共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
D. C. MASON D. G. CORR A. CROSS D. C. HOGG D. H. LAWRENCE M. PETROU 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):195-215
Abstract Remotely-sensed data constitute a major potential source of input to geographical information systems (GIS)However, these data often have a relatively poor classification accuracy compared with that of the cartographic data from maps with which they may be combined in the course of GIS analysis. The possibility exists of using data sets (in the form of digital maps) resident within a GIS in order to improve this accuracy, before the classified image is incorporated into the GIS. Results are discussed from a British Alvey Information Technology project to develop a system for the knowledge-based segmentation and classification of remotely-sensed terrain images, in which the knowledge contained in digital map 相似文献
2.
R. G. HEALEY S. G. ROBERTSON J. T. MAGOR J. PENDER K. CRESSMAN 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(1):117-136
Abstract Desert locust plagues can affect up to 20 per cent of the surface of the Earth. Data on locust breeding, environmental conditions and swarm movements in affected countries, are collected at the headquarters of the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome. GIS technology coupled with remote sensing inputs allows these data to be utilised for monitoring and forecasting purposes much more effectively than heretofore. Design requirements and the implementation strategy for such a GIS are examined, emphasizing the role of global digital map datasets such as the Digital Chart of the World, the importance of effective data integration and the need for an ergonomic user interface that facilitates both data capture and analysis. 相似文献
3.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):440-450
Rather than seeing the oceans as an expansive void, researchers using acoustic technologies can detect the heterogeneity of biological resources and view the marine environment as a three-dimensional landscape. Underwater remote sensing, using acoustics, provides high resolution maps of the spatial distribution of organisms in aquatic ecosystems. Analyzing the spatial pattern of species distribution within the water column and the impact of that organization on ecological processes bridges the fields of fisheries and spatial analysis. Tools and concepts familiar to geographers, such as remote sensing, GIS, and landscape ecology, contribute to the investigation of large lake and marine ecosystems. 相似文献
4.
D. C. MASON J. R. G. TOWNSHEND 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):121-141
Abstract The wide variety of research into aspects of geographical information systems (GIS) undertaken at the Natural Environment Research Council's Unit for Thematic Information Systems is described. This includes work on spatial data models, on the application of artificial intelligence to improve the quality of input of remotely-sensed data, on automation of map cataloguing, on improving display and on GIS modelling. 相似文献
5.
土地利用变化研究中的GIS空间分析方法及其应用 总被引：41，自引：7，他引：41
土地利用变化研究尤其是空间变化研究 ,离不开 GIS的空间分析方法。该方法的数据基础主要是矢量格式的土地利用图件和遥感解译制图成果 ;模型基础包括 GIS的时空数据模型、属性数据模型和提取土地利用变化特征的原理模型 ;而数据处理过程则涉及GIS系统的数据转换功能、编辑功能、空间分析功能、数据库操作功能、空间统计分析功能以及图形显示功能等。本文结合北京市土地利用变化的实例分析 ,从上述三方面详细阐述了 GIS的空间分析方法及其在土地利用变化研究中的应用。 相似文献
6.
HOLLY J. DICKINSON HUGH W. CALKINS 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):211-212
Abstract A fragmentation index has been implemented as a region based GIS operator to describe the spatial distribution of thematic classes in one data layer within map regions defined in another data layer. It has been applied to integrated analysis of digital maps and classified remote sensing data, for estimation of landscape complexity within watersheds and for detection of logged forest stands. The properties of the fragmentation index, when applied in this manner, are discussed. The fragmentation index is suggested as a valuable means of describing image characteristics of spectrally heterogeneous map regions. 相似文献
7.
G. GRAY TAPPAN DONALD G. MOORE WALTER I. KNAUSENBERGER 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(1):123-135
Abstract Development programmes in Sahelian Africa are beginning to use geographic information system (GIS) technology. One of the GIS and remote sensing programmes introduced to the region in the late 1980s was the use of seasonal vegetation maps made from satellite data to support grasshopper and locust control. Following serious outbreaks of these pests in 1987, the programme addressed a critical need, by national and international crop protection organizations, to monitor site-specific dynamic vegetation conditions associated with grasshopper and locust breeding. The primary products used in assessing vegetation conditions were vegetation index (greenness) image maps derived from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellite imagery. Vegetation index data were integrated in a GIS with digital cartographic data of individual Sahelian countries. These near-real-time image maps were used regularly in 10 countries for locating potential grasshopper and locust habitats. The programme to monitor vegetation conditions is currently being institutionalized in the Sahel. 相似文献
8.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(4):265-270
The development of new technology for use in environmental research provides us with numerous sophisticated tools such as remote sensing and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). However, throughout recent decades there have been debates regarding the appropriate use of these tools. The question still remains as to whether they can strengthen environmental research, or whether perhaps more conventional methods are better suited? This paper focuses on the use of remote sensing in environmental applications, such as strategic or regional environmental assessments. By providing a case study from Sri Lanka, it is shown how the benefits from a visual interpretation of satellite imagery can be combined with a digital supervised classification in a hybrid approach. The use of these techniques in environmental assessments is further discussed in the light of 'best practicable science' as proposed by the International Association of Impact Assessment (IAIA). The intention is not to discourage the use of digital techniques, but to discuss how they should be utilized to their fullest extent. The approach argued for here provides data of a more general and possibly integrative nature. It may therefore be well suited for the early screening and scoping stages of environmental assessments at a landscape level. 相似文献
9.
This paper brought out a new idea on the retrieval of suspended sediment concentration, which uses both the water-leaving radiance from remote sensing data and the grain size of the suspended sediment. A principal component model and a neural network model based on those two parameters were constructed. The analyzing results indicate that testing errors of the models using the two parameters are 0.256 and 0.244, while the errors using only water-leaving radiance are 0,384 and 0.390. The stability of the models with grain size parameter is also better than the one without grain size. This research proved that it is necessary to introduce the grain size parameter into suspended sediment concentration retrieval models in order to improve the retrieval precision of these models. 相似文献
10.
珠江三角洲土地覆盖变化对地表温度的影响 总被引：35，自引：0，他引：35
由于经济的快速增长,1978年以来的25年中,珠江三角洲地区的土地覆盖变化,特别是城市扩展速度非常之快。通过把遥感和地理信息系统相结合,研究了土地覆盖变化及城市增长状况,并且评估了城市增长对地表温度的影响。利用陆地卫星多时段数据监测了土地利用和土地覆盖变化;通过陆地卫星热红外单波段反演了地表温度,研究了土地覆盖变化特别是城市增长对地表温度的影响。结果发现,珠江三角洲地区土地覆盖变化明显,城市增长显著且不平衡。城市的发展使城市化地区的地表温度提高了8.9K。研究表明,遥感和地理信息系统的结合,在监测和分析土地覆盖变化,特别是城市增长状况以及评估城市化对地表温度的影响方面,是十分有效的。 相似文献
11.
Nicholas M. Short Jr Leonard Dickens 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(1):47-52
Abstract Abstract. The growth of the remote sensing field has caused and explosion in the size and complexity of Earth satellite image databases. The explosion of data is already challenging current satellite-based GIS databases. New technologies for information management will be required in the future to maintain these large geographically-oriented systems created by projects such as NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS). This paper presents a technology adapted from the planning/scheduling field in Artificial Intelligence (AI) that promises to automate and facilitate the process of creating and storing satellite images and their associated data products. 相似文献
12.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(3):171-176
Abstract This article is an introduction to remote sensing. It provides the novice with a definition of remote sensing, information about some remote sensing products, data that can be obtained from remote sensing images, what can be done with images, ideas to integrate remote sensing with other subjects, a sample unit using images, and a list of associate areas related to remote sensing. The article also contains information for obtaining remote sensing materials and information and considers values concerns relating to remote sensing. 相似文献
13.
NIGEL J. BROWN DAVID A. NORRIS 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):153-160
Abstract The Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE) Digital Cartographic Service provides a range of services to the scientists of ITE (and others) including various techniques within the field of geographical information systems (GIS). This paper discusses work of this type as it is applied to specific ITE projects. The emphasis is very much on GIS applications to ‘real ecological science’ such as the ‘acid water’ problem and the change of forest areas into heathland. Some comments are made on fundamental GIS techniques, their use and limitations. At ITE, GIS applications are growing out of an existing use of digital mapping and remote sensing technologies; they have not purchased a GIS system ‘off the shelf.’ 相似文献
14.
PRITHVISH NAG 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):181-187
Abstract Attempts have been made by different organizations in India to organize data in order to develop a suitable information system. These attempts were oriented towards specific uses, such as natural resources, data management, thematic mapping and the like. In some attempts software has been developed for some specific purpose. It is not an easy task to develop an information system for a country such as India. Its extent in latitude and longitude is well above average. There are federal and state agencies for the collection of data and the preparation of maps. The geographical information concerning India is available from the following sources: the administrative areas of states, union territories, districts, sub-districts and villages; survey sheets; remote sensing images; aerial photographs; and thematic base maps of the National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation. There are other map series available which have been used for socio-economic mapping. By the end of 1987 the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite will be launched and then remotely-sensed data will be readily available. Considering the geographical bases available in the country, five levels can be identified for developing an information system for India. Some of the thematic maps at 1:1000 000 scale can be used for initiating such a geographical information system. 相似文献
15.
信息高速公路与地理信息系统──综述地理科学的信息革命 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
国家信息基础设施(NII)是一个能为全球广大用户提供大量信息及信息服务的计算机网络系统,其雏形Internet已连接了全球150多个国家和地区,并提供了诸如新闻广告、电子邮件、远程对话等一系列服务.中国也已经以“金桥工程”为起步开始实施中国国家信息基础设施计划.国家空间数据基础设施作为其组成部分之一,其核心是WebGIS的建设以及地理空间数据的标准与规范化.同时信息高速公路建设为GIS的发展也创造了新的条件,促进了WebGIS等的发展,改变了GIS集成方式,拓宽了GIS应用领域,并将推动地理科学的信息革命. 相似文献
16.
An overview of scale, pattern, process relationships in geomorphology: a remote sensing and GIS perspective 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Satellite remote sensing and geographic information systems are emerging technologies in geomorphology. They offer the opportunity to gain fresh insights into biophysical systems through the spatial, temporal, spectral, and radiometric resolutions of remote sensing systems and through the analytical and data integration capability of GIS. The two technologies can be linked together into a synergistic system that is particularly well suited to the examination of landscape conditions through the interrelationships of scale, pattern, and process, a paradigm that has gained prominence in the fields of biogeography and landscape ecology. In this study, we apply optical and microwave remote sensing systems and GIS methodologies to case studies framed within the fluvial and alpine environments. We use the scale, pattern, and process paradigm to explore landscape relationships in those environments. Satellite image processing, change-detection analyses, digital elevation models, GIS-derived geomorphic indices and variables, composition and pattern metrics of landscape organization, and scale-dependent analyses are described and related to the study of river channel abandonment and the alpine treeline ecotone. We describe appropriate remote sensing and GIS techniques for geomorphic research, and demonstrate the use of such techniques in the application of the scale, pattern, and processes perspective in geomorphic studies. 相似文献
17.
以中国科学引文数据库（CSCD）为数据源,采用文献计量分析方法,对1989 ～2013年发表的11 189篇地理信息系统（GIS）领域的研究论文进行统计,分别从发文年度、作者、机构、期刊、 相似文献
18.
CHEN SHUPENG 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):219-228
Abstract Abstract Chinese governments have long paid a great deal of attention to the collection of geodata, and existing sources have been further enhanced by technological advances, notably in remote sensing. Progress has also been made with automated cartography. An expert working group has been examining GIS and it is recognized that a system combining both national and regional components is most appropriate for China. Three basic functions are envisaged for such GIS: comprehensive regional analysis, prediction of change and the sharing of data. Such systems must serve the needs of users and, in order to demonstrate potential applications, regional experiments are being undertaken, including examples of urban information systems, river basin information systems and specialized systems (e.g. for tourist and forest resources). In the next few years, the emphasis will be on research and on technological preparation for the adoption of GIS, including the use of an experimental set of geographical grid cells. Chinese scholars are also involved in international collaboration in the study of global problems and propose a cooperative programme for a global geographical information system. 相似文献
19.
基于Web Geocoding的三维GIS快速定位方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
三维GIS技术已经逐渐发展成熟,其对客观世界的表达能给人以更真实的感受,然而三维GIS软件所需数据是海量的。由于遥感技术的发展,纹理数据的获取和处理已经变得容易和快速,而对于矢量数据的采集、存储是一个非常艰巨的工作,如何在短期内获取海量、精确的矢量地理信息数据,减少数据采集的费用和时间成了一大难题。通过基于网络的地理编码来查询获取矢量点状地理信息,将地理信息存储到本地数据库,并且将数据应用到系统中进行快速定位显示,实现地理位置的实时定位和查询,为各种专题三维GIS软件开发提供服务和扩展功能。 相似文献
20.
Ayse Can 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(6):561-572
Abstract This paper offers a teaching strategy for incorporating TIGER/Line files into introductory GIS courses where IDRISI and OSUMAP are the primary software packages. TIGER/Line files present a valuable database for teaching GIS. The TIGER data structure aids in teaching concepts related to topological data structures, geocoding and address matching, and the files themselves provide an excellent database for laboratory exercises that incorporate census information along with environmental and natural resource data. Lack of support by commonly-used educational software packages to import TIGER/Line files directly has been a serious impediment in an instructional context. This paper presents software developed to convert TIGER/Line files into simple polygon vector files acceptable by IDRISI and OSUMAP for three alternative census geographic units (tracts, block groups and blocks). The resulting vector files are plotted for visual examination and graphical output. The vector files generated can also be imported into other GIS or computer mapping software packages. 相似文献