Ⅲ层开挖围岩的稳定性,首先利用隧洞第Ⅰ层开挖的位移监测数据反演出F3断层附近围岩的岩体力学参数和初始地应力场;然后,利用反演得到的初始地应力场和岩体力学参数进行Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ层开挖模拟分析,得到了F3断层附近围岩的应力变形情况。计算结果表明：随着开挖的不断进行,隧洞F3断层周围岩体的约束逐渐解除,围岩的应力逐渐增大,隧洞周边的位移也不断增大,并且隧洞周围应力变形在F3断层中心区域有明显的错动现象,说明F3断层对隧洞的开挖影响比较大,有必要对此区域后期变形加强观测和分析。 相似文献
10.
This paper presents a case study of the instability mechanisms, and the excavation sequence, re-qualification and reinforcement methods adopted to pass through a short segment of a nearly 2-km tunnel built as part of a new 55-km state highway in northern Turkey. The instability problems were encountered during tunnel excavation due to the failure to recognize the fact that alteration in stress field and resulting deformation could cause dilation and increase in the permeability of claystone-shale layers and local fault gouge zones, and in turn significant reduction in shear strength. Change in natural drainage pattern and capillarity exacerbated saturation and the consequent strength reduction. The 92-m3 loose material flowed into the tunnel due to the collapse and caused 2.5 months of delay in completion of the tunnel. Longitudinal and oblique cracks observed in shotcrete were attributed to the reduction in modulus upon saturation, which caused a large cumulative deformation of approximately 110 mm at a section about 30 m behind the collapse face.
It is concluded that early detection or prediction of potentially problematic zones (via probe drilling and monitoring) in tunnelling is of paramount importance, especially through mixed or difficult ground conditions characterized by alternating layers, folding, faulting and localized zones of high water pressure. Because mechanical detection methods cannot be fully relied upon, availability of experienced personnel to predict and deal with such instability problems effectively and promptly is the best insurance for successful completion of tunnelling contracts. 相似文献
11.
浅埋双连拱隧道围岩边坡体系变形机理及稳定性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
双连拱隧道是一种新的隧道形式, 由于其整体跨度大、结构复杂、施工工序繁琐, 在地形偏压、地质条件复杂的情况下修建双连拱隧道难度较高, 尤其在洞口段容易出现衬砌开裂、边坡变形等一系列工程问题。结合安徽铜黄高速公路汤屯段富溪隧道进口段工程, 采用地质条件研究与数值模拟分析相结合的研究手段, 对复杂地质条件下偏压双连拱隧道围岩① 边坡体系在施工过程中应力应变发展过程进行了研究。综合分析表明, 富溪隧道进口段处于F5断层影响带内, 岩体呈碎裂结构,同时, 受到地形偏压影响, 隧道开挖后衬砌和围岩表现为沉降变形和侧向变形, 进口边坡在隧道围岩变形的诱导下, 表现为蠕滑- 拉裂变形破裂。根据以上研究成果, 提出了富溪隧道变形治理应以控制进口段隧道拱顶的变形为主。 相似文献
12.
Jinxing Lai Xiuling Wang Junling Qiu Jianxun Chen Zhinan Hu Hao Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(19):706
The Qingling–Bashan (QB) mountain region in southern Shaanxi mainly consists of strongly compressive zones from east to west, with tight folds and compressive fractures. There is a wide distribution of soft rocks of various types, such as phyllite and slate, accompanied by complex geological structures. Ironically, tunnel construction in these difficult grounds with complicated geological conditions embraces a high risk of extreme deformation due to various unpredictable reasons, which can frequently cause collapse and result in budget overruns during the construction period. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct effective countermeasures to eliminate or avoid such adverse impacts. This paper provides a case study on the “Yingfeng tunnel” (a tunnel constructed in soft rock consisting of a slate ground) based on a geological survey, indoor experiments and in situ monitoring. A successive rock mass deformation resulted in the tunnel lining seriously intruding into construction clearance and some other sections, even collapsing during the construction. The maximum displacement amount was 62.5 cm, while the maximum deformation speed reached as high as 34.18 mm/day. Additionally, to evaluate the construction impacts of tunnelling-induced geo-hazards, an investigation on extreme deformation was conducted. Considering the time-dependent features of the rock mass deformation, the constraint-convergence method was used to put forward applicable countermeasures in this paper. Finally, from the feedbacks of monitoring results, extreme deformation of the Yingfeng tunnel was effectively controlled. 相似文献
13.
14.
Deyu Qian Nong Zhang Mingwei Zhang Hideki Shimada Peng Cao Yanlong Chen Kai Wen Sen Yang Nianchao Zhang 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(13):285
Faults are complex geological conditions that are commonly encountered during underground excavation. Many support schemes, such as using a single pilot heading method and 30-m-long borehole pre-grouting, have been implemented during the pilot excavation of an 800-m-deep underground opening that passes through large fault zones in East China. However, various geo-hazards, including groundwater inrush, debris flow, and roof collapse, are still occurring, which seriously threaten tunneling safety. To eliminate the geo-hazards and ensure tunneling safety, ground surface pre-grouting (GSPG) was proposed and implemented for the first time to reinforce the regional engineering rock mass for this proposed 800-m-deep underground opening passing through large fault zones. The minimum grouting pressure of GSPG at a depth of 800 m below the surface is put forward based on hydraulic fracturing theory, providing valuable guidance for GSPG engineering practice. Engineering practice demonstrates that GSPG eliminates geo-hazards, improves the objective rock mass stability, and ensures tunneling safety. Field measurements indicate that the displacement velocity of the surrounding rock shows an obvious fluctuation response under the influence of GSPG, and the impact of GSPG on the stability of the 800-m-deep underground opening that has been excavated dramatically decreases as the distance from the grouting borehole increases. Moreover, there is a strong negative exponential correlation between the maximum velocity of deformations and the distance from the grouting borehole. In addition, the safe distance underground during GSPG is greater than 137 m. 相似文献
15.
深埋长隧道TBM施工关键问题探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对深埋长隧道开挖所面临的高水压、高地压、高地温、大变形、难支护等问题,分析总结传统钻爆法开挖与支护技术、全断面隧道掘进机（TBM）施工技术、TBM导洞扩挖技术应用中的优劣,TBM导洞扩挖法为深埋长隧道开挖提供了新的设计思路。由于深埋长隧道的建设环境与浅埋隧道建设环境存在显著差异,TBM施工将面临3个关键问题--岩爆问题、卡盾（大变形）问题和未准确探测前方地质而发生的施工事故（涌水、突泥等）。为揭示TBM施工过程中卡盾的存在性,分别针对某一特定地质条件下深埋软、硬岩TBM施工进行理论分析和数值模拟研究。结果表明,软岩地层TBM施工发生卡盾,而硬岩完整地层TBM施工未发生卡盾。 相似文献
16.
隧道斜交穿越地裂缝的模型试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西安地区由北向南间隔分布有十多条近东西走向的地裂缝,建设中的多条地铁线路与地裂缝呈斜交状态。为了揭示地铁隧道斜交穿越地裂缝时受地裂缝活动而产生的力学性状变化,采用50:1几何相似比尺的物理模型试验仪,在合理模拟围岩地层、衬砌结构、应力条件、地裂缝与洞轴线交角及其错动位移基础上,开展了斜交地裂缝活动条件下隧道衬砌结构与围岩相互作用的物理模型试验研究,并与正交地裂缝活动下的测试结果进行了对比分析。表明斜交地裂缝活动对地铁隧道的影响范围更大,各变形缝均有明显的沉降差发展;邻近斜交地裂缝的衬砌结构易处于“悬臂梁”受力状态,衬砌结构不均匀沉降使其产生旋转位移,围岩土压力变化使衬砌结构内力产生显著变化;随着地裂缝错动位移的发展,上盘内拱顶和下盘拱顶、拱底出现围岩作用的加强,而上盘拱底出现围岩作用的松弛。与隧道正交穿越地裂缝的情况比较,斜交穿越地裂缝时围岩土压力和衬砌结构内力变化更大,易出现拉裂破坏。 相似文献
17.
Valentina Vincenzi Alessandro Gargini Nico Goldscheider Leonardo Piccinini 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(3):947-965
Water inflows are a major challenge in tunnelling and particularly difficult to predict in geological settings consisting of heterogeneous sedimentary rock formations with complex tectonic structure. For a high-speed railway line between Bologna and Florence (Italy), a series of seven railway tunnels was drilled through turbiditic formations, ranging from pelitic rocks with thin arenitic layers over sequences including thick-bedded sandstone to calcareous rocks showing chemical dissolution phenomena (karstification). The tunnels were built as draining tunnels and caused significant impacts, such as drying of springs and base-flow losses at mountain streams. A comprehensive hydrological monitoring programme and four multi-tracer test were done, focusing on four sections of the tunnel system. The tracer tests delivered unprecedented data on groundwater flow and transport in turbiditic aquifers and made it possible to better characterize the differential impacts of tunnel drainage along a geological gradient. The impact radius is 200 m in the thin-bedded sequences but reaches 2.3–4.0 km in calcareous and thick-bedded arenitic turbidites. Linear flow velocities, as determined from the peaks of the tracer breakthrough curves, range from 3.6 m/day in the thin-bedded turbidites to 39 m/day in the calcareous rocks (average values from the four test sites). At several places, discrete fault zones were identified as main hydraulic pathways between impacted streams and draining tunnels. This case shows that ignoring the hydrogeological conditions in construction projects can cause terrible damage, and the study presents an approach to better predict hydraulic impacts of draining tunnels in complex sedimentary rock settings. 相似文献
18.
通过对西安地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带的大型物理模型试验成果的分析,提出在地裂缝活动时,穿越地裂缝带的地铁隧道有以下两个方面的变化特征：一是作用于隧道的荷载发生改变;二是在隧道底部产生脱空现象。这种脱空现象无论在整体式隧道还是盾构隧道中都会出现。造成隧道在界面上与土体脱空的原因是隧道和周围地层的变形不协调。脱空区域的大小对地铁隧道的变形与内力计算会产生明显影响。在对隧道变形特征分析的基础上,总结得出了西安地铁穿越地裂缝带隧道变形的4种计算模型：对于整体式长隧道,可以采用一端固定而另一端简支,或一端固定而另一端定向支承的计算模型;对于整体式短隧道,可以采用外伸梁模型;对于盾构隧道,可以采用一端固定而另一端定向支承的计算模型。最后,对脱空条件下隧道数值分析的建模问题进行了讨论。算例分析表明：在数值计算中,对于隧道与土体接触面的界面处理非常关键,否则将造成计算结果的重大误差。 相似文献
19.
隧道挤压型变形与支护特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对挤压型大变形问题,通过木寨岭隧道科研试验与相关资料分析,得出挤压型大变形具有变形量大、持续时间长的特点,一般两侧为变形优势部位。测试数据表明,刚性支护中围岩压力、拱架应力、锚杆轴力值均较大,其中拱架应力值可能超过材料屈服强度,边墙锚杆较拱部锚杆作用明显,围岩压力与变形增量呈反比关系;在挤压型变形隧道中允许有控制性地释放围岩变形,能够减小支护结构上的围岩压力,有利于隧道结构的长期稳定。文中阐述了可让式支护原理,对可让式支护结构预留变形量进行初步预测,数值计算表明,采用刚性支护将位移控制在较小的范围内需要足够大的刚度,而可让式支护具有能够允许围岩一定程度的变形同时减小支护结构受力的优势,可在铁路隧道中推广使用。 相似文献
20.
以西安地铁一号线朝阳门站一康复路站区段饱和软黄土地铁隧道为研究对象,通过施工期现场地表沉降变形监测,分析了在饱和软黄土特殊地层条件下隧道浅埋暗挖法施工引起的该区段地表沉降变形规律以及地表沉降槽分布特征。结果表明：在饱和软黄土隧道开挖时,随着掌子面的推进,隧道顶地表沉降可分为沉降微小阶段、沉降显著发展阶段、沉降缓慢阶段和沉降稳定阶段;单线隧道开挖后的最大地表沉降量为18．89mm,双线隧道开挖后的最大地表沉降量为36．4mm;已开挖隧道对围岩土体的扰动作用使得后开挖隧道的地表沉降发展较大;双线隧道的地表沉降槽宽度接近单线隧道沉降槽宽度的2倍,因此可以将其近似为单线隧道地表沉降槽宽度与双线隧道轴线中点距离之和;单线隧道开挖后地表沉降槽宽度为8．4～9．3m,双线隧道开挖后地表沉降槽宽度为16．2～17．5m;隧道开挖施工的沉降槽宽度参数为0．435～0．467,单线隧道开挖后的地层损失率为0．765％～1．324％,双线隧道开挖后的地层损失率为1．231％～2．200％。 相似文献