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1.
The purpose of the present study was to elucidate in vitro effects of Hg(2+), Zn(2+), Ni(2+) and Cd(2+) on cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) dependent EROD activities in leaping mullet liver microsomes. Fish captured from the most polluted part of Izmir Bay, had highly elevated EROD activities, and induced CYP1A1 protein levels as determined by Western blotting. Although all of the metal ions caused inhibition of the initial velocity of the reaction, Hg(2+) and Cd(2+) exhibited much higher inhibitory effect at lower concentrations and they were evidently more potent inhibitors than others. The inhibitor concentration giving 50% inhibition (IC(50) values) of Zn(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+) and Hg(2+) of initial EROD activity were 107, 16, 1.3 and 0.15 micromolar, respectively. Glutathione (GSH) at 0.5 mM final concentration, completely reversed Ni(2+) and Cd(2+) inhibition of EROD activity indicating the protective action of GSH. 相似文献
2.
Andrew P. L. Cheung Timothy H. -J. Lam King Ming Chan 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):389
Tilapia is a common fish species inhabiting inland waters and estuarine regions in Hong Kong and Southeast Asia, and useful for bio-monitoring of metal pollution. Metallothionein (MT) gene expression in fish tissues has been useful to sub-lethal risk assessment as biomarker of exposure to metal ions in fishes inhabiting metal contaminated area. To investigate metal inductions of Tilapia MT gene expression in vivo, Tilapias were injected with different concentrations of heavy metals and tissues were then removed for quantitative PCR assay using mimic PCR methods. All of the metal ions tested (Cu2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+) were able to induce hepatic MT mRNA levels. Renal MT mRNA levels of Cd2+ and Zn2+ treated fish was not induced with significant fold induction, however MT mRNA levels in gills were sensitive to the administrations of these metal ions. These data indicated that Tilapia MT mRNA levels in gills and liver are sensitive biomarker of exposure to various metal ions. 相似文献
3.
The effects of ten heavy metal cations on phagocytosis of polystyrene latex spheres by hemocytes of the American oyster, Crassostreavirginica, were investigated. Exposure to 1 and 5 ppm Cd2+, 5 ppm Co2+, 1 ppm Cr3+, 1 ppm Cu2+, 0·5 ppm Fe3+, 0·05 ppm Hg2+, 1 and 5 ppm Mn2+, 1 and 5 ppm Pb2+, 1 ppm Sn2+, and 1 and 5 ppm Zn2+ resulted in no alteration of phagocytic ability. However, exposure to 1 ppm Co2+, 5 ppm Cu3+, 5 ppm Cu2+, 1 and 5 ppm Fe3+, 0·1 ppm Hg2+ and 5 ppm Sn2+ resulted in significantly enhanced uptake of polystyrene spheres. Finally, exposure to 0·5, 1 and 5 ppm Hg2+ resulted in inhibition of phagocytosis and increased cell death. 相似文献
4.
采用毒理学实验方法,比较研究了Cd~(2+)和Hg~(2+)对四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis Reeve)急性毒性效应的差异,以期为进一步评价重金属离子对四角蛤蜊的毒性效应和作用机理等提供理论依据.死亡概率单位和实验液浓度对数的线性回归分析表明,Cd~(2+)对四角蛤蜊在24、48和96 h的半致死浓度(LC_(50))分别为15.961、5.149和2.383 mg/L,Hg~(2+)的LC_(50)分别为3.714、0.607和0.207 mg/L;Cd~(2+) 和Hg~(2+) 对四角蛤蜊的安全质量浓度分别为0.023 8 mg/L和0.002 1 mg/L,分别是我国渔业水质标准(GB11607-89)限定量的4.76倍和4.02倍. 相似文献
5.
The tendency of dimethylsulfide (DMS) to form complexes with heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions and the factors that influence
it have been investigated. Among five heavy metal ions examined (Cu2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+), only Hg2+ bound significantly with DMS in aqueous solutions in which Hg2+ concentration was increased to much higher levels than that of natural seawater. The complexation capacity of Hg2+ for DMS was influenced by pH and media. The affinity of Hg2+ for DMS was generally lower at high than at low pH, presumably due to the competition of hydroxide ion to form hydroxomercury
species. In different solutions, the affinity of Hg2+ for DMS followed the following sequence: ultra-purified water > 35‰ NaCl solution > seawater. It seems apparent that chloride
had a negative impact on the complexation of DMS by Hg2+, owing to the competition of chloride with DMS for complexing Hg2+. In addition, the affinity of Hg2+ for DMS in the bulk seawater appeared to be higher than that in the surface microlayer seawater. The tendency of Hg2+ to form complexes with DMS in aqueous solution can be reduced by the presence of 2 mM amino-acid such as glycine, alanine,
serine and cysteine, as these ligands give stable mercury complexes. However, the presence of 2 mM acetate in experimental
solutions had no significant effect on the complexation of Hg2+ with DMS, even though this ligand has a relatively strong complexing capacity for Hg2+. Although mercury ions appeared to have a strong affinity for DMS, the concentration of mercury in seawater is too low to
produce a great effect on the distribution of DMS in oceans. 相似文献
6.
High-molecular-weight, nondialyzable polyphloroglucinols from the marine brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus (Phaeophyceae, Fucales) chelate the divalent metal ions Sr2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Be2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ in weakly acidic aqueous solution. Values of the relative selectivity coefficients k have been calculated relative to Mn2+; the ionotropic series with the algal polyphenols are similar to those with catechol and pyrogallol. These studies may serve as a guide for the examination of metal chelation by brown algal polyphenols both in situ and after exudation into seawater. 相似文献
7.
利用水生动物急性毒性实验方法,在6个浓度下Cd2+对青蛤的急性毒性进行测定,经回归分析后,得到Cd2+对青蛤96h半致死浓度为20.09mg/L,安全浓度为0.201mg/L。分别对半致死浓度和安全浓度下Cd2+在青蛤体内不同组织的蓄积情况进行了分析。结果表明,在半致死浓度条件下,168h青蛤各组织Cd2+的含量依次为肌肉内脏团鳃;而在安全浓度下,其结果为内脏团鳃肌肉,内脏团对于Cd2+富集能力远高于肌肉。讨论了青蛤的养殖环境及产品检验等问题。 相似文献
8.
采用实验生态学方法,研究了Cd~(2+)-Cu~(2+)单一及复合胁迫3d、6d、9d对双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)消化酶活性和抗氧化指标的影响。结果表明,沙蚕的各项不同指标对Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)胁迫的响应表现出不同的变化趋势,复合胁迫中Cd~(2+)-Cu~(2+)对沙蚕各指标的影响存在交互效应。沙蚕3种消化酶活性大小为淀粉酶蛋白酶脂肪酶。Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)单一胁迫能激发沙蚕淀粉酶活性,激发作用强于复合胁迫。Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)单一胁迫实验前期低浓度组蛋白酶被抑制,高浓度组被诱导,复合胁迫实验前期Cd~(2+)-Cu~(2+)对蛋白酶活性的影响存在协同作用。Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)胁迫对沙蚕脂肪酶活性整体表现出抑制作用。Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)胁迫诱导沙蚕超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),整体上激活过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。Cd~(2+)单一胁迫实验组过氧化物酶(POD)均被显著诱导,具有"剂量-效应"关系,Cu~(2+)单一胁迫实验后期POD被显著诱导,复合胁迫实验中,低浓度Cu~(2+)组POD被显著诱导,高浓度Cu~(2+)组POD被显著抑制。实验组沙蚕谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GXH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量均高于对照组,复合胁迫实验前期,GXH-Px活性与Cu~(2+)浓度呈正相关关系,与Cd~(2+)浓度呈负相关关系。显著的效应-剂量间相关关系存在于特定时间(3d、6d)的MDA含量,沙蚕MDA含量用作监测海洋重金属污染的生物标志物的可能性较大。 相似文献
9.
Newark Bay (NB) killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) have been chronically exposed to environmental contaminants that activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and are tolerant to toxic effects and CYP1A induction provoked by AHR ligands. Resistance to CYP1A induction could be due to an epigenetic mechanism such as DNA methylation. We measured in-ovo CYP1A catalytic activity (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, EROD) in NB and reference site killifish embryos aqueously exposed to various concentrations of the de-methylating agent 5-azacytidine, 5-AC (5, 50 and 500 μ(micro)M) with or without 0.2 μ(micro)g/l of the CYP1A inducer 3,3′,4,4′,5 pentachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC PCB126). Neither PCB126 alone, nor PCB126 plus 5-AC, induced EROD above levels in vehicle treated Newark Bay fish. In reference site fish, the same PCB126 dose provoked a 7.4-fold EROD induction relative to controls. We conclude that Newark Bay killifish are resistant to CYP1A induction by co-planar PCBs during early embryological development and our data suggests that DNA methylation does not play a critical role in resistance to CYP1A induction in this model. 相似文献
10.
以彩虹明樱蛤养殖壳高优势组(平均壳高为17.35±1.01mm)为实验动物,进行4种重金属离子Hg2 、Cr6 、Cu2 、Zn2 对彩虹明樱蛤的急性毒性和加和等毒性强度联合毒性试验。结果表明,彩虹明樱蛤对重金属的耐药性均随实验时间延长而缓慢降低,4种重金属离子毒性大小依次为Cu2 、Hg2 、Zn2 、Cr6 ,其对彩虹明樱蛤96h的半致死质量浓度分别为0.0554mg/L、0.1099mg/L、2.2605mg/L、19.6277mg/L;Hg2 、Cr6 、Cu2 、Zn2 离子两两组合在加和等毒性强度下对彩虹明樱蛤96h联合急性毒性所呈现的致毒特征与离子间毒性强度匹配情形密切相关。 相似文献
11.
陈贞奋 《海洋学报(英文版)》1986,5(4):614-625
Chaetoceros muelleri Lemmermann was cultured in solution of different concentrations of Cu2 , Pb2 , Zn2 and Cd2 , and in mixtures of any two of them. After 6 days the effect of these heavy metal cations on the growth rate and chlorophyll contents of the diatom were determined and an Opton microscope was used to observe the morphology and size of the cells.The experimental results show that the effects of toxicity of these four heavy metals on Chaetoceros muelleri are: Cu2 >Pb2 >Zn2 >Cd2 . However, the cells did not differ significantly in their morphology and size from the controled ones.In any of the mixed metals cultures, its growth rate came close to and was higher than that of the single metal culture of higher concentration. 相似文献
12.
极大螺旋藻富积重金属机理的研究 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
于1993年5月由南京大学藻类培养室提供极大螺旋藻藻种,用Zarrouk培养基培养后,用活藻体和甲醛杀死的藻体分别进行吸附实验;过滤出的藻体置于6×10－3g／L左右浓度的Co2+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Zn2+离子混合液中。结果显示,死、活藻体都具有相似的吸附能力,对Co2+,Ni2+,Zn2+的富积大于203倍,对Cu2+的富积大于185倍;用热水提取、DEAE-纤维素D-23柱和SephadexG－200柱纯化后,获得了纯细胞外壁多糖,其分子量为52kD。将该糖溶液盛在透析袋内,并置于4种离子混合液中进行吸附实验,结果显示,核糖对Co2+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Zn2+的富积倍数分别达1744,1644,1340,1750。藻体和多糖对Co2+,Ni2+,Zn2+的吸附都高于对Cu2+的吸附。比较藻体与多糖对4种离子的吸附结果可见,藻体对离子的吸附主要是多糖的作用;多糖的红外光谱显示,金属离子改变OH和CO－NH的吸收峰,表明这两种基团与金属离子发生了络合作用;对Cu2+的络合滴定测定表明,Cu2+与多糖的结合度为0．40。 相似文献
13.
14.
汞胁迫对拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain) 主要消化和免疫因子的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用实验生态学方法,开展了汞胁迫下拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)的消化和免疫因子变动的研究。在实验室条件下,测定了0.00、0.005、0.01、0.02、0.04、0.08mg/L浓度Hg2+在1d、3d、5d、7d、9d胁迫时间下的消化和免疫因子变化。结果表明,汞胁迫下拟穴青蟹AMS活性快速升高,但激活效应随胁迫时间延长而逐渐下降,后期表现为抑制效应。汞胁迫能激发Pepsin活性,短期内Pepsin活性和胁迫浓度、胁迫时间呈正相关;长期高浓度胁迫(0.04、0.08mg/L),则激发效应减弱。汞胁迫对LPS活性的影响主要表现为抑制作用。免疫因子的研究结果表明,汞胁迫对AKP有激发作用,可迅速刺激机体AKP活力上升。低浓度汞胁迫对AKP活性提升最显著(0.005、0.01、0.02mg/L),高浓度组AKP活性先升后降。汞胁迫对ACP活性有激发作用,且存在显著的时间效应和浓度效应。汞胁迫下SOD活性短期内即显著升高,且SOD活力随胁迫时间延长而持续升高。汞胁迫对LZM活性有激活作用,且激活效应存在时间效应和浓度效应。汞胁迫对PO活力快速产生抑制作用,抑制作用存在时间效应而无显著的浓度效应。汞胁迫对拟穴青蟹消化和免疫因子能产生胁迫效应,对Pepsin、AMS、AKP、ACP、SOD、LZM表现为激发,而对LPS、PO表现为抑制。 相似文献
15.
可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculenta)重组铁蛋白富集Pb2+等重金属特性和功能研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用可口革囊星虫重组铁蛋白富集Pb2+、Fe3+、Cd2+、Cr3+、Cu2+、Mn2+、Sn2+和Zn2+等8 种重金属离子后, 通过透射显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱测定蛋白的超微结构变化和内部基团特性。以 天然的马脾铁蛋白为对照, 观察重组铁蛋白与天然铁蛋白的差别。结果显示, 重组铁蛋白富集Pb2+ 和其它7 种重金属离子后蛋白体积大小与重金属离子种类直接相关。重组铁蛋白相对天然铁蛋白来 说在富集不同种类重金属离子后, 除了非特异性酰胺特征峰和蛋白特征峰外, 还出现一些专门富集 某些重金属离子的特异基团, 如:-CH3、-CH2-、-CH-、-NH-、-SO3-、-COOH、-S=S-和-C-S-C 等。 通过细胞实验进一步验证了铁结合蛋白能够通过富集重金属离子Pb2+来保护小鼠成骨前体细胞 MRC3T3-E1, 使细胞的死亡率明显降低(P<0.05). 相似文献
16.
Anje Timmer-Ten Hoor 《Marine Chemistry》1974,2(2):149-151
It appears that in concentrations over 2μg-at S2?/1, sulfide disturbs the determination of nitrite by the Shinn method. This disturbance can be counteracted by addition of an excess of Cd2+ or Hg2+ · Fe2+ was also tried out, but in this case the results were not satisfactory. 相似文献
17.
Cd2+和Cu2+对泥蚶的急性毒性和联合毒性试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解重金属Cd2+和Cu2+对泥蚶的毒害程度和泥蚶对重金属Cd2+和Cu2+的解毒能力,用毒理学实验方法研究了Cd2+和Cu2+对泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)的急性毒性和联合毒性效应。结果表明:Cd2+、Cu2+对泥蚶的96 h半致死质量浓度分别为6.189、0.460 mg/L;安全质量浓度分别为0.062、0.005 mg/L;相对毒性Cu2+Cd2+。在1︰1毒性单位的联合作用下,Cd2+和Cu2+对泥蚶96 h的半致死质量浓度分别为1.984、0.147 mg/L;安全质量浓度分别为0.020、0.001 mg/L。2种重金属离子的联合毒性大于任一重金属离子的毒性,联合毒性表现为协同作用。 相似文献
18.
利用缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)重组铁蛋白富集Fe~(3+)和Mn~(2+)制备重组Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白,通过扫描电镜、X射线能量色散能谱仪(EDS)和MALDI TOF/TOF质谱系统测定蛋白的表面形貌变化、金属元素的能量变化和肽段分子量。利用综合物性测量系统(PPMS)测定蛋白纳米颗粒在室温300K,外加磁场3T下的磁学性质变化。结果显示,重组Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白与空白相比,表面形貌发生明显变化,Fe-铁蛋白仍为小球状,Mn-铁蛋白聚集体呈片层花球状,Cd-铁蛋白聚集体呈小圆球状,Mn-铁蛋白富集Cd~(2+)后呈片层花瓣散落状。Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白分别检测出相应金属元素且都有其特征能量态。两种重组蛋白的肽谱图与空白组相比,除铁蛋白保守肽段外还出现各自的特征肽段,推测与铁蛋白对Fe~(3+)和Mn~(2+)的富集功能密切相关。Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白纳米颗粒磁滞回线形状与铁蛋白空白组基本相同,呈顺磁性特征,磁性强度随Fe~(3+)和Mn~(2+)富集量的增加而增大。通过比较Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白与空白组在富集Hg~(2+)、As O43–和Cd~(2+)三种重金属离子方面能力的差异,发现Fe-铁蛋白对Hg~(2+)、AsO_4~(3–)和Cd~(2+)三种重金属的富集能力是空白组的2.4倍、1.7倍和3.7倍。Mn-铁蛋白对Hg~(2+)、AsO_4~(3–)和Cd~(2+)三种重金属离子在相同条件下的富集能力也有明显提高,分别为铁蛋白空白组的1.8倍、3.0倍和4.6倍。本研究结果为Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白在重金属污染治理方面的应用提供了数据参考。 相似文献
19.
G. V. Novikov O. Yu. Bogdanova M. E. Melnikov N. V. Lobus A. N. Drozdova N. A. Shulga 《Oceanology》2016,56(1):65-69
The behavior of heavy-metal cations in ore minerals of cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts from the Marcus Wake seamount in aqueous solutions of metal salts was studied in experiments. The Zn2+ and Cd2+ cations showed high reactivity and Ва2+ and Pb2+ showed low reactivity. It was found that Zn2+ and Cd2+ cations within the ore mineral composition are mainly absorbed (up to 66%) whereas Pb2+ and Ва2+ are chemically bound (up to 70%). Ore minerals in the crusts are characterized by sorption properties and high ionexchange capacity by these cations (1.94–2.62 mg-equiv/g). The capacity values by heavy-metal cations for ore minerals of the crusts from different areas of the Marcus Wake seamount are close to each other. 相似文献
20.
Cornelis H. van der Weijden 《Marine Chemistry》1976,4(4):377-387
Experiments on the uptake of Zn and Cd by synthetic hydrous Mn oxides were carried out in an ionic medium at pH 3.5 and at pH 4. A slight preference for uptake of Cd2+ over Zn2+ was observed with both birnessite and nsutite, the Cd/Zn ratio being different for each mineral. Subsequently, the desorption of Zn and Cd from the obtained products in artificial seawater was studied. In this medium Cd is desorbed from the Mn oxides to a much higher extent than is Zn. The latter observations can be satisfactorily explained by the large difference of complex formation for the two metals in seawater, slightly counteracted by the preferential uptake of Cd2+ over Zn2+. The order of magnitude of the Zn/Cd ratio in natural manganese nodules is compatible with the ratio calculated on the basis of experimental results, taking fair estimates of the actual inorganic Zn/Cd ratio in seawater and of the pH of deep ocean water. 相似文献