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1.
对19世纪70年代至1949年云南的城镇空间演化进行了纵向梳理和横向比较,研究了交通与政治两种演化影响因素的变迁,结果显示:(1)在1910年滇越铁路通车之前的清末,对外交通线路的兴衰对沿线城市空间演化有明显的影响,交通区位因素是云南城市空间演化的主要外生动力。(2)进入民国之后,地方政府对城市的建设管理和资源投入能力都强于清代,中心城市获得的资源尤其明显,因此政治因素开始成为中心城市空间演化的主要推动因素。(3)在空间分布上,铁路交通对城市演化推动的极化程度明显高于传统交通方式,因此,在交通因素与政治因素的协同作用下,在民国时期昆明城市演化的外生动力明显强于省内其他城市。 相似文献
2.
“流空间”是人文-经济地理学关注的重要议题。基于城际客运交通流数据,运用ArcGIS空间分析、城市联系强度模型等方法对长江经济带长三角、长江中游、成渝三大城市群城际客运联系网络结构特征进行刻画,结果表明：①长三角城市群城际客运联系网络以上海市为主核心,苏州、南京、杭州为次核心,通过核心城市向外延伸的交通轴线组成相互之间联系紧密的城市网络,西部与南部地区的联系相对较弱;长江中游城市群城际客运联系网络以武汉、长沙、南昌三个省会城市为核心节点,周边次中心城市与其省会交通联系紧密,但城市间跨省联系较弱,本省城市仅与另外两个省会城市存在突出的向心性联系;成渝城市群高等级联系网络大多指向成都、重庆主城区,次级区域中心城市发育不足,成渝城市主轴线在强交通联系推动下发育成型,但川渝接壤地区的城际客运联系存在“断层”。②长江经济带三大城市群在网络化演化进程中,具有城市群“等级-网络”的基本演化特征,其中成渝城市群、长江中游城市群仍处于“核心-边缘”的双核或三核结构,长三角城市群已出现多核网络化发展趋势。③高速铁路作为新兴要素流,对公路、普通铁路等传统要素流具有明显的替代效应,增强了三大城市群核心城市向外延伸的轴线联系,是驱动城市群城际客运联系网络结构演变的新动力。 相似文献
3.
基于财富500强中国企业网络的城市网络空间联系特征 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
基于2015年世界财富500强中的102家中国企业数据,根据企业组织特征构建了反映企业—城市间关联的折衷网络模型,借助网络分析等多种方法分析了中国地级城市间和典型城市群之间的网络联系。研究发现：① 城市网络总体连通性较差、向心集中性强,发育不够完备;城市网络连接具有明显的行政中心指向、沿海指向和资源指向;网络节点城市对外经济依赖度高,网络结构扁平特征明显。城市群网络存在权力分散、地位分化和外部联系依赖特征。② 城市网络中省域、城市群和俱乐部边界效应明显,区域内外的中心城市规模和数量对省域行政区经济、城市群经济和俱乐部经济的发展产生影响。③ 城市在多尺度网络中的功能分化明显,大城市和区域型中心城市比中小城市拥有更加完备和均衡的功能体系。沿海三大城市群的辐射带动作用明显,其他城市群的优势功能有待突出。④ 城市（群）跨尺度区域功能互动效应显著,城市（群）的自我经济集聚能力与城市（群）的对外辐射带动功能之间存在密切的正向关系。研究为城市网络模型拓展及理解中国城市网络空间联系特征提供了支撑。 相似文献
4.
通过构建相应指标体系,采取主成分分析法测度长江中游城市群城市竞争力。在GIS软件支持下,基于时间成本距离栅格的交通可达性分析,利用场强模型,对2015年长江中游城市群31个城市腹地范围进行识别。研究发现：长江中游城市群城市竞争力空间分布差异较大,最大值和最小值相差达5.84倍,与行政级别具有一定关联性。从交通可达性来看,1 h圈空间范围主要集中在中心城市附近,≥3 h圈主要分布在远离省会城市的外围地区,以及岳九咸（岳阳、九江和咸宁）省际交界区。长江中游城市群城市间交通发展缺乏统一规划与协调性,内部交通联系较为薄弱。从空间场强来看,高场强区集中于中心城市及其周边地区,低场强区分布于交通通达性较差的边缘与外围地区,尤其是省际边界地区。场强空间分布与城市竞争力与交通可达性分布具有较强的吻合度,但省际间协同发展程度低。城市腹地范围来看,湖北省大部分城市腹地面积较小,江西省城市腹地面积相对广阔,湖南城市腹地面积居中,三大省会城市腹地面积远超过其他城市,意味着长江中游城市群业已形成以省会城市为多中心的复合型极核发展格局,但内部一体化程度偏弱。从腹地与行政范围的层叠结果来看,城市腹地与市域行政范围吻合度较差,省会城市扩伸率要高于其余城市,而且三大省会城市的域外腹地面积比例远高于其他城市,九江、岳阳、宜昌、常德、新余、景德镇等地域外腹地面积比例也较高。总体来说,长江中游城市群仍停留在子圈内一体化的阶段,还未实现三圈融合和高度一体化发展阶段。 相似文献
5.
随着文化创意产业在世界范围内的崛起,城市文化职能和全球文化城市成为城市网络研究的新兴视角。借助“大麦网”数据,基于空间分析和岭回归方法,揭示基于文化演出消费活动的中国城市网络空间结构与影响因素,对现有城市网络研究形成补充。研究表明：①文化巡回演出的城市网络呈现出中国城市网络中常见的“菱形结构”,但是向二、三线城市渗透的趋势较为明显,体现了不同级别城市本地文化生产能力的差异以及文化演出边际收益递增的特点;②中西部省会城市在城市网络中的影响力表现出明显的上升,而东部沿海地区核心城市的影响力则出现一定程度的下降,反映出中国不同地区演出市场发育程度以及区域中心城市在对外文化联系中地位的差异;③不同类型文化演出在空间分布和网络结构上同样存在较为明显的差异,反映出其市场结构和盈利模式的差异以及城市地方文化消费特征的影响;④文化教育发展水平、地方政府投入、城市总体经济发展和消费水平以及对外开放程度是影响中国文化演出消费城市网络空间格局的重要因素,反映出文化演出消费的独特性。 相似文献
6.
In a growing body of literature on urbanization in China, scholars have emphasized the proactive role of the Chinese local state in urban land expansion. Drawing upon official land use change data from 1998 to 2008, this study investigates the relationship between the hierarchical structure of the Chinese urban administrative system and urban land expansion. We find that urban land expansion coincides with administrative hierarchy, and cities with higher administrative levels (ranked by central government) tend to expand more rapidly while controlling for other economic and demographic drivers of urban expansion. Spatial regime models reveal that economic and demographic drivers of urban growth are also sensitive to a city's administrative rank. By quantifying the link between a city's rank and urban land expansion, we conclude that considering the hierarchical structure of the Chinese cities will result in a fuller understanding of the rapid urban growth in China. 相似文献
7.
河南省城市体系功能组织研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文通过分析河南省城市体系功能组织的区域背景,提出了“一点三圈”式设想,并在明确城市体系等级层次的基础上,论述了首位城市郑州和核心城市圈、中间城市圈、周边城市圈的功能组织方式。 相似文献
8.
Antje Missbach 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2014,35(2):228-244
Although the partial outsourcing of state border control to non‐state actors is not a new phenomenon, Indonesia is an interesting case study. Border control in an archipelago consisting of more than 17 000 islands is particularly challenging for state authorities. In addition to contending with the exceptional geography, Indonesia's state authorities are also challenged by the political constellation with Australia in regard to irregular cross‐border movements of asylum seekers that has become a controversial issue in recent history. As an important transit country for asylum seekers and refugees en route to Australia, Indonesia's porous borders have rendered it possible to enter and exit the country relatively easily. Given Australia's political pressure and the financial incentives offered to Indonesia to act as a ‘final bulwark’ and control irregular migration flows more effectively, border control nowadays has gained more significance in Indonesia than in the past. Yet, financial constraints and, more importantly, a lack of political will to host asylum seekers in its own territories for the long term remain as obstacles. Fieldwork observations show that due to ongoing funding restrictions for state‐led border control, state‐society cooperation for border surveillance has increased. Civilians in many hotspots for irregular border crossings have been encouraged to report on ‘suspicious foreigners’. State‐society cooperation for border control, however, offers new opportunities for people smugglers to pay off civilian spies or corrupt border authorities. 相似文献
9.
基于LandScan全球人口和ESA全球土地利用数据,构建2000—2015年中国省域人口空间结构数据库,刻画省域人口空间结构的时空格局,进而运用面板固定效应法、两阶段最小二乘法和差分GMM法探索空间结构对省域经济绩效的影响及这种影响对不同规模省域的差异,最后从省会城市集聚（不）经济的角度分析其内在机制。结果发现：① 2000—2015年,中国所有省会城市的人口规模都得到了显著增加,省域人口空间结构存在单中心化的演变趋势,且中西部地区省域人口空间结构相对偏单中心化;② 对所有省份尤其是人口规模相对较小的省份而言,人口空间结构单中心化倾向于提高省域经济效率,而对人口规模相对大的省份,人口空间结构单中心化很可能不利于省域经济效率的提高;③ 省会城市自身已经初显集聚不经济的迹象。 相似文献
10.
Alissa Mazar 《Urban geography》2018,39(6):822-843
Casino development is a popular strategy for urban redevelopment in declining cities. I examine the process of casino acquisition in the former Canadian automotive capital, Windsor, Ontario – one of the first cities in North America, outside of Atlantic City and Las Vegas, to host a resort casino. Drawing on 20 interviews with urban elites and the local news media, I explore the interplay between a local growth coalition and State interests in the development of Casino Windsor. To capture maximum revenue for provincial coffers, provincial interests used competition between economically depressed cities to co-opt the Windsor casino alliance’s project . Windsor’s urban elites, however, continue to “talk” urban entrepreneurialism, perpetuating the myth that municipal entrepreneurialism was an effective strategy for this struggling city. These findings suggest that the importance placed on the entrepreneurial capacity of local growth coalitions in urban redevelopment studies may be misplaced, especially in peripheral and declining cities. 相似文献
11.
Foreign Hypermarket Retailers in China: Spatial Penetration,Local Embeddedness,and Structural Paradox 
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下载免费PDF全文 As the world economy shifts towards services, transnational corporations (TNCs) in the service sector have accelerated their expansion in emerging economies. This paper examines the development and embeddedness of foreign hypermarket retailers in China. It also analyzes the spatial penetration patterns of retail TNCs, the impacts of home and host economies on their local embeddedness, and how they resolve the structural paradox between enforcing standardization and conducting localization. The expansion of retail TNCs has been influenced by the gradual liberalization policies of the Chinese government. Spatially, they expanded in two directions: from the eastern costal region to the central and western hinterland, and along China's urban hierarchy from larger cities to smaller cities. While home economies greatly influenced their initial strategies, foreign hypermarket retailers are constantly adjusting to better embed in the Chinese market and to more effectively resolve the structural paradox. 相似文献
12.
全球化与中国时尚消费城市的兴起 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在当前中国经济转型和产业升级的背景下,许多城市开始步入后工业化阶段,消费在城市化进程中扮演的角色日益重要。以进入中国的国际时尚品牌为切入点,重点探讨全球化在城市消费领域的影响。根据本项研究的概念界定,35个时尚消费城市大都为省会城市、直辖市和经济发达的沿海城市。其中,上海和北京是中国等级最高的时尚消费城市,无论是发展规模还是水平都遥遥领先。大部分时尚消费城市则是区域性中心城市,但也有一些沿海经济发达城市,虽然其城市中心性并不强（如苏州、温州、无锡等）,但在时尚消费城市体系中占据了重要的地位。整体而言,中国时尚消费城市的发展受到多方面因素的影响,其中市场因素和开放度起着最为重要的作用。另外,产业氛围也是时尚消费城市形成和发展的重要基础。 相似文献
13.
我国城市经济影响区域系统的初步分析 总被引：36，自引：5，他引：36
城市经济影响能力取决于城市投资集聚能力、市场集聚规模和技术、经济的水平状况。对15个经济变量所作的主因子分析表明:我国城市经济活动的差异主要受城市经济活动规模的制约。技术、经济水平差异有一定的影响,但影响不大。目前我国已形成5级区域经济影响中心,七个一级城市经济影响区域。 相似文献
14.
新时期我国中心城市人口城镇化特征及其空间格局 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在新一轮城镇化进程中,以人力资本为核心的创新经济逐步成为推动经济增长的动力引擎,省域中心城市作为人口聚集地的功能日益凸显。人口流动倾向影响着不同规模和行政等级城市之间的城镇体系重构,选取各个省域典型城市作为重点分析对象,通过我国城市人口最新数据统计测算,揭示出近期全国城镇化发展态势与大都市区域格局变化特征。结果发现,我国人口城镇化发展态势逐渐趋于平稳,不同地区、不同规模城市对人口的吸纳能力仍存在显著差异,各类直辖市、省会城市、副省级城市在人口集聚方面表现突出,传统港口城市、工业城市、省域副中心城市的人口吸引力逐步趋弱。其中,一级城市人口吸纳能力超强,二级城市成为人口重要集聚地,三级城市人口增速趋缓,四级城市人口吸引力平稳;可将之划分为“高/低规模”“高/低增长”四种不同组合类型。同时,城市人口的增长变化和人力资本竞争,显著影响了城市区域经济发展,特别是中西部地区省域中心城市实力日益增强,人口增长强劲,进而改变了传统东中西区域经济显著分异的格局,省会城市首位度表现出“高/低位序”“高/低集中”四种不同组合分布特征,且集中于“高位序、高集中”和“低位序、低集中”两种类型,分化格局相对明显。伴随着中国大都市的不断发育成熟,其逐步成为新时代创新经济和人口集聚的引领者。 相似文献
15.
Abstract This paper explores the dynamics behind the changing regimes of urban renewal and its social impacts in Taiwan. Before the 1980s, the state was willing to solely shoulder the job of urban renewal with a wholly supportive financial budget and land appropriation law, while in the 1990s it became financially overburdened due to its renewal policy. Around the year 2000, the state turned towards promoting urban regeneration as a key business model. Through this historical exposition, the Taiwanese story of state transformation in urban renewal policy brings two issues to the fore. The first issue is the learning process concerning the policy of public-private partnership (PPP) initiatives. Trans-border policy mobility connects and constitutes cities, such as Taipei, with other places, such as London, through visits and seminars attended by policy makers and experts. However, policy transferred from abroad is “localized” in the learning process and used to prioritize the regeneration of public lands in the urban area. The PPP model is transformed in the face of domestic political struggles. The second issue is the social exclusion as a result of property-led regeneration. Rather than playing the role of an impartial institutional moderator, the state privileged landowners and developers and sacrificed the rights of tenants to stay put. By doing so, the state secures political support from landowner-cum-citizens and initiates a political culture of property in which local citizenship is predicated on ownership. 相似文献
16.
《Urban geography》2013,34(7):601-626
The commemoration of slain civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. (MLK) is a growing movement in many American cities and towns. School naming is an important yet underanalyzed part of this project. A recent struggle in Riverside, California over naming a high school for MLK is used as a springboard for: (1) conceptualizing school names as cultural arenas for debating student and community identity and (2) conducting a general study of the types of U.S. public schools named for King. As illustrated in California, school naming can be interpreted by one social group as a means of integrating and inspiring students historically and viewed by another group as a means of drawing boundaries around students in terms of race and local heritage. According to 1997-1998 data, 110 public schools bear King's name. They are located most often in the central cities of large and mid-size urban areas. King's name is most frequently found on schools that teach early and middle grades. Schools named for Martin Luther King do not necessarily denote a "Black" school in terms of the racial characteristics of students, although they do not fully integrate Whites with African Americans or Whites with minorities in general. Naming schools for King is part of a larger refashioning of the urban cultural landscape as racial and ethnic groups increasingly seek public recognition of their historical achievements. 相似文献
17.
Roy H. Ryder 《The Professional geographer》2004,56(4):488-502
It is generally assumed that older mansions in the elite residential sector of Latin American cities filter down to the middle classes once their residents migrate to modern suburban homes. Five land use maps compiled between 1975 and 1999 show that the elite residential sector of Quito (Mariscal Sucre) experienced a much more complex fate. Diffusion of nonresidential land uses from the city center and its associated spine transformed the residential neighborhood into a vibrant upper‐scale business district. Sophisticated businesses subsequently moved on to modern suburban facilities, but Mariscal Sucre became a major hub for business, nocturnal entertainment, and tourism. Diversification of land use in Mariscal Sucre confirms the Crowley hypothesis of complexity in Latin American urban land use patterns ( Crowley 1995 ). 相似文献
18.
《Urban geography》2013,34(6):493-515
Most studies of the size, growth, and distribution of cities have been based on Western economies and have identified economic factors such as scale and agglomeration economies and level of economic development as major determinants of urban growth. It is unclear whether these generalizations are applicable in socialist economies. In this paper, I argue that institutional factors have played key roles in shaping China's city system, which is characterized by declining population concentration across cities and by tremendous vertical (population growth of cities) and horizontal (addition of new cities) expansions. The empirical analysis focuses on describing the size distribution of cities, estimating a multivariate model predicting the population growth of cities, and performing a logistic regression analysis of new and existing cities. The findings underscore the effects of urban and regional development policies, socialist institutions, changes in the urban administrative system, and state and local government interests, and suggest that they as a whole are more important than economic factors in explaining the attributes and changes of China's city system. [Key words: urban growth, city system, institutional factors, China.] 相似文献
19.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(2):110-127
ABSTRACTThe aim of the article is to explain the phenomena of mergers and territorial disintegration of Polish towns and cities from three perspectives: social, economic and spatial-primal. Administrative border changes are fundamental components of local urban policy guidelines in countries that have experienced a dual history in the socialist and post-socialist periods, such as Poland. The main method of the authors research was the application of statistical and cartographic methods focused on measuring quantitative administrative changes in urban areas and their demographic effects. The scope of the research covered all towns in Poland existing in the years 1945–2018. Since the changes in the administrative boundaries of cities particularly concern the rural areas in the vicinity of large cities, the suburban municipalities surrounding urban centres were analysed too. The findings underline the deterministic role of political systems in the territorial expansion of towns and cities, and indicates their role for current planning decisions. The authors conclude that noticeable differences between two analysed periods have had at least two significant causes. First, the political and economic systems determining the changes differed, and second, each system was accompanied by differing directions of economic development and therefore also different ‘urbogenic’ forces. 相似文献
20.
深化城市网络空间特征的认识,科学测度经济增长的溢出效应,对推进新时期区域协调发展具有重要意义。本文结合城市网络和网络外部性两种研究视角,基于网络分析和空间计量方法,使用互联网大数据构建信息网络、企业网络、人口网络三种流要素城市网络,对中国336个地级以上行政单元的网络空间异质性、经济增长溢出效应进行实证分析。研究发现：中国城市网络联系具有显著的空间异质性,呈现出“中心-外围”特点,形成全国范围和省域、城市群范围两种尺度下的空间结构,表现出兼具择优选择与地理邻近的复杂特征;网络关联下城市经济增长具有显著的正向和负向溢出效应,反映出网络外部性对区域经济增长的重要影响,对比实体空间溢出效应表现出地理邻近关系下的相似性,以及跨越省级边界的差异性;对于全国范围下的网络关联矩阵,使用对称化和标准化处理更为合适,表明省域和城市群是推进区域经济协调发展的重要载体。 相似文献