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我国滨海现代沉积物的有机地球化学特征及其与油气关系的探讨 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
研究滨海现代沉积物的有机地球化学特征,对探讨油气的成因,开发海底油气资源具有重要意义.近几年来我们采用生油岩的分析流程和方法,对渤海、黄海、东海的滨海及长江三角洲的表层沉积物中的可溶有机质和干酪根进行分析鉴定,取得了比较完整的资料.用生油研究的地化指标、参数进行整理得到了一些规律性的认识. 相似文献
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埋藏在海洋沉积物中的有机碳是大气二氧化碳的净汇,而埋藏过程主要发生在陆架区。北冰洋拥有全球最大的陆架,接收大量来自河流和沿岸侵蚀输运的陆源有机碳,楚科奇海作为北冰洋的边缘海,是有机碳埋藏的重要海区之一。本研究选用楚科奇海和海台的表层沉积物（陆架区33~82.69 m,陆坡区164.63~3 763 m）,通过木质素,结合粒度、比表面积、有机碳百分含量（OC%）、有机碳稳定同位素（δ13C）等指标来示踪楚科奇海沉积物有机碳的来源和降解程度。结果表明,有机碳载荷从陆架到陆坡有明显的降低趋势;δ13C的范围指示有机碳可能来自苔藓、草本裸子植被、浮游植物和冰藻等;木质素丁香基酚（S）与香草基酚（V）的比值（S/V）和肉桂基酚（C）与香草基酚（V）的比值（C/V）表明裸子植物的草本组织贡献了更多的陆源有机碳;此外,较高含量的C9DA二酸（干酪根氧化产物）表明干酪根也可能是楚科奇海表层沉积物中有机质来源的重要组成。指示降解的参数[（Ad/Al） s、（Ad/Al） v、（Ad/Al） p、3,5-Bd/V]在陆架和陆坡沉积物中的差异表明陆坡沉积物中有机质的降解过程受到水动力分选以及原位降解等因素的影响更为明显。 相似文献
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本文根据有机地球化学资料,首次研究和探讨了珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积物中有机质丰度和可溶有机质的组成特征。现代沉积物有机质丰度,有机碳为0.58％,氯仿沥青“A”为210ppm,烃含量为33.8ppm;钻孔中有机碳为0.77％,氯仿沥青“A”为253ppm,烃含量为16.4ppm。从有机质组成、红外吸收光谱特征、δ~(13)C、干酪根H/C原子比,均表现为陆生植物为主,水生生物为铺,为腐殖型或腐泥—腐殖型的母质类型。 相似文献
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沉积有机质是古沉积环境的一种潜在指示．本文研究了位于日本中部的niigata和akita弧后盆地中新世到更新世沉积岩中干酪根（有机不溶物）成分、沉积环境和海平面变化之间的关系。文中主要的分析工具是一张包含有以木-煤有机质、含孢粉的草本有机质以及含蜡质的未定型有机质三个为顶点的三角图表,把不同地区、不同沉积环境中的干酪根组分投入到三角图表中,此中的沉积环境包括河流相、河口湾、前三角洲、大陆架、大陆斜坡、盆地的海底扇以及远物源的洋底沉积。结果表明,河流、河口湾沉积高含木-煤有机质和含孢粉的草本有机质,而蜡质未定型有机质较少,那是因为孢粉主要沉积在河口湾;因为三角洲分流提供了大量粗颗粒的陆源有机质,所以前三角洲沉积具有高的木-煤质有机质比例;陆架沉积的干酪根组成与大陆斜坡、海底扇沉积类似。在三角图中,干酪根具有高含木-煤有机质、含孢粉的草本有机质而较少量含蜡质的未定型有机质,那是因为孢粉主要沉积在河口湾。因为三角洲分流提供了大量的粗粒陆源有机质,所以前三角洲沉积具有高含木-煤有机质。陆架沉积的干酪根与大陆斜坡近岸扇的一样,在三角图中,干酪根具有高含木-煤有机质和含蜡质的未定型有机质,而含孢粉的草本有机质较少。这些表明陆源沉积物中存在过浊流作用,远物源的洋盆沉积中含有较高的未定型有机质（AOM）。
三角图中的每一种类型反映了不同的水动力条件、离物源的距离以及陆源有机物的供应状况。三个顶点由WFA、NFA＋FA以及藻类体组成的亚三角图进一步表明了AOM的来源。陆架沉积中的NFA与远物源洋盆沉积中的WFA分别代表着陆源高等植物和海相有机质的来源。NFA中干酪根高δ^13C值（-24．6～ -27．3‰）表明了陆源植物来源,而WFA中δ^13C（-20．0～123．6‰）则表明了海相浮游生物来源。这些同位素值与次三角图中得到的结论是一致的,这可以从三角图成分的变化中得出,就像其它已经使用过的图标一样,三角图将为以后干酪根、沉积环境和海平面变化之间的关系的研究提供方便。 相似文献
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南海南部海域海底沉积物弹性性质及其分布 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
报道和分析了12°N以南的南海南部海域海底沉积物弹性参数纵波速Vp、横波速Vs、弹性模量E、体积弹性模量K、压缩系数β、剪切模量μ、泊松比ν和拉梅常数λ,并对大陆架和大陆坡、深海盆的结果进行比较分析。结果表明,海底浅层沉积物声速(纵波速)以低声速为主,高声速沉积物主要在大陆架和个别岛礁区域,低声速沉积物连成一片,高声速沉积物不是连成一片。大陆架海底沉积物弹性模量、体积弹性模量、泊松比和拉梅常数等4项参数比大陆坡海底沉积物要高,大陆坡海底沉积物压缩系数比大陆架海底沉积物要高,剪切模量在大陆架和大陆坡海底上相差不大。讨论了它们之间的关系、平面分布特征及其普遍意义。 相似文献
6.
根据１５００多个表层底质样品分析资料，将本区沉积物分为１２种主要类型，并结合其他资料阐述沉积物分布特点。根据重力取样管，钻孔及浅地层资料，分析研究了沉积物厚度和来源。利用计算所得的沉积物结构参数（ＭＤΦ、ＱＤΦ、ＳＫΦ）分析了沉积环境，探讨了沉积物粒度特征和沉积机理。 相似文献
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含水合物沉积物孔隙结构特征分析和微观渗流模拟是水合物研究的基础性、关键性工作,对深入理解沉积物中水合物的分解机理、储层渗流机理和开采机理有十分重要的意义。总结了国内外含水合物沉积物的微观孔隙探测方法,对比分析了多种微观探测技术应用在水合物研究中的技术特点;重点分析了计算机断层扫描(CT)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和核磁共振成像(MRI)技术在含水合物沉积物孔隙结构研究中的应用现状;简述了利用微观数值模拟方法进行含水合物沉积物渗流分析的研究进展;在此基础上,展望了含水合物沉积物孔隙特征分析和微观渗流模拟研究的未来方向和挑战。 相似文献
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泥炭样品^14C年龄可靠性初步研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
本文通过对泥炭中分离出的碱不溶物、胡敏酸、富里酸等有机组分样品及未经组分分离的泥炭原样的~(14)C年龄测定,探讨了泥炭样品~(14)C年龄可靠性问题。初步认为:低灰分、低分解的泥炭,同一层位的各组分样品的~(14)C年龄,具有较明显的一致性,低灰分泥炭碱不溶物的~(14)C年龄,大多偏老于其它组分,表明其年龄是可靠的,但高灰分泥炭的碱不溶物,其年龄往往偏年轻,而胡敏酸组分的年龄则具有相对的可靠性;富里酸是最年轻的不稳定的组分,其~(14)C年龄明显年轻而不可靠,是现代碳污染的主要来源。 相似文献
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中国海域及邻区某些盆地生油岩的有机地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
蓝先洪 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1992,(3)
本文根据有机地球化学资料,研究和探讨了中国海域及邻区某些盆地生油岩的有机质丰度、可溶有机质的组成特征和不溶有机质的性质。结果表明,绝大多数生油岩有机碳含量大于0.90％,氯仿沥青“A”含量平均值大于600ppm,总烃大于200ppm。母质类型为腐殖—腐泥型和腐泥—腐殖型。 相似文献
13.
Eight lacustrine Type I kerogen samples from the Songliao Basin were pyrolyzed using the Rock-Eval equipment, and parallel first-order reaction models including the model with a single frequency factor and a discrete distribution of activation energies (SFF model) and the model with multiple frequency factors and a discrete distribution of activation energies (MFF model) were adopted to analyze kinetic characteristics of hydrocarbon generation of the Type I kerogen samples. The results show that the MFF and SFF models can satisfactory simulate hydrocarbon generation under laboratory conditions and the Type I kerogen shows relatively concentrated activation energy distributions (activation energies of MFF model range from 190 kJ/mol to 250 kJ/mol, activation energies of SFF model range from 220 kJ/mol to 240 kJ/mol), which indicates a homogeneous chemical bond structure of the Type I kerogen. The hydrocarbon generated curves from Type I kerogen were calculated by using the two models with a linear heating rate (3.3 K/Ma). It indicates that the hydrocarbon generation potentials (reaction fractions) are underestimated by using the SFF model during the kerogen thermal degradation for the components with chemical bond of lower and higher activation energies, while this problem can be avoided by using the MFF model. The calculated temperatures for 50% transformation ratio (TR) of all samples differ by as much as 20 °C. For the SFF model, the hydrocarbon generation curve obtained by using the weighted averaged kinetic parameters and the SFF model almost includes every curve calculated by using its own kinetic parameters. While the curve obtained by using the weighted averaged kinetic parameters and the MFF model cannot include every curve for all samples, it lies at the position of the averaged curve of all samples. The application of the MFF model in Songliao Basin shows that if TR 10% is taken as the onset of hydrocarbon generation, the threshold depth of hydrocarbon generation is about 1700 m, which is consistent with other geochemical parameters, such as S1/TOC, S1/(S1 + S2) and HC/TOC. 相似文献
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This study is the first attempt which provides information regarding the bulk and quantitative pyrolysis results of the Chia Gara Formation from the Kurdistan region, northern Iraq. Ten representative early-mature to mature samples from the Chia Gara Formation were investigated for TOC contents, Rock Eval pyrolysis, pyrolysis-GC and bulk kinetic parameters. These analyses were used to characterize the petroleum generated during thermal maturation of the Chia Gara source rock and to clarify the quantity of the organic matter and its effect on the timing of petroleum generation.Pyrolysis HI data identified two organic facies with different petroleum generation characteristics; Type II–III kerogen with HI values of >250 mg HC/g TOC, and Type III kerogen with HI values < 100 mg HC/g TOC. These types of kerogen can generate liquid HCs and gas. This is supported by the products of pyrolysis–gas chromatography (Py–GC) analysis of the extracted rock samples. Pyrolysis products show a dominance of a marine organic matter with variable contributions from terrestrial organic matter (Types II–III and III kerogen), and produces mainly paraffinic-naphthenic-aromatic low wax oils with condensate and gas.Bulk kinetic analysis of the Chia Gara source rock indicates a heterogeneous organic matter assemblage, typical of restricted marine environments in general. The activation energy distributions reveal relatively broad and high values, ranging from 40 to 64 kcal/mol with pre-exponential factors varying from 2.2835 E+12/sec to 4.0920 E+13/sec. The predicted petroleum formation temperature of onset (TR 10%) temperatures ranges from 110 to 135 °C, and peak generation temperatures (geological Tmax) between 137 °C and 152 °C. The peak generation temperatures reach a transformation ratio in the range of 42–50% TR, thus the Chia Gara source rock could have generated and expelled significant quantities of petroleum hydrocarbons in the Kurdistan of Iraq. 相似文献
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Three bitumen fractions were obtained and systematically analysed for the terpane and sterane composition from 30 Paleozoic source rocks and 64 bitumen-containing reservoir rocks within the Upper Sinian, Lower Cambrian, Lower Silurian, Middle Carboniferous, Upper Permian and Lower Triassic strata in the Sichuan Basin and neighbouring areas, China. These bitumen fractions include extractable oils (bitumen I), oil-bearing fluid inclusions and/or closely associated components with the kerogen or pyrobitumen/mineral matrix, released during kerogen or pyrobitumen isolation and demineralization (bitumen II), and bound compounds within the kerogen or pyrobitumen released by confined pyrolysis (bitumen III). In addition, atomic H/C and O/C ratios and carbon isotopic compositions of kerogen and pyrobitumen from some of the samples were measured. Geochemical results and geological information suggest that: (1) in the Central Sichuan Basin, hydrocarbon gases in reservoirs within the fourth section of the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation were derived from both the Lower Cambrian and Upper Sinian source rocks; and (2) in the Eastern Sichuan Basin, hydrocarbon gases in Middle Carboniferous Huanglong Formation reservoirs were mainly derived from Lower Silurian source rocks, while those in Upper Permian and Lower Triassic reservoirs were mainly derived from both Upper Permian and Lower Silurian marine source rocks. For both the source and reservoir rocks, bitumen III fractions generally show relatively lower maturity near the peak oil generation stage, while the other two bitumen fractions show very high maturities based on terpane and sterane distributions. Tricyclic terpanes evolved from the distribution pattern C20 < C21 < C23, through C20 < C21 > C23, finally to C20 > C21 > C23 during severe thermal stress. The concentration of C30 diahopane in bitumen III (the bound components released from confined pyrolysis) is substantially lower than in the other two bitumen fractions for four terrigenous Upper Permian source rocks, demonstrating that this compound originated from free hopanoid precursors, rather than hopanoids bound to the kerogen. 相似文献
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用批量平衡实验法研究了腐殖酸(Humic acid,HA)在4种矿物蒙脱石、高岭石、针铁矿和水锰矿上的吸附。Freundlich和Langmuir模型都可以很好地描述吸附行为。矿物对腐殖酸的吸附能力顺序为:针铁矿水锰矿蒙脱石高岭石。增大盐度有利于促进吸附,但溶解有机质对吸附影响很小。腐殖酸在蒙脱石、高岭石和水锰矿3种矿物上的吸附随溶液pH值的升高而减少,而在针铁矿上的吸附只有当pH值高于7时才逐渐降低。腐殖酸在矿物表面上的作用机制最可能是疏水作用和氢键作用。 相似文献
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This study investigates the source rock characteristics of Permian shales from the Jharia sub-basin of Damodar Valley in Eastern India. Borehole shales from the Raniganj, Barren Measure and Barakar Formations were subjected to bulk and quantitative pyrolysis, carbon isotope measurements, mineral identification and organic petrography. The results obtained were used to predict the abundance, source and maturity of kerogen, along with kinetic parameters for its thermal breakdown into simpler hydrocarbons.The shales are characterized by a high TOC (>3.4%), mature to post-mature, heterogeneous Type II–III kerogen. Raniganj and Barren Measure shales are in mature, late oil generation stage (Rr%Raniganj = 0.99–1.22; Rr%Barren Measure = 1.1–1.41). Vitrinite is the dominant maceral in these shales. Barakar shows a post-mature kerogen in gas generation stage (Rr%Barakar = 1.11–2.0) and consist mainly of inertinite and vitrinite. The δ13Corg value of kerogen concentrate from Barren Measure shale indicates a lacustrine/marine origin (−24.6–−30.84‰ vs. VPDB) and that of Raniganj and Barakar (−22.72–−25.03‰ vs. VPDB) show the organic provenance to be continental. The δ13C ratio of thermo-labile hydrocarbons (C1–C3) in Barren Measure suggests a thermogenic source.Discrete bulk kinetic parameters indicate that Raniganj has lower activation energies (ΔE = 42–62 kcal/mol) compared to Barren Measure and Barakar (ΔE = 44–68 kcal/mol). Temperature for onset (10%), middle (50%) and end (90%) of kerogen transformation is least for Raniganj, followed by Barren Measure and Barakar. Mineral content is dominated by quartz (42–63%), siderite (9–15%) and clay (14–29%). Permian shales, in particular the Barren Measure, as inferred from the results of our study, demonstrate excellent properties of a potential shale gas system. 相似文献
18.
Yaoling Zhang Jinzhou Du Fenfen Zhang Yihua Yu Jing Zhang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
In order to improve the understanding of structural and reactive features of sediment organic matter from mangrove swamp as well as evaluate the relationship between such features and the impact from different sources (marine and terrestrial), humic and fulvic acids were isolated from two mangrove swamp sediments located in the Qinglan harbors on Hainan Island, China. One is a forest surface sediment site (WWM2), and the other is an estuary subaqueous sediment site (BMW). The humic and fulvic acids were characterized and compared using chemical and spectroscopic methods, including elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) and potentiometric titrations. The results indicated that there were less aliphatic compounds but more aromatic compounds and oxygen-containing functional groups in fulvic acids. Humic acids contained more long-chain hydrocarbons and nitrogen compounds. Comparison of the C/N ratios and δ13C values for the humic substances at both sites indicated a larger marine and/or microbial contribution to the BMW site. Humic substances at the WWM2 site have more acidic functional groups than those of the BMW site. Compared to the literature, more phenolic groups existed in the samples of both sites, which may be due to the autochthonous contribution of mangrove plants. 相似文献