共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 359 毫秒
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煤矿地应力测量及其工程意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依据对淮北芦岭煤矿地应力测量及巷道工程变形破坏调查和分析，指出地应力的大小、方向和分布状态是井巷工程稳定性评价及其工程设计的重要依据。地应力测量对正确认识煤矿工程中的各种动力现象并阐明其机制，对煤矿工程设计更加合理、安全十分必要。 相似文献
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阎海鹏;尹万蕾;潘一山;李忠华;李国臻 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2013,24(4):119-126
地应力是煤矿开采等地下工程围岩变形与破坏的根本驱动力。为研究随煤矿开采深度的增加,地应力越来越大,井下应力环境发生变化,导致巷道大变形、冲击矿压、煤与瓦斯突出及突水等灾害的发生,与工程实测对比分析对某煤矿+400m水平的断层、褶皱地质构造应力场进行数值模拟研究,再现地应力的大小对开采活动的影响情况,充分了解应力场分布特征、煤岩体性质与结构特征,进行合理的、切合实际的围岩稳定性、围岩变形与破坏分析,为合理的支护设计与冲击地压的防治提供依据。模拟显示:(1)应力值大小分布的总体趋势是随深度的增加而逐渐增大,但在同一水平上应力值相差不大;(2)剪应力对断层的影响明显,剪应力值明显高于其余部分;(3)最大主应力大小分布的总体趋势是随深度的增加而逐渐增大,在煤层倾角变化比较大的区域出现应力升高区和应力降低区。与工程实际有很好的吻合。 相似文献
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本文主要是对解放沟现今河谷地应力场进行分析,研究地应力场的分布特征。经分析得出以下结论:模型现今河谷地应力场的分布符合地应力场分布的一般规律和锦屏河谷段特殊的应力分布特征,与锦屏其它模型模拟的结果相一致;模型中的F5、F8断层对地应力分布影响分为第一临界深度、第二临界深度和过渡深度三种情况;河谷区应力存在分带现象,可划分为岸坡至一定深度范围内的应力释放带、应力扰动带、原岩应力区和高地应力区。 相似文献
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潞安矿区井下地应力测量及分布规律研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
在山西潞安矿区的13个煤矿采用小孔径水压致裂地应力测量装置,完成了60个测点的原岩应力测量工作。实测数据表明：潞安矿区55%的测点最大水平主应力大于垂直主应力,由于受埋藏深度与地质构造影响,矿区内各矿地应力值差别较大,但地应力大小总体上属于中等地应力值;潞安矿区最大水平主应力方向从南到北变化较大,构造应力场呈现出多变的形态。在实测数据的基础上,绘制了潞安矿区地应力分布图;分析了地应力随埋藏深度的变化规律、平均水平主应力与垂直主应力的比值与埋藏深度的关系。煤矿井下地应力测量为井田开拓、巷道布置与支护设计等工程实践提供了可靠的基础参数,提高了工程设计的科学性、合理性与可靠性。 相似文献
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作为典型复合型顶板的矿山,沙曲矿区的工程地质条件受到多条构造带影响,采煤工作面顶底板均为不稳定性软岩,并含少量裂隙水。为了调查该矿区的地应力条件及地压规律,本文在沙曲矿区的主要开拓巷道中开展了6个地点的地应力测试,结果表明该矿区的地应力场比较均匀,属于准静水应力场。采用现场应力套孔解除和室内围压率测定的方法得到最大水平主应力数值在20.11～22.87(MPa)之间,侧压系数在2.25～2.85范围内,属较高应力;针对24101等工作面的大采高综采巷道进行了煤柱支承压力的现场监测,结果表明24101工作面的巷道煤柱应力分布特点可以分为塑性破坏区、峰值应力区和原岩应力区;同时,对南翼14204工作面顶板进行了离层监测和锚杆测力计载荷观测,结果进一步揭示了随着时间的推移,巷道顶板稳定性的衰减主要是由于离层数量的增加所造成的规律。该地应力及采场地压的综合监测及分析结果对沙曲矿区的支护设计和安全生产具有重要指导和实用价值。 相似文献
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为分析淮南煤田潘集煤矿外围勘查区的地应力分布规律,采用水压致裂法及装置,对研究区深部勘查区域地应力进行了测试。本次研究共完成3个钻孔、28个测点的现场实测,3个钻孔深度均超过1400 m,其中最大测点深度为1460 m。通过实测和分析,获得了勘查区的地应力状态及其分布规律。研究结果表明:(1)勘查区深度466~1460 m范围内最大水平主应力为13.62~54.58 MPa,最小水平主应力为11.79~37.93 MPa,最大水平主应力方向为NEE向,实测地应力值随着深度增加成近似线性增长的关系;(2)勘查区最大水平主应力与垂直应力的比值为1.03~1.44,平均比值为1.28,表明勘查区地应力状态以水平应力为主导;(3)在埋深450 m以深地应力场类型表现为构造应力场型,且随深度增加,构造应力显现也增大。测量结果可为勘查区矿井规划与煤炭开采设计提供科学依据。 相似文献
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深部三维地应力实测与巷道稳定性研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
原始地应力是地下工程围岩稳定与支护结构设计的一个基本参数。在唐口煤矿井下回风石门、西翼辅助运输石门等不同构造部位的3个测点采用空心包体应力解除法进行了现场地应力的实测工作,测点的埋深达1 024～1 030 m。详细介绍了三维地应力及其主应力的计算原理,并根据矿区实测地应力资料,分析了矿井地应力大小、方向变化和分布特征,进而获得了该矿区地应力的定性及定量资料,初步分析了地应力对巷道稳定性的影响,为巷道的合理支护结构设计提供了可靠依据。 相似文献
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针对淮南矿区顾北煤矿-648 m水平绞车房硐室底板突出严重,容易发生拉剪破坏的特点,首先采用FLAC3D对绞车房硐室支护前的围岩变形和应力分布特征进行了模拟分析：变截面处和底角应力集中明显,在高应力作用下底角剪切滑移和底板折断隆起是造成底臌的根本原因。基于分步联合支护理论,对绞车房硐室底板支护方案进行了优化,并对绞车房硐室表面与深部位移、锚索受力和基础内部应力进行了全方位监测,结果表明：原支护方案下巷道底板变形较大,巷道底角发生剪切滑移诱使巷道断面圆形化,注浆花管和底角地梁可以较好地抵抗底角处的剪切滑移;巷道底板变形量受地应力方位影响较大,采用新的底板联合支护方式不仅可以很好地满足绞车房硐室对底板变形的要求,还能加强两帮稳定性,同时保证了绞车房基础稳定。 相似文献
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为了分析同忻井田岩体应力空间分布特征及其与矿压显现的关系,利用地质动力区划方法对井田范围内的活动断裂进行识别和划分,以所划分的活动断块为构架,通过岩体应力状态分析系统计算确定了井田岩体应力状态,划定了高应力区、低应力区和高应力梯度区。结合矿压观测数据分析了矿压显现与岩体应力状态之间的关系,确定同忻井田矿压显现主要受到由活动断裂产生的高应力控制。研究结果可为同忻井田矿压显现预测及其控制提供指导。 相似文献
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Baotang Shen 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(6):2225-2238
Roadway instability has always been a major concern in deep underground coal mines where the surrounding rock strata and coal seams are weak and the in situ stresses are high. Under the high overburden and tectonic stresses, roadways could collapse or experience excessive deformation, which not only endangers mining personnel but could also reduce the functionality of the roadway and halt production. This paper describes a case study on the stability of roadways in an underground coal mine in Shanxi Province, China. The mine was using a longwall method to extract coal at a depth of approximately 350 m. Both the coal seam and surrounding rock strata were extremely weak and vulnerable to weathering. Large roadway deformation and severe roadway instabilities had been experienced in the past, hence, an investigation of the roadway failure mechanism and new support designs were needed. This study started with an in situ stress measurement programme to determine the stress orientation and magnitude in the mine. It was found that the major horizontal stress was more than twice the vertical stress in the East–West direction, perpendicular to the gateroads of the longwall panel. The high horizontal stresses and low strength of coal and surrounding rock strata were the main causes of roadway instabilities. Detailed numerical modeling was conducted to evaluate the roadway stability and deformation under different roof support scenarios. Based on the modeling results, a new roadway support design was proposed, which included an optimal cable/bolt arrangement, full length grouting, and high pre-tensioning of bolts and cables. It was expected the new design could reduce the roadway deformation by 50 %. A field experiment using the new support design was carried out by the mine in a 100 m long roadway section. Detailed extensometry and stress monitorings were conducted in the experimental roadway section as well as sections using the old support design. The experimental section produced a much better roadway profile than the previous roadway sections. The monitoring data indicated that the roadway deformation in the experimental section was at least 40–50 % less than the previous sections. This case study demonstrated that through careful investigation and optimal support design, roadway stability in soft rock conditions can be significantly improved. 相似文献
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为研究双巷布置工作面留巷受重复采动影响围岩的变形破坏规律及稳定控制问题,综合运用数值模拟、理论分析和现场观测等方法,研究双巷间距对重复采动下留巷围岩塑性区空间分布特征及偏应力的影响规律,揭示二次采动对留巷塑性区的诱导扩展机制,提出围岩塑性区二次扩展抑制方法。结果表明：重复采动巷道围岩塑性区在巷道轴向上均可划分为6个区域,整体表现为双巷间距越大,则塑性区破坏深度越小的特征,且其形态由非对称分布向对称分布状态转化,双巷距离增加造成的应力旋转程度和偏应力峰值低是主要原因。一次采动滞后影响稳定区维护距离及周期最长,且为二次采动塑性区叠加扩展的基础,是重复采动巷道围岩稳定的关键控制区域。据此提出通过调整巷道空间位置,达到改善应力环境、调整巷道围岩破坏状态的目的,并建立了分区补强支护相结合的调控方法和控制技术体系。现场实测结果表明,该技术体系能够达到巷道安全稳定目的,效果良好。 相似文献
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矿井动力现象如巷道变形破坏、煤和瓦斯突出及煤层底板突水等都与地应力密切相关。应用水压致裂法对新集矿区的原地应力进行了测量,确定原地系统深部围岩的应力状态,即原地应力的量值和方向,研究获得了矿区地应力的赋存规律和基本特征。测量结果分析表明:新集矿区地应力场以水平应力为主导,属于构造应力场类型;垂直主应力和最大、最小水平主应力均随埋深的增加呈近似线性增加;最大水平主应力与最小水平主应力的比值范围是1.01~1.29,反映新集矿区受构造作用较恒定;测压系数的范围是0.98~1.3,随深度变化不明显;新集矿区受到F10断层东西向的拉张应力,最大水平主应力方向为近EW向。最后探讨了原地系统不同构造部位地应力方向差异的原因,初步分析认为,是受到阜凤推覆体的影响。 相似文献
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The basic objectives of mine roadways are to provide sufficient cross sections to accommodate equipment, transport, personnel travel and ventilation. However, many roadways become damaged to the extent of needing maintenance, generally dinting, and in some cases requiring re-ripping. Strata conditions play important effects on stability of roadways and other mining activities. Weak rocks cause excessive roadway closures, and water softens some rocks and worsens the closure problem. Therefore, study on effect of mine water on the stability of underground coal mine roadways is important for underground coal mine development. A scientific discussion on the effect of water on the stability of roadways is given on the basis of results obtained by means of field investigation and laboratory tests. Based on analysis, rock in saturated condition has only between 0.19 to 0.49 of its compressive strength and 0.17 to 0.59 of its tensile strength in dry condition. Among the coal measures rock in research area, water has the most obvious effect on the strength reduction of shale. The slaking behavior of shale has also been the worst among the other. Field investigation of roadway driven in shale shown vertical closure in the wet and dry condition area reached 40–60 and 5–15 cm respectively, in 30 days after the drivage. Among the measures, drainage is considered to be the most economical and simplest method to reduce the water content in the rocks or the rock masses. 相似文献
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高应力大断面煤巷锚杆索桁架系统试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
高应力构造区大断面煤巷围岩控制技术是煤矿巷道工程中亟需研究的问题之一。以峰峰集团新三矿废矸充填复杂困难煤巷为典型研究对象,综合现场调研和数值模拟分析结果得出高应力作用下大断面煤巷变形破坏特征,提出一种基于“索-拱”结构为核心的高应力煤巷围岩控制系统-锚杆索桁架,分析该支护系统基本结构,设计流程及支护预应力场分布特征,在新三矿某一置换煤巷开展工业性试验,研究结果表明,新型支护系统结构稳定,巷道围岩控制效果良好,对类似困难巷道支护具有一定的理论和实用参考价值。 相似文献
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通过对蒋家河煤矿ZF1404工作面巷道变形特征的分析,初步总结出了彬长矿区巷道变形的影响因素:应力场的不均衡分布为控制因素;软岩底板、厚度不均、埋深较大和倾角较小为内在因素;矿山压力、顶板淋水和软岩遇水膨胀为直接因素;采动影响为间接因素。变形严重区位于赵坡向斜轴部及两侧。结合实际生产过程中采取的巷道维护措施,认为合理规划采掘布局和采掘接替、合理留设护底煤、不同区段采取不同的支护措施、及时抽排工作面涌水等治理措施能有效防止软底巷道变形,确保该工作面正常安全生产,具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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泥化弱胶结软岩地层中矩形巷道的变形破坏过程分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在西部地区,一定数量的矿区处于泥化弱胶结软岩地层,此类软岩胶结性差、强度低、遇水泥化。矩形是采区巷道的常用型式,但其断面受力不均、稳定性差。在上述软岩地层中的矩形巷道承载力低、变形量大、变形持续时间长,给煤矿的安全生产带来极大困难。以内蒙古新上海一号煤矿皮带顺槽矩形巷道为背景,运用FLAC3D软件中的Cvisc黏弹塑性模型,对矩形巷道的变形破坏进行了数值模拟,并将模拟结果与现场监测结果对比分析。结果表明:巷道开挖支护后,受断面形状影响,矩形巷道四角出现压应力集中和顶板受拉区,巷道顶板下沉量大,底板底臌严重,两帮向巷道挤出;受围岩岩性影响,围岩进入塑性的时间快短、范围大,塑性区超出了支护体的作用范围,造成锚杆(索)的锚固效果难以完全发挥,围岩出现整体滑动的现象;巷道变形呈现出流变变形的特性,变形量随时间持续增加,持续的蠕变变形超出了支护体的可控范围,最终引起巷道的失稳破坏。 相似文献
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Al-Amri Abdullah M. Abdelrahman Kamal Mellors Robert Harris David 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2020,13(8):1-11
Influenced by mining activities in adjacent coal seams, stresses on rocks surrounding roadway were redistributed, and the roadways in lower coal seam were subjected to the asymmetrical roof falling and roof sagging. Considering stresses effect on the plastic zone around the roadway, numerical models were carried out by FLAC to investigate plastic zone with respect to stress ratio and direction of stresses. The relationship between the properties of surrounding rock and plastic zone boundary was also investigated by another numerical model and analytical study, whereby the tailgate stability of panel 30,501 in Tashan coal mine was implemented. It is shown that the rocks surrounding a roadway in the lower coal seam were subjected to unequal stresses, and the principal stress direction was deflected from the original direction. High stresses and big stress ratio can produce butterfly-shaped or X-shaped plastic zone. The direction of stresses was deflected, causing the plastic zone around the roadway to be transferred from the shoulder to the roof of the roadway. Consequently, asymmetrical stresses produce asymmetrical plastic zone. On this basis, the tailgate should be assigned conditions of the stresses and stress ratio at a low level. In this way, the tailgate was arranged at the position where the horizontal distance from the roadway in the lower seam to the centre line of the coal pillar in the upper seam (x) is 52.5 m, and was stable relatively. 相似文献
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文章结合抚顺矿区实际,分析论述了断裂活动影响矿区的地应力环境特征。阐述了在断裂活动影响矿区,岩体长期大规模开挖造成局部区域构造应力卸载,岩体弹性变形能恢复发生水平变形,导致地表产生附加水平移动与变形。通常的沉陷区边缘区域,地表移动变形值不大,采动损害也相对较轻。但断裂活动影响矿区,沉陷区边缘区常存在着明显的水平移动与变形,并造成相应损害。尤其是在矿震等岩体地质动力现象显现影响下,地表沉陷灾害更为严重。 相似文献