共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
淀山湖有色可溶性有机物的光谱吸收特性 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
探讨了淀山湖水体中有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)的光谱吸收特性,CDOM与叶绿素a、浊度和COD等水质参数的关系,以及不同波段范围内CDOM光谱吸收形状(指数函数斜率S值)的变化.结果表明:淀山湖CDOM吸收系数不高,在355 nm波长处的吸收系数变化范围是6.95-10.28 m-1,而且湖南区高于湖北区;CDOM吸收系数和叶绿素a、浊度、COD等水质参数的相关性都不高,证明湖中的CDOM主要来自于城镇生活污水和工业废水的排放;CDOM吸收系数在300-500 nm范围内随着波长的增加呈指数递减,超过500 nm之后呈线性递减,在300-500 nm波段范围内指数函数的曲线斜率S为11.7-14.8 μm-1,在501-750 nm波段范围内波长每增1 nm,CDOM的吸收系数减小0.0021 m-1. 相似文献
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有色溶解性有机物(CDOM)广泛存在于水体中,占溶解有机碳(DOC)10%～90%,其浓度影响水环境碳循环过程、污染物质迁移以及水生生物群落的结构和功能。为分析东北地区水库DOC碳循环情况,本文于2015—2020年对第二松花江流域典型水库白山水库和丰满水库进行5次现场观测和室内实验,在分析CDOM吸收特性的基础上,基于Landsat系列卫星利用波段比值法建立CDOM浓度反演模型(R2=0.82),根据实测值CDOM与DOC的强相关性(R2=0.78),进而估算水库DOC浓度。结果表明：(1)利用野外实测数据和Landsat系列卫星能够对东北内陆水库CDOM浓度进行良好反演,(2)2000—2020年白山水库和丰满水库年际CDOM和DOC浓度变化不大,在2010年之后表现出轻微上升趋势,CDOM浓度从支流和干流的汇入到主库区呈现逐渐减少趋势,(3)白山水库和丰满水库M值(CDOM在250和365 nm处吸收系数比值)和S275～295(CDOM在275～295 nm波段处的吸收光谱的斜率)较小、SUVA254<... 相似文献
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暴雨事件对千岛湖CDOM及颗粒物吸收光谱特征的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究暴雨事件对千岛湖有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)和颗粒物吸收光谱的影响,利用2016年暴雨前(3月1-6日)和暴雨后(4月6-11日)采集的水样,对暴雨前、后千岛湖水体CDOM、浮游藻类和非藻类颗粒物的吸收光谱特征进行分析,探讨暴雨事件对其造成的影响.结果表明:千岛湖作为典型的深水型内陆湖泊,其CDOM、浮游藻类颗粒物和非藻类颗粒物的吸收强度较太湖等浅水型湖泊弱.暴雨前,CDOM光谱吸收系数aCDOM(λ)值在0~0.6 m-1范围内变化,其光谱拟合系数SCDOM的均值为0.0158±0.00145 nm-1.暴雨前浮游藻类光谱吸收在总颗粒物中占主导,aph(λ)在0~0.35m-1范围内变化,非藻类颗粒物光谱吸收系数aNAP(λ)在0~0.15 m-1范围内变化,其光谱拟合系数SNAP均值为5.62±0.57μm-1;暴雨后CDOM光谱吸收系数aCDOM(λ)值在0~1.6 m-1范围内变化,其光谱拟合系数SCDOM的均值为0.0157±0.00101 nm-1.暴雨后浮游藻类光谱吸收系数aph(λ)在0~2.5 m-1范围内变化,非藻类颗粒物光谱吸收在部分区域已占据主导地位,aNAP(λ)在0~0.8 m-1范围内变化,其光谱拟合系数SNAP均值为5.72±0.68μm-1.由CDOM吸收特征值相对分子质量M值得出,暴雨前、后千岛湖不同区域CDOM组成都以富里酸为主,且暴雨前M值分布较均匀,暴雨后M值呈现从新安江向缓冲区、东南区递增的趋势,这说明西北区随暴雨输入的腐殖酸增加了CDOM的相对分子质量.暴雨对SNAP值影响较大的区域为西北区、西南区、东北区,对西南区影响最小.本研究为使用光学手段深入探讨暴雨事件对千岛湖水环境的影响提供重要依据. 相似文献
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淮河流域周村水库夏季CDOM吸收光谱特征、空间分布及其来源分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
基于2015年8月采集的24个淮河流域以周村水源水库为代表的表层水样的有色溶解性有机物(CDOM)吸收系数数据,研究了CDOM吸收光谱的空间分布特征,考察了CDOM的吸收系数与水质参数的相关关系,同时探讨了周村水库夏季CDOM的潜在来源.结果显示:依据CDOM的吸收光谱空间分布特性及采样点分布特征,周村水库分为入库口、过渡区和主库区3个特征水域;CDOM的吸收系数沿入库口到主库区依次递减,S值呈现相反的趋势;分析发现S240~500与a(355)和a*(355)呈极显著负相关(R~2=0.98、0.88);CDOM吸收系数a(355)与溶解性有机碳(DOC)浓度具有良好的线性相关,有利于建立DOC遥感反演模型;同时,CDOM吸收系数a(355)与a_(ph)(440)存在极显著正线性相关,表明浮游植物的新陈代谢及其降解产物是夏季周村水库CDOM的潜在来源.综上,通过对夏季周村水库水体CDOM的研究,丰富了关于水源水体CDOM的调查资料,可为日后水库的管理提供技术支撑. 相似文献
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为探究引黄水源水库——门楼水库平水期和丰水期有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)的组成特征、来源及差异,运用紫外—可见光谱技术(UV-vis)和三维荧光光谱(EEMs)技术,结合平行因子分析法(PARAFAC)分析2022年5月(平水期)和2022年7月(丰水期)有色可溶性有机物含量及组分变化。研究结果表明:PARAFAC识别出2类荧光组分,分别是C1(Ex=355 nm,Em=476 nm,类腐殖质组分)和组分C2(Ex=225 nm,Em=320 nm,类蛋白组分);丰水期CDOM组分荧光强度显著高于平水期。CDOM光谱参数表明,门楼水库水体处于中营养状态,水体CDOM受新生内源和外源输入共同影响,以自生源为主;水库CDOM具有相对分子量小、腐殖化程度较弱的特点。丰水期水库富营养化水平和CDOM相对浓度低于平水期;丰水期CDOM疏水性组分比例和芳香化程度高于平水期。水质理化指标、CDOM组分和光谱参数相关性分析结果表明SUVA260和SUVA280与DOC呈显著负相关,说明紫外—可见光谱参数在一定程度上可以用来估算DOC的浓度;Chl.a浓度作为... 相似文献
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兴凯湖春季水体悬浮颗粒物和CDOM吸收特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了分析兴凯湖水体光学活性物质的吸收特性、来源和空间分布以及对400~700 nm范围内总吸收的贡献,于2013年5月对该水体进行野外实验,对水体中浮游藻类、非藻类颗粒物和有色可溶性有机物的吸收特性和水质参数进行测定.结果表明:总悬浮颗粒物的吸收光谱与非藻类颗粒物相似,色素颗粒物含量较少且单一,非藻类颗粒物在总悬浮颗粒物吸收中占主导地位,其贡献率始终在50%以上.CDOM吸收曲线的拟合函数斜率值Sg均高于其它水体.440 nm处总悬浮颗粒物和非藻类颗粒物的吸收系数ap(440)、ad(440)与总悬浮颗粒物、无机悬浮颗粒物和有机悬浮颗粒物浓度相关性均较好,与叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度的相关性较差.兴凯湖与其它Ⅱ类水体的差异性表现在440 nm处CDOM吸收系数ag(440)与Chl.a浓度、溶解性有机碳(DOC)浓度均无显著相关性,说明DOC以无色部分为主.总体上,大兴凯湖各吸收系数和水质参数均值均低于小兴凯湖,后者水质受农耕区退水及周围渔业、旅游业的影响较大. 相似文献
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青藏高原地区分布的湖泊数量众多、面积较大、分布范围广泛.受制于恶劣的自然条件,对该地区湖泊的光学吸收特性以及光合有效辐射衰减系数(Kd(PAR))的研究鲜有成果.本文依据2014和2015年间采集的13个典型高海拔、湖泊面积较大的湖库的现场实测数据和实验室测定数据,分析了采样湖库各个采样点的Kd(PAR)特征以及有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)、藻类颗粒物吸收及非色素颗粒物吸收特性,计算并分析了Kd(PAR)与透明度以及光学活性物质的关系.研究结果表明:青藏高原地区各湖库平均各项颗粒物吸收系数均较低,总颗粒物吸收系数在400~700 nm波段内不超过0.14 m~(-1)、CDOM吸收系数在355 nm波长处最高,为1.23 m~(-1)、最低接近于0、藻类颗粒物吸收特性不明显;实验数据完整的巴木错、格仁错和班公错的主导吸收组分各异,其中巴木错为CDOM吸收主导,格仁错与班公错为非色素颗粒物吸收主导;青藏高原采样湖泊总体Kd(PAR)平均值较小,仅为0.26 m~(-1),样点最大值出现在可鲁克湖(1.17 m~(-1)),最小值出现在普莫雍错(0.10 m~(-1));在采样湖泊中Kd(PAR)与透明度呈显著相关;Kd(PAR)与CDOM的相关性最强,叶绿素a浓度次之,与总悬浮颗粒物浓度的相关性最不显著. 相似文献
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长江中游湖泊CDOM光学特性及其空间分布对比 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
根据2007年秋季洪湖、东湖和梁子湖的调查结果,分析了长江中游3个典型湖泊CDOM光学特性及其空间分布差异.结果表明:(1)CDOM吸收系数在洪湖最高,梁子湖最低;(2)在洪湖,CDOM吸收系数受陆源影响较大,与悬浮泥沙浓度呈现较好正相关关系,而在梁子湖,CDOM吸收系数主要受到浮游植物降解贡献,与叶绿素浓度具有显著的正相关关系;(3)洪湖与东湖指数函数斜率S值变化不大;梁子湖CDOM吸收系数空间分布差异较大,指数函数斜率S值与400nm波段CDOM吸收系数ag(400)显著负相关.在建立梁子湖CDOM遥感反演模型时,应引入上述指数甬数斜率S值与400nm波段CDOM吸收系数之间的线性函数,对CDOM吸收系数的指数模型进行优化. 相似文献
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藻源性湖泛发生过程CDOM变化对水色的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用Y-型沉积物再悬浮发生装置模拟湖泛发生过程,分析其中有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)的变化特征及其对水色的影响.结果表明,藻类死亡过程消耗大量的氧气,水中溶解氧在短时间内消失殆尽,形成厌氧环境;并同时分解产生大量CDOM,使得水中CDOM显著增多.前期阶段,CDOM浓度随时间一直升高,第6 d时CDOM浓度达到峰值,CDOM在443 nm处的吸收系数ag(443)为4.48 m-1.水体黑度值(Fe S浓度)呈先增大后减小的趋势,最大值0.35 mmol/L同样出现在第6 d,整个过程中,CDOM浓度和黑度值变化趋势一致,ag(443)与水体黑度呈显著正相关.利用Hydrolight和CIE颜色匹配函数模拟不同梯度的CDOM对水色的影响,发现随ag(443)增大,水体颜色也逐渐由绿色转为棕色,整体向长波方向移动,水色逐渐变暗.因此,可以认为CDOM浓度变化是引起湖泛水体发黑的重要原因之一,可作为定量监测湖泛强度的指示性参数. 相似文献
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We identify and assess the relative importance of the principal factors influencing the release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved forms of nitrogen (N) from a small upland headwater dominated by podzolic soils during a sequence of autumn runoff events. We achieve this by subjecting high‐resolution hydrometeorological and hydrochemical data to an R‐mode principal component factor analysis and a stepwise multivariate regression analysis. We find that the release of DOC and N is influenced by four principal factors, namely event magnitude, soil water flow through the Bs horizon, the length of time since the soil profile was last flushed, and rewetting of the H horizon. The release of DOC and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is most strongly influenced by the combination of event magnitude and soil water flow through the Bs horizon, and to a lesser extent by the length of time since the soil profile was last flushed. Rewetting of the H horizon also influences the release of DOC, but this is not the case for DON. The release of nitrate (NO3‐N) is most strongly influenced by the combination of the length of time since the soil profile was last flushed and rewetting of the H horizon, and to a lesser extent by event magnitude. Soil water flow through the Bs horizon does not influence the release of NO3‐N. We argue that the mechanisms by which the above factors influence the release of DOC and N are probably strongly associated with moisture‐dependent biological activity, which governs the turnover of organic matter in the soil and limits the availability of NO3‐N in the soil for leaching. We conclude that the release of DOC and N from upland headwaters dominated by podzolic soils is largely controlled by the variable interaction of hydrometeorological factors and moisture‐dependent biological processes, and that a shift in climate towards drier summers and wetter winters may result in the release of DOC and N becoming increasingly variable and more episodic in the future. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Two long records of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in river water were examined by a detailed time series analysis in order to shed light on the mechanisms generating observed increases in DOC concentrations across the UK. The records date back as far as 1962 and come from catchments 589 and 818 km2 in area. The DOC records were compared with others taken simultaneously for flow, pH, alkalinity, air temperature and rainfall, and in one of the catchments also for turbidity and conductivity. All records were examined by the seasonal Kendall test; frequency distributions of daily DOC measurements were examined; annual cycles were calculated, Autoregressive and impulse functions were derived for DOC against flow records. The time series analysis shows that: (i) DOC trends cannot be readily explained by trends in flow, pH, alkalinity, turbidity or conductivity; (ii) there is a significant increase in carbon flux from these catchments; (iii) maximum and minimum components of the annual distribution of daily readings both show increases in DOC, implying that DOC flux is increasing for differing hydrological pathways; (iv) increases in DOC concentrations coincide with increases in temperature, though the biggest increases in temperature are in the winter months when such increases might be expected to have less effect on DOC production; (v) change in trend, and therefore flux, was observed to occur after a severe drought in 1976. The study suggests that there are real, significant increases in carbon loss from upland peat catchments and that climate is a major driver, especially a severe drought. Severe drought triggering changes in the DOC flux might be attributed to enzymic latch mechanisms. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Waterborne carbon (C) export from terrestrial ecosystems is a potentially important flux for the net catchment C balance and links the biogeochemical C cycling of terrestrial ecosystems to their downstream aquatic ecosystems. We have monitored hydrology and stream chemistry over 3 years in ten nested catchments (0.6–15.1 km2) with variable peatland cover (0%–22%) and groundwater influence in subarctic Sweden. Total waterborne C export, including dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), ranged between 2.8 and 7.3 g m–2 year–1, representing ~10%–30% of catchment net ecosystem exchange of CO2. Several characteristics of catchment waterborne C export were affected by interacting effects of peatland cover and groundwater influence, including magnitude and timing, partitioning into DOC, POC, and DIC and chemical composition of the exported DOC. Waterborne C export was greater during the wetter years, equivalent to an average change in export of ~2 g m–2 year–1 per 100 mm of precipitation. Wetter years led to a greater relative increase in DIC export than DOC export due to an inferred relative shift in dominance from shallow organic flow pathways to groundwater sources. Indices of DOC composition (SUVA254 and a250/a365) indicated that DOC aromaticity and average molecular weight increased with catchment peatland cover and decreased with increased groundwater influence. Our results provide examples on how waterborne C export and DOC composition might be affected by climate change. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Elizabeth W. Boyer George M. Hornberger Kenneth E. Bencala Diane M. McKnight 《水文研究》1997,11(12):1635-1647
The spatial distribution of source areas and associated residence times of water in the catchment are significant factors controlling the annual cycles of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in Deer Creek (Summit County, Colorado). During spring snowmelt (April–August 1992), stream DOC concentrations increased with the rising limb of the hydrograph, peaked before maximum discharge, then declined rapidly as melting continued. We investigated catchment sources of DOC to streamflow, measuring DOC in tension lysimeters, groundwater wells, snow and streamflow. Lysimeter data indicate that near-surface soil horizons are a primary contributor of DOC to streamflow during spring snowmelt. Concentrations of DOC in the lysimeters decrease rapidly during the melt period, supporting the hypothesis that hydrological flushing of catchment soils is the primary mechanism affecting the temporal variation of DOC in Deer Creek. Time constants of DOC flushing, characterizing the exponential decay of DOC concentration in the upper soil horizon, ranged from 10 to 30 days for the 10 lysimeter sites. Differences in the rate of flushing are influenced by topographical position, with near-stream riparian soils flushed more quickly than soils located further upslope. Variation in the amount of distribution of accumulated snow, and asynchronous melting of the snowpack across the landscape, staggered the onset of the spring flush throughout the catchment, prolonging the period of increased concentrations of DOC in the stream. Streamflow integrates the catchment-scale flushing responses, yielding a time constant associated with the recession of DOC in the stream channel (84 days) that is significantly longer than the time constants observed for particular locations in the upper soil. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The relationship between stream water DOC concentrations and soil organic C pools was investigated at a range of spatial scales in subcatchments of the River Dee system in north‐east Scotland. Catchment percentage peat cover and soil C pools, calculated using local, national and international soils databases, were related to mean DOC concentrations in streams draining small‐ (<5 km2), medium‐ (12–38 km2) and large‐scale (56–150 km2) catchments. The results show that, whilst soil C pool is a good predictor of stream water DOC concentration at all three scales, the strongest relationships were found in the small‐scale catchments. In addition, in both the small‐ and large‐scale catchments, percentage peat cover was as a good predictor of stream water DOC concentration as catchment soil C pool. The data also showed that, for a given soil C pool, streams draining lowland (<700 m) catchments had higher DOC concentrations than those draining upland (>700 m) catchments, suggesting that disturbance and land use may have a small effect on DOC concentration. Our results therefore suggest that the relationship between stream water DOC concentration and catchment soil C pools exists at a range of spatial scales and this relationship appears to be sufficiently robust to be used to predict the effects of changes in catchment soil C storage on stream water DOC concentration. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Global peatlands store an unparalleled proportion of total global organic carbon but it is vulnerable to erosion into fluvial systems. Fluvial networks are being recognized as areas of carbon transformation, with eroded particulate organic carbon processed to dissolved organic carbon and CO2. Existing studies indicate biodegradation and photodegradation as key processes controlling the transformation of organic carbon in fluvial systems, with initial concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) identified as a control on the rate of carbon mineralization. This study manipulates temperature and incident light intensity to investigate carbon mineralization rates in laboratory simulations of peatland sediment transport into fluvial systems. By directly measuring gaseous CO2 emissions from sampled stream water, the relationship of temperature and light intensity with carbon efflux is identified. In simulations where sediment (as particulate organic matter, POM) is absent, temperature is consistently the dominant factor influencing carbon efflux rates. This influence is independent of the initial DOC concentration of the water sample. In simulations where POM was added, representing a peatland river receiving eroded terrestrial sediment, initial DOC concentration predicts 79% of the variation in total gaseous carbon efflux whereas temperature and light intensity predict 12% and 3%, respectively. When sampled stream water's mineralization rates in the presence of added POM are analysed independently, removing DOC as a model variable, the dominant variable affecting CO2 efflux is opposite for each sample. This study presents novel data suggesting peatland erosion introduces further complexity to dynamic stream systems where rates of carbon transformation processes and the influence of specific environmental variables are interdependent. Anthropogenic climate change is identified as a leading risk factor perpetuating peatland erosion; therefore, understanding the fate of terrestrial sediment in rivers and further quantifying the benefits of protecting peatland soils will be of increasing importance to carbon budgeting and ecosystem function studies. 相似文献
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Mercury and methylmercury biogeochemistry in a thawing permafrost wetland complex,Northwest Territories,Canada 
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下载免费PDF全文 In arctic and sub‐arctic environments, mercury (Hg), more specifically toxic methylmercury (MeHg), is of growing concern to local communities because of its accumulation in fish. In these regions, there is particular interest in the potential mobilization of atmospherically deposited Hg sequestered in permafrost that is thawing at unprecedented rates. Permafrost thaw and the resulting ground surface subsidence transforms forested peat plateaus into treeless and permafrost‐free thermokarst wetlands where inorganic Hg released from the thawed permafrost and draining from the surrounding peat plateaus may be transformed to MeHg. This study begins to characterize the spatial distribution of MeHg in a peat plateau–thermokarst wetland complex, a feature that prevails throughout the wetland‐dominated southern margin of thawing discontinuous permafrost in Canada's Northwest Territories. We measured pore water total Hg, MeHg, dissolved organic matter characteristics and general water chemistry parameters to evaluate the role of permafrost thaw on the pattern of water chemistry. A gradient in vegetation composition, water chemistry and dissolved organic matter characteristics followed a toposequence from the ombrotrophic bogs near the crest of the complex to poor fens at its downslope margins. We found that pore waters in poor fens contained elevated levels of MeHg, and the water draining from these features had dissolved MeHg concentrations 4.5 to 14.5 times higher than the water draining from the bogs. It was determined through analysis of historical aerial images that the poor fens in the toposequence had formed relatively recently (early 1970s) as a result of permafrost thaw. Differences between the fens and bogs are likely to be a result of their differences in groundwater function, and this suggests that permafrost thaw in this landscape can result in hotspots for Hg methylation that are hydrologically connected to downstream ecosystems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献