共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
相空间中划分大尺度异常雨型的进一步研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
使用1962~2001年的逐日台站降水资料,考察中国夏季大尺度低频降水的时空特征。对于20d以上的低频尺度降水异常,在前8个主要EOF模态支撑的相空间中,采用聚类分析方法划分了6种大尺度异常雨型:东北型、黄河型、秦岭淮河型、长江江南型、华南型和少雨型。分析表明,这些雨型的物理意义明确,具有较好的持续性,优于使用2维概率密度函数的划分结果,从而说明相空间中的聚类分型是整体性和区域性兼顾的划分方式,同时也证实了多维相空间的不均匀性。统计结果显示,新雨型在季节内交替出现,能够反映出大尺度异常降水的低频演变特征,并且具有不同于季风雨带变化的特点。通过分析新雨型在历史上的分布情况,并与以往分型相比较,进一步反映出新雨型划分的客观性和合理性。 相似文献
2.
中国南方夏季低频雨型特征及其年代际变化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了揭示南方低频降水的季节内及年代际变化规律,利用1961—2011年夏季中国南方逐日降水资料和大气环流再分析资料,运用经验正交函数分解(EOF)与聚类分析相结合方法,将南方地区10 d以上的低频尺度降水划分为5个异常雨型.分析表明,各雨型具有较好的持续性,与同期的环流场有很好的对应关系,彼此间水汽异常输送特征有明显差别.通过对雨型的统计特征进行分析,指出不同于以往的季节平均雨型,低频雨型可在季节内交替出现,反映了大尺度异常降水的低频演变特征.进一步研究发现,近50年来各低频雨型的多项统计特征存在显著的年代际变化:20世纪80—90年代各多雨型均相继出现峰值,进入21世纪偏旱型的各项统计特征存在明显上升趋势,而大部分低频多雨型出现次数减少,这可能预示着中国南方地区正在进入一个季节内尺度降水减少的阶段. 相似文献
3.
我国四季极端雨日数时空变化及其与海表温度异常的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用1960—2004年我国586个气象站的逐日降水观测资料,对每个季节和每个站点,以雨日降水量升序排列的第90个百分位值定义极端日降水阈值,分析揭示了我国四季极端雨日数的时空变化特征、与海表温度异常的关系以及相联系的大气环流异常型。结果表明,我国长江流域极端雨日数在冬季和夏季呈显著增加趋势,华北地区极端雨日数在冬季显著增加、而在夏季显著减少,华南地区极端雨日数在春季显著增加,东北地区极端雨日数在冬季和春季显著增加,而西北地区极端雨日数在四季均显著增加。各季极端雨日数在线性趋势变化之上表现年际和年代际变化特征,并且其典型异常型明显不同,春、秋季表现为长江以南与以北地区反位相的"偶极型"变化,夏季表现为长江流域与华南、华北地区反位相的"三极型"变化,冬季表现为全国大部分地区同位相的"单极型"变化。我国季节极端雨日数与印度洋-太平洋海表温度异常的关系主要表现为与ENSO的关系,而ENSO影响我国极端降水异常是通过相应的大气环流异常型来实现的。 相似文献
4.
5.
北京地区降水空间分布及城市效应分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1971-2010年北京地区20个测站降水资料和城市发展数据,分析了北京地区降水的大尺度变化趋势及局地降水的城市效应特征。结果表明:(1)北京地区年降水量具有大尺度变化特征,其线性倾向率为-9.12 mm·(10a)-1;(2)城市化缓慢期城市对降水影响不明显,而快速发展期则表现出明显的雨岛效应,城市化不仅使雨岛增强,还对城市下风向降水有一定影响;(3)受盛行风及热岛环流的共同影响,北京地区不同季节局地降水表现出不同的分布形态;(4)城市化过程对城区局地强降水日数存在增加效应。 相似文献
6.
利用1979—2007年NOAA重建海温逐月资料和中国160站夏季降水资料,使用扩展奇异值分解（extended singular value decomposition,ESVD）方法,研究了冬季热带太平洋海温异常与次年夏季中国降水异常季节内演变型之间的关系,指出前冬El Nino事件是与次年夏季中国降水季节内变化相联系的最重要的热带太平洋海温异常模态。相应的降水异常季节内变化情况为：6月在长江以南为正异常,江淮流域有负异常;7月在华南沿海有负降水异常,而正异常北进到长江流域,华北地区也出现正降水异常;8月在长江南北分别为少雨和多雨。进一步研究前冬El Nino事件与次年春夏印度洋、太平洋海温异常、对流层低层风场异常以及副热带高压等的联系,结果表明：El Nio事件发生的次年春夏,热带西太平洋周边存在东负西正的海温异常分布;西太平洋反气旋异常较强;副高在6月、7月偏西偏北,但在8月迅速南退。虽然与El Nino事件相联系的6月与7月、8月的降水型不同,但是西太平洋反气旋异常带来的充沛水汽造成7月长江流域雨季多雨,8月副高迅速南退带来的又一次长江流域降水,造成了El Nino事件发生次年夏季长江流域涝而华南沿海旱的夏季平均降水异常型。 相似文献
7.
2020年夏季我国天气气候极为异常,全国平均降水量为373.0 mm,较常年同期偏多14.7%,为1961年以来次多;季节内阶段性特征显著,6—7月多雨带主要位于江南大部—江淮地区,8月则主要在东北、华北及西南地区,致使2020年夏季雨型分布异常,不是传统认识上的四类雨型分布。通过对同期大气环流和热带海温等异常特征分析发现,6—7月,欧亚中高纬环流表现为“两脊一槽”型,东亚副热带夏季风异常偏弱,西太平洋副热带高压(以下简称西太副高)较常年同期显著偏强、偏西,第一次季节性北跳偏早,第二次北跳明显偏晚,且表现出明显的准双周振荡特征;使得来自西北太平洋的转向水汽输送偏强,并与中高纬不断南下的冷空气活动相配合,水汽通量异常辐合区主要位于长江中下游地区,导致江淮梅雨异常偏多。热带印度洋持续偏暖对维持6—7月西太副高偏强偏西及东亚夏季风异常偏弱起到了重要作用。8月,欧亚中高纬环流调整为“两槽一脊”型,蒙古低压活跃;西太副高也由前期偏纬向型的带状分布转为“块状”分布,脊线位置偏北;沿西太副高外围的异常西南风水汽输送延伸至华北—东北南部,形成自西南到东北的异常多雨带,与6—7月江淮流域降水异常偏多的空间分布有明显不同。异常的热带大气季节内振荡活动是导致8月中低纬大气环流发生调整的重要原因。 相似文献
8.
利用1979—2007年NOAA重建海温逐月资料和中国160站夏季降水资料,使用扩展奇异值分解(extended singular value decomposition,ESVD)方法,研究了冬季热带太平洋海温异常与次年夏季中国降水异常季节内演变型之间的关系,指出前冬El Nio事件是与次年夏季中国降水季节内变化相联系的最重要的热带太平洋海温异常模态。相应的降水异常季节内变化情况为:6月在长江以南为正异常,江淮流域有负异常;7月在华南沿海有负降水异常,而正异常北进到长江流域,华北地区也出现正降水异常;8月在长江南北分别为少雨和多雨。进一步研究前冬El Nio事件与次年春夏印度洋、太平洋海温异常、对流层低层风场异常以及副热带高压等的联系,结果表明:El Nio事件发生的次年春夏,热带西太平洋周边存在东负西正的海温异常分布;西太平洋反气旋异常较强;副高在6月、7月偏西偏北,但在8月迅速南退。虽然与El Nio事件相联系的6月与7月、8月的降水型不同,但是西太平洋反气旋异常带来的充沛水汽造成7月长江流域雨季多雨,8月副高迅速南退带来的又一次长江流域降水,造成了El Nio事件发生次年夏季长江流域涝而华南... 相似文献
9.
山东夏季降水分布型及与全国雨型的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用山东省26个代表站1961—2009年夏季6—8月降水资料,采用自然函数正交分解（EOF）和相关概率等方法定义了山东夏季降水分布型,并分析了其年代际变化特征及与全国雨型的关系,结果表明：山东夏季降水存在同多（少）、东少（多）西多（少）及南多（少）北少（多）六个基本分布型;其与全国雨型有一定的联系,出现频数最高的同多型中,全国Ⅱ类雨型最多,其次为Ⅰ类雨型;出现频数次高的同少型中,全国Ⅲ类雨型最多。山东夏季雨型变化具有明显的年代际特征,同多型主要出现在上世纪60年代前期、90年代中前期及21世纪初;同少型主要分布在80年代;2000年以来,山东夏季以全省多雨为主,且主要多雨区位于鲁南、鲁中东部和半岛地区。 相似文献
10.
2018年秋季我国气候异常及成因分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
2018年秋季我国气候异常特征总体表现为：气温呈“东高西低”的分布;东部降水呈“南北多、中间少”的分布,其中内蒙古中东部、东北、江南南部和华南大部地区降水异常偏多,而华北至江南北部降水异常偏少,且江南和西南地区降水出现明显的季节内反向分布转变特征。异常成因分析表明,秋季欧亚中高纬度槽脊活动频繁,冷空气活跃,西太平洋副热带高压较常年同期偏强偏西,脊线季节内南北波动较大,西南水汽输送偏强,导致我国东部降水南北多、中间少。进一步研究表明,海温异常是影响2018年秋季我国气候异常的最主要外强迫因子,季节内El Ni〖AKn~D〗o由中部型向东部型发展,热带印度洋海温偶极子正位相持续,副热带南印度洋偶极子正位相发展。秋季后期El Ni〖AKn~D〗o影响增强,东亚副热带大气环流发生明显的季节内响应。因此,El Ni〖AKn~D〗o和印度洋海温的演变及其对东亚环流的影响,加上欧亚中高纬环流异常的季节内调整,二者共同导致了我国南方地区降水出现明显的东西反向的季节内变化。 相似文献
11.
Using a 40-yr daily precipitation dataset including 134 stations from 1962 to 2001, the large-scale distribution patterns of precipitation anomalies over East China are investigated in the present paper. In the phase space spanned by the first 8 EOFs generated from the 20-day low-pass filtered data, the six rainfall regimes (RRs) are identified by applying a cluster analysis method, namely, the northeastern China regime, Yellow River regime, Qinling Mountain-Huaihe River regime, Yangtze River with its south regime, South China regime, and rainless regime. Analyses show that the new RRs exhibit good persistence and evident physical sense, and excellently represent both of countrywide and regional features, which also demonstrate the inhomogeneity of multi-dimensional phase space. Furthermore, it is more important that the new RRs can describe intraseasonal dynamic characteristics of large-scale rainfall anomalies, which is the most significant difference between the new RRs and the conventional seasonal mean rainfall patterns. On the other hand, the climatic characteristics of daily distributions of the RRs events, as well as the 40-year panorama of the RRs occurring are also investigated, which further document rationality and objectivity of the RRs with intraseasonal variability, and are likely to present more helpful information for short-term climate prediction, compared with other previous classical rainfall patterns. 相似文献
12.
江淮流域夏季降水异常与西北太平洋副热带30～60天振荡强度年际变化的联系 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
利用1978～2007年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和地面观测站降水资料, 研究了夏季江淮流域降水多寡与30～60天振荡 (ISO) 强度年际变化的联系。结果表明: 江淮流域夏季降水异常与台湾海峡地区及西北太平洋低频能量变化相关显著。定义了ISO强度指数, 对ISO强度指数高低年夏季低频降水以及低频环流的位相合成表明: 高指数年主要通过存在于南海—西北太平洋地区的低频气旋、 反气旋系统的交替活动来影响副热带高压的进退, 从而引起江淮流域夏季降水异常; 低指数年江淮流域夏季降水主要受西太平洋副热带高压位置及强度变化的影响, 降水异常区主要位于江南地区。进一步研究表明, 非30～60天低频降水扰动与低频振荡强度也有很好的相关。低频环流对双周以及天气时间尺度环流变化可能存在调制作用, 这种作用对江淮流域夏季降水的年际异常起到非常重要的作用。 相似文献
13.
The Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) over the Western Ghats (WG) and the Bay of Bengal (BoB) is marked by the intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) with preferred 10–20-day and 30–50-day bands. On the basis of pentad Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis Precipitation and daily sea level pressure and winds at 850?hPa derived from European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecast reanalysis, we present the structure and evolution of the ISOs linked to the ISMR variations over the WG and the BoB and the associated anomalies of the atmospheric circulation using the approaches of wavelet analysis, bandpass filtering and composite analysis. This study reveals that the activities of both the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) contribute strongly to the structure and propagation of the ISOs on intraseasonal time scales. Northward development and propagation of the ITCZ plays a critical role in the northward-propagating ISOs, but not in the westward-propagating BoB 10–20-day ISOs. The latter ISOs may be linked, instead, to the activity of synoptic-scale weather systems to the east over the western tropical Pacific. The enhanced ITCZ in the tropical Indian Ocean plays a strong role in the sudden strengthening of the WPSH during the transition from the break to active phase of the 30–50-day ISOs. We find that the strong WPSH in the Asian summer monsoon season, with generally northward advance and eastward withdrawal, promotes the formation of a northwest to southeast tilted anomalous rainfall belt over the East Asian tropical summer monsoon region and the western tropical Pacific in the 30–50-day low-frequency band. Positive (Negative) elongated rainfall anomalies with an unbroken northwest-southeast tilt, strong easterly (westerly) anomalies in the tropical Pacific, and northward advance and eastward movement of strong (weak) WPSH are favorable for maintaining the eastward propagation of the 30–50-day ISOs in the Pacific. Daily high-resolution sea surface temperature obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is used to explain the propagation features of the 10–20-day ISOs in the Indian Ocean. 相似文献
14.
西北太平洋夏季风对中国长江流域夏季降水的影响 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
利用1979～2005年NCEP/NCAR的环流场再分析资料和降水资料, 通过对季风期降水、 大气环流、 水汽输送及低频振荡等方面的分析, 分别从时间和空间上分析了西北太平洋夏季风与中国长江流域夏季降水的联系。结果表明:(1) 西北太平洋夏季风与中国长江流域夏季降水存在显著的负相关关系, 在西北太平洋夏季风强盛时, 副热带高压异常偏北, 其西侧的偏南气流异常偏弱, 使得我国长江流域形成低层异常环流及水汽输送的辐散区, 从而造成长江流域夏季降水偏少; 而在西北太平洋夏季风减弱的年份, 西太平洋副高异常偏南偏西, 在长江流域以南地区形成异常偏强的偏南风水汽输送, 使得长江流域成为南、 北距平风的汇合区, 其上空对流活动异常活跃, 非常有利于长江流域的降水。 (2) 东亚局地Hadley垂直环流在强、 弱季风年也显著不同, 在强季风年里, Hadley局地环流异常偏弱, 长江流域上空出现的下沉运动距平, 使得该地区降水减弱, 而弱季风年则正好相反。 (3) 西北太平洋夏季风存在显著的气候平均的大气季节内振荡 (CISO), 在西北太平洋夏季风减弱时期, 长江流域降水同时受到源自热带西北太平洋西传CISO和源自热带印度洋东传CISO的共同影响, 可能造成了某种锁相关系, 从而造成降水偏多; 而在强季风年里长江流域只受由西太平洋西传的CISO的影响, 不容易激发降水。 相似文献
15.
The precipitation over eastern China during January–March 2010 exhibited a marked intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) and a dominant period of 10-60 days. There were two active intraseasonal rainfall periods. The physical mechanisms responsible for the onset of the two rainfall events were investigated using ERA-interim data. In the first ISO event, anomalous ascending motion was triggered by vertically integrated (1000–300 hPa) warm temperature advection. In addition to southerly anomalies on the intraseasonal (10–60-day) timescale, synoptic-scale southeasterly winds helped advect warm air from the South China Sea and western Pacific into the rainfall region. In the second ISO event, anomalous convection was triggered by a convectively unstable stratification, which was caused primarily by anomalous moisture advection in the lower troposphere (1000–850 hPa) from the Bay of Bengal and the Indo-China Peninsula. Both the intraseasonal and the synoptic winds contributed to the anomalous moisture advection. Therefore, the winter intraseasonal rainfall events over East Asia in winter could be affected not only by intraseasonal activities but also by higher frequency disturbances. 相似文献
16.
本文基于1979～2015年中国台站观测的格点化高分辨率降水和NCEP II大气再分析逐日资料,探讨了亚洲季风区夏季30～60天大气季节内振荡（ISO）与长江中下游地区持续性降水异常的关系,重点揭示了南亚和东亚子季风区ISO的相互作用及二者协同引起长江中下游持续性极端降水的物理机制。合成分析表明,南亚和东亚ISO是通过高层辐散环流发生相互作用。在ISO位相1～3（5～7）,异常活跃（抑制）对流从赤道印度洋北传至孟加拉湾—印度次大陆区域,其伴随的高层异常辐散（辐合）环流通过补偿效应,引起南海—热带西北太平洋的异常高层辐合（辐散）,加强了局地的异常下沉（上升）运动,有利于南海—西北太平洋的异常抑制（活跃）对流发展并维持。南海—西北太平洋的异常抑制（活跃）对流伴随着显著的斜压散度,并进一步激发出一个连接南海和长江中下游的经向垂直环流圈,引起长江中下游强烈的异常上升（下沉）运动和低层水汽辐合（辐散）,使得降水持续性偏多（少）,极端降水的发生概率持续地偏高（低）,有利于（不利于）形成持续性极端降水事件。研究还表明,亚洲季风区ISO的强度存在显著的年际变化,并对长江中下游持续性极端降水的发生频次和持续时间具有调制作用。在ISO偏强（弱）年,长江中下游持续性极端降水的发生频次较高（低）,且持续时间较长（短）。 相似文献
17.
High-resolution satellite-derived data and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data are used to investigate intraseasonal oscillations （ISO） over the tropical Indian Ocean.A composite evolution of the ISO life cycle is constructed,including the initiation,development,and propagation of rainfall anomalies over the tropical Indian Ocean.The characteristics of ISO over the tropical Indian Ocean are profoundly different before and after the onset of the Indian summer monsoon.Positive precipitation anomalies before monsoon onset appear one phase earlier than those after monsoon onset.Before monsoon onset,precipitation anomalies associated with ISO first initiate in the western tropical Indian Ocean and then propagate eastward along the equator.After monsoon onset,convective anomalies propagate northward over the Indian summer monsoon region after an initial eastward propagation over the equatorial Indian Ocean.Surface wind convergence and air-sea interaction play critical roles in initiating each new cycle of ISO convection. 相似文献
18.
Summary Due to the strong variation of the Asian monsoon, many countries in Asia often suffer from serious natural disasters. Droughts and floods appear in East China frequently related to the large anomalies of the two branches of East Asian monsoon. Based on rainfall data recorded by 336 Chinese stations in the 1980s, two distinctly opposite rainfall types over East China in summer (JJA) are discovered. Correspondly, 850 hPa anomalous wind fields in the Eastern Hemisphere are also possessed by two types of converse patterns in spring (MAM) and summer (JJA). The onset time and intensity of the Somali jet and the two branches of Southeast and Indian monsoon are quite different. Furthermore, in the 500 hPa geopotential height anomaly fields in spring and summer, the variations of the previous general atmospheric circulation (in spring) are closely correlated to the two kinds of conversely distributed rainfall in summer. These two types of rainfall are also related to two types of conversely distributed sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans. To investigate model capabilities refelecting the above observed features, eight numerical experiments are carried out using the IAP 2-L AGCM, with observed monthly mean global SSTs as external forcing and observed atmospheric data on February 15 as initial conditions. The simulated distributions of rainfall anomalies over East China in summer are in good accordance with observations. With conversely distributed SSTAs in the equatorial Pacific, the simulated 850 hPa anomalous wind fields and the 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies are also conversely distributed, and are closely related to the two types of simulated rainfall anomalies over East China. The cross equatorial wind varies in strength, space and time. The simulated distributions of anomalous 500 hPa geopotential height in spring and the anomalous wind at 850 hPa in spring and summer are quite similar to observations.With 10 Figures 相似文献
19.
Seasonal persistence and propagation of intraseasonal patterns over the Indian monsoon region 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The space-time evolution of convection over the monsoon region containing the Indian subcontinent, the Indian Ocean and the West Pacific has been studied. A multi-channel singular spectrum analysis of the daily outgoing longwave radiation has yielded two intraseasonal oscillatory patterns and two large-scale standing patterns as the most dominant modes of intraseasonal variability. The oscillatory modes vary on time scales of about 45 and 28 days and their average cycles of variability are shown to correspond to the life cycles of active and break periods of monsoon rainfall over India. During an active (break) cycle, a convection (dry) anomaly zone first appears in the equatorial Indian Ocean, subsequently expands to cover the Indian subcontinent and finally contracts to disappear in the northern part of India. Some eastward and northward movements are found to be associated with both oscillatory modes, while westward movement may also be associated with the 28-day mode. The oscillatory modes are shown to have a large spatial scale extending to the West Pacific. One of the standing modes has anomalies of uniform sign covering the entire region and is related to El Niño and southern oscillation (ENSO) pattern. The other standing mode has a dipole structure in the equatorial Indian Ocean associated with large-scale anomalies over India with the same sign as those over the western part of the dipole. These two standing modes persist throughout the monsoon season, each maintaining its respective pattern. The seasonal mean monsoon is mainly determined by the two standing patterns, without much contribution from the oscillatory modes. The relative role of the standing patterns (ENSO mode and dipole mode) seems to be important in determining the seasonal mean during certain years. 相似文献