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一、问题的提出众所周知,作为一个流域的总水资源,它包含了地表水资源和地下水资源两个组成部分,这两部分资源既相互影响,又相互转化,因此,孤立地研究这两部分资源,采用简单相加的办法,不能对流域总水资源作出正确的评价。现以淮河流域平原地区为例,提出我们对这个问题的一些看法,供参考、讨论。二、地下水开发利用前流域总水资源的计算地下水开发利用前,流域总水资源 相似文献
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在系统梳理前人调查研究成果基础上,总结了西北内陆河流域主要的含水层特点,对山区、平原区和沙漠区的地下水循环特点进行了分析,着重对平原区地下水水流系统进行了讨论。由于西北内陆河流域地下水与地表水关系密切,形成了具有密切水力联系的含水层-河流系统,不论是上游开发地表水还是地下水,都会引起整个流域内地下水资源的强烈变化。地下水资源评价表明,西北内陆河流域地下水资源量为783亿m~3/a,其中平原区的地下水资源量为487亿m~3/a,山区与平原区的地下水资源重复量为199亿m~3/a,现状开采量为128亿m~3/a。地下水开发潜力分析表明,除柴达木盆地、塔里木盆地南缘等地区外,其他地区的地下水开采潜力有限,应通过提高水资源的利用效率来提高其承载能力。今后应加大(微)咸水资源化、地下水水库的调查研究,加强地下水的生态功能和生态需水量评价,为地下水资源的合理开发利用提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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岩溶区地表水与地下水资源及环境统一评价的流域边界划分研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
岩溶地区地表水流域与地下水流域边界的分异形式有三类,即:地表分水岭与地下水流域边界在平面分布上基本一致;地表分水岭超出了地下水流域边界;地下水流域边界超出了地表分水岭。岩溶区地表水与地下水耦合流域的顶界为地表水流域的水面及下垫面,底界为浅循环潜水含水层或潜水—承压含水层下伏的隔水层顶面,在大厚度岩溶含水层分布区,可以弱岩溶发育带的顶面作为底界。其中地表水与地下水两个子系统间的次级边界,为地表水流域的下垫面。结合专门调查（勘查）评价和区域调查评价的特性,提出评价单元划分的原则及方法。这有助于在新一轮自然资源调查评价中,以流域为单元系统地开展水资源及环境调查评价,实行地表水和地下水资源及环境的统一管理。 相似文献
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本文在梳理流域地下水资源评价现状及历史的基础上,讨论了水资源评价方法和分区原则,将珠江流域划分为129个四级地下水系统,以地下水系统为评价单元,在充分考虑不同水文地质参数的基础上,分析评价地下水资源量及存在的问题,讨论珠江流域三级阶地不同水流运动特征,阐述了评价的精度以及水利工程对地下水循环的影响。通过本次评价,珠江流域地下水天然资源量1374.16亿m~3,可开采量为578.7亿m~3,开发利用率仅10.01%。珠江流域跨度较大,水动力特征迥异:上游云贵高原深切峡谷区、中游桂中峰丛洼地区、下游冲洪积平原区,据不完全统计,珠江流域蓄水量大于100万m~3的水库32座,水利工程的修建以及水库对水资源调蓄和分配给地下水资源评价带来一定困难,不同部委对地表水和地下水概念上的分歧导致二者间流域边界不一致以及流域水资源评价结果的差异,为此提出了解决问题的建议,以期为地下水开发利用与治理保护服务。 相似文献
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石羊河流域水资源严重不足,过度开发利用,进入下游地区地表水量逐渐减少,地下水位普遍持续下降,导致河湖干涸、林木死亡、草场退化、沙尘暴肆虐、河流及地下水污染等一系列生态环境问题。依据流域内154眼地下水井的水质监测资料,对流域地下水水质现状进行评价,分析流域地下水质量在空间上的分布及变化状况。分析结果,整个流域受到污染,提出加强综合治理保护地下水资源已非常迫切。 相似文献
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塔里木河流域地下水资源可持续利用浅析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地下水由于水量稳定,水质好,常作为农业灌溉、工矿和城市的重要水源之一,随着塔河流域社会经济的发展和地下水资源的无序开采,塔河流域水资源矛盾日益突出。通过对塔里木河流域地下水的认识,分析在该区域地下水资源的开采现状,提出今后一段时间内加强保护、利用地下水资源的对策思路,切实保障流域内的水资源安全,促进区域经济社会和生态环境可持续发展。 相似文献
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地下水可持续开采量的确定与评价既是合理开发地下水资源的基础,又是水文地质学研究中的难点.为克服没有统一的评价标准以及对众多约束条件难以定量化计算的难点,本文从提高流域内整体水资源的利用率出发,综合考虑了流域水资源整体开发利用效益和生态环境需水,以及人工调蓄作用对地下水系统的影响作用,提出了流域地下水可持续开采量的概念;论述了所提出概念的内涵;建立了由流域水循环模拟模型、水资源开发综合效益模型和可持续开采量优化模型组成的流域地下水可持续开采量的评价体系,将流域水循环模拟模型作为研究平台,以水资源开发的综合效益模型作为选优依据,以不同生态环境需水条件为约束条件,对施加其上的各种不同调控措施进行模拟,最后通过性价比的综合分析与评估,得到可持续开发方案下的流域地下水可持续开采量.以吉林省饮马河流域为例展开实例应用,确定饮马河流域最满意的开发模式下,即水库高比例供水(水库供水4.850×108m3),保证河道适宜生态需水时,饮马河流域地下水可持续开采量为2.516×108m3/a. 相似文献
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黄铁矿热电性研究方法及其在胶东金矿的应用 总被引：20，自引：8，他引：20
本文概述了黄铁矿热电性标型研究所涉及的黄铁矿热电性理论。阐明了矿物热电性测量最新的仪器和测试方法。论述了对胶东地区7个典型金矿床在成因矿物学与找矿矿物学研究中关于黄铁矿热电性方面的应用成果,包括:(1)胶东地区各金矿床黄铁矿热电性的一般特征;(2)金矿床成矿阶段黄铁矿热电性的演变特征;(3)判断金矿规模;(4)判断矿体延伸规模;(5)矿床的黄铁矿热电性分带;(6)判断剥蚀程度;(7)根据矿物热电性标型特点及其应用经验,提出了黄铁矿热电性标型研究方法。 相似文献
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In the period of impounding and running of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the sensitive degrees of change of groundwater table and displacement to the fluctuation of water level are different in different parts of landslides induced by the fluctuation of water level (as the case of Xietan Landslide). According to the relationship between different sensitive degrees of monitoring variables (underground water level and displacement) and quantity of monitoring information, the sensitive zones of groundwater table and displacement to the fluctuation of reservoir water level are divided into different degrees by the approach of fuzzy pattern recognition. The result of numerical subarea of sensitive zone of groundwater table and displacement indicates that the middle and front part of the landslide are the main places with groundwater table affected by the fluctuation of water level of reservoir; the variation of horizontal displacement of surficial part of the middle and front part of the landslide is more sensitive to water impounding and sudden fall of water level; and with the increase of elevation and depth of the landslide, the horizontal displacement changes less and less; the change of vertical displacement of surficial parts of the landslide is most sensitive to the fluctuation of water level of Three Gorges Reservoir; and with the increase of depth, the change of vertical displacement become smaller and smaller. By the means of the numerical subarea regulation of Xietan Landslide, the suggestions to the point layout for monitoring the groundwater table and displacement in the landside of Three Gorges Reservoir are put forward. 相似文献
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G.N. Fomin 《Geoforum》1976,7(4):259-269
The paper describes the current stage of transformation of the residential distribution system in the USSR, the state policy in the field of urban development, the tasks facing Soviet architects and the way to their solution. The state policy in the field of residential distribution and urban development provides for: the systematic and scientifically substantiated distribution of production and human settlements on the basis of coordinated development and distribution of productive forces and the perfecting of the systems of residential distribution; the utilization, improvement and protection of landscape; the restriction of the growth of very large cities and development of the network of small and medium towns; the transformation of villages into modern well-organized settlements of the collective and state farms and the elimination of the existing distinctions between town and country; the regular development and distribution of towns and settlements in different geographical zones and most favourable natural-and-economic regions of the USSR; the overcoming of irregular population distribution in the European and Asiatic parts of the USSR; the formation of group-systems of human settlements on the basis of big urban agglomerations and territorial-industrial complexes; the development of new territories through land improvement. Basic attention in the report is paid to the consideration of the master scheme of residential distribution in the USSR, its scientific fundamentals, main purposes and tasks. The analysis of the decisive factors and of the main trends of the development of the systems of human settlements for a long-term perspective is given. The master scheme of residential distribution contemplates the systematic development on the USSR territory of different human settlements contributing, to a maximum degree, to the achievement of the objectives of socialist construction, to the creation of most favourable conditions for the people's work, life and rest, to the development and intensification of social production taking into account objective tendencies of urbanization and the effective use of forecasted urban development resources. The realization of the master scheme of residential distribution will allow to fully take into account the economic, ecological and demographic requirements in the elaboration and realization of the plans of development of production and residential distribution aimed at the rise of the living standard of the Soviet people. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):1142-1152
On the basis of a study of a large quantity of deep-seated xenoliths from the kimberlites of the Malo-Botuobuya, Daldyn-Alakit, Upper Muna, and Lower Olenek regions of Yakutia, we have discussed the distribution of the ultrabasic rocks and eclogites in the kimberlite pipes both on the basis of petrographic composition, and also on depth facies, and a comparison is presented of the mineral composition of the deep-seated inclusions and of the amounts of defined types of xenoliths with the diamond capacity of the kimberlites. The conclusion has been reached that: 1. the amounts of inclusions of deep-seated rocks vary significantly not only in kimberlites from the various diamond fields, but also in the pipes of a single diamond-bearing region; 2. the composition of the ultrabasic rocks and eclogites of the diamond-bearing pipes is distinguished from that of the inclusions of the non-diamond kimberlites in these rocks; and 3. the diamond capacity of the kimberlites has been determined by the depth of occurrence of the magmatic focus and the velocity of uprise (intrusion) of the melt during the formation of the kimberlitic diatremes —Authors. 相似文献
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Li Genxiao Wang Chang Wang Gang Xiao Zhiyong Wu Xianlong Jiang Feng 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(2):1365-1380
The influence of the sealing degree of the lining structure and the permeability of surrounding rock on the stability of the tunnel has always been the main topic concerned by the relevant engineering researchers. Based on the research background of the tunnel project of Qingdao metro line 1 and the in-depth analysis of the existing research results, this paper makes a systematic analysis and research on the influence mechanism of the sealing degree of the lining structure and the permeability of surrounding rock on the stability of the tunnel by the numerical simulation. The results show that the safety coefficient of each part of lining structure decreases with the increasing degree of tunnel sealing, which is manifested by the increase of the settlement of the vault and the convergence of the arch foot. In addition, the stability of surrounding rock becomes worse with the increase of permeability coefficient of surrounding rock, which means the higher pore pressure and larger displacement of rock around the chamber. At the same time, the influence of the sealing degree of the lining structure on the stability of the tunnel will increase with the permeability of the surrounding rock. The works in this paper have guiding significance for the construction of submarine tunnel under different characteristics of surrounding rock and the selection of sealing degree of lining structure.
相似文献17.
滑坡灾害风险评价的关键理论与技术方法 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
滑坡灾害风险评估主要包括滑坡敏感性分析、危险性评价和风险评估3个不同层次的内容。但是,滑坡地质灾害本身的复杂性和滑坡强度的确定、滑坡发生的时空概率估算、承灾体的易损性时空概率分析等难点问题的存在,无疑阻碍了滑坡风险定量评估的推广和应用。在系统分析国内外滑坡灾害风险评估研究成果的基础上,对滑坡灾害风险评价的技术体系进行了总结,提出了不同层次滑坡灾害的研究内容和相应的评价方法;分析了实现滑坡风险有效评价涉及到的难点问题,并结合降雨和地震诱发的滑坡灾害危险性评价国内外的实践,提出了中国未来滑坡灾害风险评价研究的主要内容和技术方法。 相似文献
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煤矿采场覆岩破坏的微地震监测预报研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
微地震现象是岩体破坏失稳发生前给出的重要信息,研究岩体变形破坏过程的微地震特征对于预报岩体破坏、保证矿山安全生产具有重要意义。采用山东科技大学自主研制的煤矿井下微震监测系统对华丰煤矿采场覆岩破坏过程进行了监测。通过对监测到的微地震事件定位计算,证实微地震发展演化与采场覆岩破坏密切相关。根据未失稳岩体微震事件频数、能量、距离的差分变化规律,能够较准确地提前预报岩体破坏,对于采用微地震监测技术解决煤矿井下岩体破坏预报具有重要指导意义。 相似文献
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Gurgen P. Tamrasjan 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1970,59(2):623-636
The paper deals with the distribution of main earthquakes of the world by local solar time counted out from the moment of the lower culmination of the sun, and by local lunar time counted out from the moment of the upper culmination of the moon relative to the meridian of the focus of earthquake. The uniplanetary seismic (and thereby in a definite sense also the modern tectonic) activity is in a close and distinct connection with the conditions of cosmic life of the earth, separate regions of which are in a close reciprocal coordination defining the seismic energy yield now in one, now in another time. The distribution of the strongest earthquakes (the number of them and especially their energies), which depict the basic seismic picture of the earth, is entirely distinctly coordinated by the mechanism of cosmic interactions. And here very strict regularities are revealed. Each main seismic region of the earth corresponds on the map of time to definite and typical zones of intensification of seismic activity and to the zones of sharp attenuation of this activity (seismic depressive zones). The map of time is as if divided by different seismic regions into spheres of influence. The sphere of influence of one region is often almost prohibited for the other one. This firstly relates to the upper structurehypsometric storey of the planet, to the earth's crust and to its underlying mantle, which contributes 4/5 of the whole seismic energy of the planet. The localization of the high seismic activity of the separate regions only at definite, strictly outlined plots of the map of time indicates the strict uniplanetary coordination of the planet's seismic energy yield. 相似文献
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螺旋群桩基础承载性状试验研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
根据螺旋群桩现场静载试验结果,分析了螺旋群桩基础承载性状的影响因素,讨论了极限荷载下群桩几何参数对螺旋群桩的桩端阻力和桩侧摩阻力的影响。结果表明,螺旋群桩承载性状受到相邻桩的叶片距离以及首层叶片到承台底面间的桩长度影响明显。在叶片桩距比（桩间距比叶片直径）小于2时,螺旋群桩静载试验的荷载-位移曲线呈缓变形,无明显的拐点,群桩破坏属于整体破坏。同时,螺旋桩的叶片有助于减小承台下桩间土变形活动区的高度,增强了桩-土-承台的相互作用,减小了群桩基础沉降量。 相似文献