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1.
鄂尔多斯盆地南缘奥陶系平凉组发育石灰岩、泥岩和砂岩,夹放射虫硅岩及凝灰岩,深水原地沉积、重力流沉积及等深流沉积发育。等深流沉积主要为砾屑、砂屑、粉屑、灰泥及粉砂—砂质等深积岩。粉屑等深积岩顶部发育波痕及生物扰动,波痕不对称,迁移方向明显,波长1~5,cm,波高0.2~0.5,cm。等深流沉积具有灰泥等深积岩、粉屑等深积岩、砂屑等深积岩及砾屑等深积岩叠置组成的完整及不完整的细—粗—细沉积层序,厚度几毫米至数厘米。该层序既可由多层叠置而成,也可由单层组成或在相邻泥质纹层或缝合线之间直接出现,并存在向上变粗的逆递变和向上变细的正递变厚度不对称特征。等深流从东向西,大致平行于斜坡运动。平凉组下部发育深水原地沉积和重力流沉积,上部则发育深水原地沉积和等深流沉积。等深流沉积主要受构造运动、相对海平面升降、古地貌、流体能量及运动路径的影响。 相似文献
2.
陕西富平地区上奥陶统赵老峪组发育等深流沉积。以实测剖面、岩石光面、薄片资料以及地球化学资料为基础,结合前人研究成果,对赵老峪组等深积岩类型、层序以及等深流沉积发育的影响因素进行了分析。研究认为: (1)赵老峪组发育灰泥等深积岩和粉屑等深积岩2种类型,识别出由单一的灰泥等深积岩以及灰泥等深积岩与粉屑等深积岩组成的2种等深积岩层序;(2)等深流水团温度越低,盐度越高,则等深流强度越大;(3)等深流水团水温由高变低、再变高,盐度由低变高、再变低,可能造成了等深积岩层序由细变粗、再变细;(4)古水深变大、古气候变干热、古盐度变低有利于等深流和等深流沉积的发育。 相似文献
3.
鄂尔多斯地区西缘中奥陶世等深流沉积 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
本文论述了在鄂尔多斯地区西缘中奥陶统中首次发现的碳酸盐等深流沉积及其堆积体－等深岩丘。其等深岩可划分为砂屑等深岩、粉属等深岩、灰泥等深岩和生物屑等深岩四种类型。识别出了完整的、不完整的和由单一的砂屑等深岩叠置组成的等深岩层序。砂屑等深岩大量发育是本区等深岩丘与其它已发现的各种等深岩丘的重要区别。古流向研究和等深岩的粒度、结构特征表明，在中奥陶世，沿鄂尔多斯地区西缘斜坡带存在较强的自南而北的等深流流动体系。 相似文献
4.
华南古大陆边缘湘北九溪下奥陶统碳酸盐等深岩丘 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
湘北桃源九溪碳酸盐等深岩丘发育于早奥陶世华南古大陆边缘湘北深水区。该区早奥世层系厚逾350m;其中极为发育的等深岩可分为灰泥等深岩、砂屑等深岩、粉屑等深岩、细砾屑等深岩和生物屑等深岩等5种。前3类等深岩常构成完整或不完整等深岩层序,砂屑等深岩作为夹层,近于均匀地分布于整个层系中,使等深岩丘显示单调的韵律性剖面结构。该层系空间上的展布型式表明该等深岩丘是沿古斜坡走向延伸的巨大脊状沉积体。众多的流向标志指示了沿斜坡自西而东的古流向。 相似文献
5.
深水等深积岩丘及其含油气潜能 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
等深积岩丘大量存在干现代海洋调查和古代地层记录的深水沉积中,其规模可与深海大型浊积扇相比拟。岩性一般由泥级、粉砂级、砂级及细砾级等深漉沉积构成,成分上可以是陆源碎屑的或是碳酸盐的,其中粉砂级和砂级等深流沉积的单层厚度在数厘米至数十厘米,厚者可达2m 左右。颗粒的分选性一般中等一较好,局部很好,原生孔隙发育,并与深水原地沉积的页岩、泥岩互层沉积,具有良好的生储盖组合特性。对比了大西洋东缘现代沉积的 Faro 等深积岩丘和中国古代奥陶纪沉积的湘北九溪等深积岩丘、甘肃平凉等深积岩丘的层序特征,提出了等深积岩丘的形成分为萌生、成型和衰退三个阶段的沉积模式。认为等深积岩丘具有潜在的油气勘探前景。 相似文献
6.
通过野外剖面实测和详细描述,沅古坪地区下奥陶统盘家咀组为一套以灰色泥晶灰岩、砂屑灰岩和生物屑灰岩为主的深水碳酸盐岩沉积,主要发育垂向降落沉积、重力流沉积和等深流沉积3种沉积类型.根据岩性特征可将该等深流沉积划分为灰泥等深岩、砂屑等深岩和生物屑等深岩3种类型,其中灰泥等深岩尤为发育,砂屑等深岩、生物屑等深岩次之,并对其发育特征以及垂向层序进行了归纳总结.研究表明,研究区主要存在由单一灰泥等深岩、砂屑等深岩与灰泥等深岩、生物屑等深岩与灰泥等深岩组成的3种不完整等深岩层序.在剖面上,根据等深岩发育类型及程度,将盘家咀组划分为三部分,从第Ⅰ部分至第Ⅲ部分,等深岩沉积厚度所占比例呈增大趋势;结合区域沉积背景,认为该地区早奥陶世盘家咀组沉积期等深流活动的强度总体上呈由弱到强的变化规律,为此等深岩丘的成熟期,这对该等深岩丘的形成机理研究及其展布范围的界定具有重大意义. 相似文献
7.
深水沉积及其与古地理的关系一直是沉积学领域研究的重点,也是薄弱环节之一。鄂尔多斯盆地南部富平赵老峪地区奥陶系平凉组深水沉积发育,岩性以泥晶灰岩及砾屑灰岩为主,局部可见泥灰岩、泥岩、硅岩及凝灰岩。沉积构造以流水波痕和小型交错层理为主,生物扰动极为发育。典型岩相有泥晶石灰岩夹硅岩和泥岩相、生物扰动泥晶灰岩相及块状层理灰岩相,分别代表斜坡原地沉积、等深流沉积及碎屑流沉积。三种沉积的δ13C-δ18O、Th-U、Ga-Cu、B-Cr、B-Ga、B-Sr、Ni/Co-U/Th、B/Ga-U/Th及87Sr/86Sr-Sr/Ba等地化指标差异明显。从下至上,斜坡原地沉积及碎屑流沉积规模逐渐减小,等深流沉积规模不断增加。另外,平凉组沉积时期,相对海平面整体上升,古盐度呈多个高-低旋回变化,古气候逐渐干燥,还原作用增强。其中,相对海平面升高,古盐度变化明显,湿润气候及较强还原作用有利于等深流沉积的发育;而相对海平面降低、干燥气候及构造运动有利于碎屑流沉积发育。 相似文献
8.
等深流作用机制和沉积的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
等深流是大洋环境非常重要的动力学机制,其沉积蕴含了重要的古海洋学和古气候信息,对其进行解析是近些年国际海洋学、气候学的研究热点。等深流是顺陆坡走向流动的牵引流,其侵蚀—沉积效应取决于陆坡地貌、气候旋回等多种因素,认识等深流侵蚀—沉积的动力学规律是学术界关注的焦点之一,也具有重要的油气经济意义。探究等深流沉积的新类型、等深流沉积的形态和叠加—迁移型式,以及它们发育的背景和控制因素,也是近些年学术界和工业界关注的热点。确定等深流作用机制及其沉积响应的研究脉络,对凝聚研究方向和确定科研目标至关重要。 相似文献
9.
等深流与重力流在深水环境中较为常见,两者在地质历史时期中可存在相互作用进而形成交互作用沉积。结合近20年研究成果,对深水等深流与重力流交互作用的沉积类型、鉴别标志、形成机理及地质意义进行了总结。1）等深流与重力流交互作用沉积可分为等深流与重力流沉积互层、等深流改造重力流及等深流与重力流同时作用沉积。2）等深流沉积和重力流沉积的有效鉴别是等深流与重力流沉积互层沉积研究的前提。3）等深流改造重力流沉积发育重力流和牵引流沉积构造,双向交错层理最为典型;常具顺斜坡向下及大致平行斜坡的两个水流方向;概率累积曲线呈1~3段式等特征。4）等深流与重力流同时作用沉积主要发育单向迁移水道、不对称的水道—堤岸体系及偏转型朵叶。5）交互作用形成过程主要受等深流与重力流相对能量大小的影响。当重力流活跃时,发育重力流沉积,在重力流末期及间歇期,等深流沉积发育,进而形成重力流与等深流沉积互层。等深流能量较强时,可改造重力流沉积,形成等深流改造重力流沉积。高能等深流在重力流能量较弱时,可对重力流沉积物进行横向搬运,形成迁移水道、不对称水道—堤岸体系及偏转型朵叶。6）主要问题及下一步的主攻方向主要包括四个方面:①重视综合研究,增加实例分析;②完善鉴别标志,推广研究成果;③多方法、多尺度、多条件、多维度综合探讨交互作用沉积过程及主控因素;④加强油气勘探潜力、古环境演化及地质灾害预防等方面的研究。 相似文献
10.
采用野外观察描述和室内分析相结合的方法,以桌子山剖面奥陶系沉积相研究为基础,识别出了典型的碳酸盐等深流沉积。首次采用Fischer图解法,求取了碳酸盐等深流沉积其可容空间变化曲线。参照野外的样品化学分析数据,得出深水等深岩的生烃能力较好,故对等深岩的研究具有潜在的矿产意义。在未来研究上,应运用地震波识别、遥感等现代科技调查手段,进行多学科综合研究,尽快建立一套完善的识别标志,以促使其逐渐成为沉积学中一个更为完善的研究领域。 相似文献
11.
Thierry Mulder Emmanuelle Ducassou Vincent Hanquiez Mlanie Principaud Kelly Fauquembergue Elsa Tournadour Ludivine Chabaud John Reijmer Audrey Recouvreur Herv Gillet Jean Borgomano Anais Schmitt Paul Moal 《Sedimentology》2019,66(4):1192-1221
New data collected along the slopes of Little and Great Bahama Bank and the abyssal plain of the Bahama Escarpment provides new insights about contour current‐related erosive structures and associated deposits. The Bahamian slope shows abundant evidence of bottom current activity such as furrows, comet‐like structures, sediment waves and drifts. At a seismic scale, large erosion surfaces and main periods of drift growth resulted from current acceleration related to plate tectonic processes and progressive opening and closure of gateways and long‐term palaeoclimate evolution. At present‐day, erosion features and contourite drifts are either related to relatively shallow currents (<1000 m water depth) or to deep currents (>2500 m water depth). It appears that the carbonate nature of the drifts does not impact the drift morphology at the resolution addressed in the present study. Classical drift morphologies defined in siliciclastic environments are found, such as mounded, plastered and separated drifts. In core, contourite sequences show a bi‐gradational trend that resembles classical contourite sequences in siliciclastic deposits showing a direct relationship with a change in current velocity at the sea floor. However, in a carbonate system the peak in grain size is associated with increased winnowing rather than increased sediment supply as in siliciclastic environments. In addition, the carbonate contourite sequence is usually thinner than in siliciclastics because of lower sediment supply rates. Little Bahama Bank and Great Bahama Bank contourites contain open‐ocean input and slope‐derived debris from glacial episodes. Inner platform, platform edge and open ocean pelagic input characterize the classical periplatform ooze during interglacials. In all studied examples, the drift composition depends on the sea floor topography surrounding the drift location and the type of sediment supply. Carbonate particles are derived from either the slope or the platform in slope and toe of slope drifts, very deep contourites have distant siliciclastic sources of sediment supply. The recent discovery of the importance of a large downslope gravitary system along Bahamian slopes suggests frequent interactions between downslope and along‐slope (contour currents) processes. The interlayering of mass flow deposits and contourites at a seismic scale or the presence of surface structures associated with both contour currents and mass flow processes shows that both processes act at the same location. Finally, contour currents have an important impact on the repartition of deep‐water coral mounds. Currents can actively interact with mounds as a nutrient and oxygen supplier or have a passive interaction, with mounds solely being obstacles orienting erosion and deposition. 相似文献
12.
13.
陕西富平地区中奥陶统等深流沉积的特征及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
陕西富平赵老峪地区中奥陶统赵老峪组发育一套与深水碳酸盐岩重力流沉积、放射虫硅质岩、火山凝灰岩伴生的等深流沉积。根据岩性特征可以将该等深流沉积划分为砾屑等深积岩、砂屑等深积岩、粉屑等深积岩和灰泥等深积岩4种类型,识别出较完整的、由单一灰泥或粉屑或砂屑等深积岩叠置组成的4种等深积岩层序。等深流的流向从东北向西南方向,说明中奥陶世富平地区可能是秦岭北侧弧后盆地伸进浅水台地的一个北东向的深海前槽。富平赵老峪地区下奥陶统马家沟组和华北地块其他地区一样都发育浅水台地相碳酸盐岩,中奥陶统突变为深水斜坡-盆地边缘相的碳酸盐岩重力流及等深流沉积,而同期华北地块主体隆升为陆,反映了在扬子板块向华北板块俯冲的背景下,秦岭北侧早古生代弧后盆地北测的陷落下沉作用。 相似文献
14.
Contourites: Their recognition in modern and ancient sediments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We suggest that publication of evidence that the continental rise of the western North Atlantic has been shaped by bottom currents flowing parallel to bathymetric contours (Heezen, Hollister and Ruddiman, 1966) marked the beginning of a revolution in sedimentology comparable to the turbidite revolution launched by Kuenen and Migliorini in their classical 1950 paper.Intensification of slow, thermohaline circulation on the western margins of the ocean basins leads to high-velocity, deep, boundary currents, capable of eroding, transporting and depositing fine-grained sediment. Long-period, direct current measurements suggest a complex, periodic flow for these currents, while bottom photographs indicate their influence on the sediment surface. Sediment ridges in the North Atlantic can be closely related to the deep-water circulation pattern. Other morphological features (ripples, furrows, waves), echogram characteristics, and the presence of well-developed nepheloid layers cannot be uniquely attributed to the action of bottom currents.Critical review of marine-based investigations reveals a lack of generally accepted criteria for the recognition of contourites on the basis of sediment character. We discuss the problems in establishing such criteria and recognize that: (a) a continuum may exist between dilute turbidity flows, bottom currents and hemipelagic settling; (b) interbedded turbidites, contourites and hemipelagites are common, especially in a rise environment; and (c) composition and other criteria may be only locally applicable. However, we can identify two main contourite groups, muddy contourites and sandy contourites, and have proposed new criteria for their recognition. Muddy contourites are generally bioturbated, have poorly defined bedding, and contain biogenic sand often concentrated into irregular layers. They may be texturally and compositionally distinct from interbedded turbidites, and have relatively high CaCO3 and organic carbon contents. Sandy contourites occur as thin, bioturbated, irregular lag-deposits, or as reworked tops of sandy turbidites. In the latter case they may be clean, well sorted, parallel- or cross-laminated, but show no offshore trends or vertical structural sequence. Grain orientation shows the bottom current direction, often superimposed upon the original turbidite fabric.Reveiw of land-based work shows that there is growing recognition of the need for a new concept to complement turbidity-current theory, but that there have been relatively few claims of firm contourite identification. Recognition of ancient contourites has been based either on the application of previous sedimentological criteria, or on an interpretation of the broader environmental framework. It is suggested that it is lack of suitable criteria for the identification of contourites rather than a true scarcity of these rocks that has led to such a restricted literature.Mindful of problems created by diagenesis, tectonic activity and the limited preservation potential of many diagnostic features of marine contourites, we do suggest criteria, and a procedure, for the recognition of contourites in land-based work. Sandy contourites of the reworked-turbidite variety may be the most easily recognised; the presence of bimodal palaeocurrent directions at about 90° is an important indicator of this type.The geological significance of contourites in palaeo-oceanographical, palaeogeographical and tectonic reconstructions is emphasised, especially in relation to work on passive (Atlantic-type) continental margins. We also refer to the possible economic significance of contourites as exploration for hydrocarbons moves into deeper waters. 相似文献
15.
以地震资料为基础, 对南海北部第四系深层等深流沉积进行了研究。南海北部水深约1200～3000m范围内发育大型长条状漂积体、限制型漂积体、陆坡席状漂积体及沉积物波。大型长条状漂积体外形为丘状, 水道在靠陆一侧发育。限制型漂积体主要沉积于地形突起之间的地势相对低洼处, 外形多平坦, 水道较为发育。陆坡席状漂积体外形为席状。沉积物波面积较大, 部分与漂积体伴生。深层等深流在自北东向南西沿南海陆架运动过程中, 在中上陆坡由于地形变化相对较大及科氏力作用影响形成螺旋型等深流, 进而产生次生环流, 形成大型长条状漂积体及限制型漂积体。在中下陆坡因地形相对平坦、开阔, 等深流为层状水流, 多形成陆坡席状漂积体。本研究不仅能提高对南海深层等深流沉积的认识, 还能为油气勘探服务。 相似文献
16.
V. A. I. Huvenne D. G. Masson A. J. Wheeler 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(4):865-884
Grainsize, mineralogy and current-meter data from the Northern Rockall Trough are presented in order to characterise the sandy
contourite that forms the sedimentary environment of the Darwin cold-water coral mounds, and to investigate the impact of
this environment on the mound build-up. Large clusters of small cold-water coral mounds, 75 m across and 5 m high, have been
found southwest of the Wyville Thomson Ridge, at 900–1,100 m water depth. Their present-day sedimentary environment consists
of a subtly sorted sandy contourite, elongated NE–SW, roughly parallel to the contours. Critical erosional and depositional
current speeds were calculated, and trends in both the quartz/feldspar and foraminifera fractions of the sands show a bi-directional
fining from bedload/erosion-dominated sands in the NE to suspension/deposition-dominated sediments in the SW and towards the
S (downslope). This is caused by a gradual reduction in governing current speed, linked to a reduction in slope gradient,
and by the increasing distance from the current core in the downslope direction. No specific characteristics were found distinguishing
the mound sediments from the surrounding sands: they fit in the overall spatial pattern. Some mound cores show hints of a
fining-upward trend. Overall the mound build-up process is interpreted as a result of sediment baffling. 相似文献