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1.
四川盆地三叠系杂卤石有很大一部分产于硬石膏层中,与硬石膏互层。在许多杂卤石产出层位,缺失钾镁盐甚至石盐等易溶盐类。上述现象用已有的研究资料难以解释。本文通过100多个实验点的平衡实验,研究了35℃ K—Na—Mg—Ca—SO4—Cl—H2O六元海水体系中,NaCl及K、Mg盐均不饱和条件下杂卤石形成的可能性。与饱和溶液相比,不饱和溶液中杂卤石稳定区收缩。但在饱和溶液被稀释将近1倍时,杂卤石仍有一定的稳定范围。 在实验研究的基础上分析了四川盆地三叠系含杂卤石剖面的成因。由于成盐期卤水频繁地被淡化,形成“石膏——石盐+钾镁盐——石膏”沉积韵律。成岩作用中盐层遭受来自石膏层的水的溶滤。在石膏层较厚,盐层较薄的层段,石盐和钾镁盐可被全部溶掉,形成对NaCl及K、Mg盐均不饱和的液体。当这种对易溶盐类不饱和的液体进入膏层,部分K、Mg组分就能与CaSO4结合生成杂卤石被保留下来,形成现在所看到的“硬石膏一杂卤石——硬石膏”剖面。 相似文献
2.
四川盆地三叠系杂卤石的时空分布、显微特征及成因研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四川盆地是我国重要的成盐聚钾盆地,三叠系嘉陵江组、雷口坡组发育大量的杂卤石,具分布广泛、层数多、累计厚度大的特点。前人对杂卤石的微观结构及成因机制研究较少,影响了四川盆地杂卤石钾盐资源的勘查及深部化学开采。本次研究通过野外调查,结合薄片、电子探针、定量光谱分析及蒸发试验等方法,开展杂卤石的微观组构特征及成因机制研究。研究发现四川盆地杂卤石的分布与盐岩分布并不一致,杂卤石主要分布在广安—武胜、邛崃—浦江、长寿—垫江地区,四川盆地以发育“硬石膏—岩盐—杂卤石—岩盐—硬石膏”、“硬石膏—杂卤石—硬石膏”两种成钾序列为主,微观形态以 ① 呈块状、片状、集合体状、不规则粒状与石盐、硬石膏共生;② 呈放射状、纤维状、花瓣状与硬石膏共生;③ 呈星点状、碎片状、港湾状与硬石膏共生三种为主。研究认为杂卤石主要有原生沉积及后生交代两种成因,“硬石膏—岩盐—杂卤石—岩盐—硬石膏”型的杂卤石应为从饱和含钾卤水中直接析出,“硬石膏—杂卤石—硬石膏”型杂卤石为交代成因,杂卤石交代硬石膏,具明显的交代残余结构,钾石膏可能作为交代过程的中间产物。盐类矿物在沉积成岩—埋藏变形变质—差异隆升改造等漫长的过程中会出现溶解、交代、重结晶等改造和重塑,形成现今四川盆地含盐剖面的组合特征。 相似文献
3.
从四川盆地盐类变质资料看找钾方向 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四川盆地三叠系盐类在地史经历中，经受强烈的热融和水溶变质作用，使盐类沉积原始面貌发生深刻变化。（钾组分转入液相，形成液态钾盐—富钾卤水）现剖面所见硬石膏、杂卤石、硫镁矾、无水钾镁矾等多系热融和水溶变质产物。面对这一现实，理顺和拓宽四川找钾思路，勘查开发液态钾盐，是四川找钾的新方向。 相似文献
4.
论四川盆地三叠系盐类变质作用及找钾方向 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
四川盆地三叠系盐类在地质历史时期中经受强烈的热融、水溶变质作用及叠加影响，已使原始盐类沉积发生深刻变化。现剖面上所见硬石膏、杂卤石、多钙钾石膏和无水钾镁矾等矿物多系热融、水溶变质产物。由此导致固体钾矿的溶滤破坏，钾组分转入液相，形成液态钾矿（富钾卤水）。面对这一现实，理顺和拓宽四川找钾思路，开辟液态钾矿的找矿工作，是四川找钾工作至为重要的找钾新方向。 相似文献
5.
根据物质组分、盐矿物种类、剖面结构和厚度将含盐系划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级韵律,分别描述了各级韵律的剖面特征,也讨论了其形成机理。本文着重将Ⅲ级韵律分为钠镁盐-钾镁盐型、杂卤石-钠镁盐型、钙芒硝-杂卤石型、石盐-钙芒硝型、硬石膏-石盐型和硬石膏型;并按上述各型在剖面中的不同组合从下向上划分为Ⅱ_1—Ⅱ_44个韵律,归纳了Ⅱ级韵律中剖面结构类型所指示的卤水演化的共同特征和沉积阶段。正是这种沉积阶段性,既滞留了卤水浓缩期的 K~+,也聚积了淡化期补给的 K~+,为钾矿层的形成提供了 K~+来源。本文还指出,赋存钾矿层的Ⅰ级韵律的盐亚段上部,应是我国东部中、新生代类似凹陷中找钾目的层段。 相似文献
6.
广安构造作为四川盆地重要的隐伏含钾构造之一,下—中三叠统雷口坡组—嘉陵江组杂卤石广泛发育。前人对杂卤石的找钾启示研究较少,杂卤石是否是易溶性钾盐的找矿标志尚无定论。本文通过野外调查、老井复查,结合广安构造ZK1井测录井、岩心样品测试等资料开展杂卤石地质条件及找钾启示研究,以期为广安地区下一步钾盐勘探开发提供参考。ZK1井钻遇杂卤石矿（化）层6层,单层厚度最大为7.03 m,累计厚度可达11.21 m。杂卤石主要呈块状、浸染状与硬石膏共生,少量条带状、簇状、星点状。镜下可见杂卤石呈板状、纤维状、它形粒状、放射状、团块状等。含钾剖面序列为“硬石膏—杂卤石—硬石膏”,KCl最高品位22.9%,平均品位14.57%,石盐层不发育。研究认为ZK1井杂卤石以后生交代成因为主,少量原生成因。在靠近盐湖中心区域,硬石膏层相对较薄的凹陷地段,很可能是易溶性钾盐的找矿突破点。 相似文献
7.
川东盆地长寿地区三叠系杂卤石的发现及其成因研究 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
笔者先后2次对川东盆地盐矿实地考察,并系统采集了样品。水溶化学分析结果表明,长寿地区T1j4-2地层中岩盐w(K+)较高,最高可达3.25%,明显高于其他盐矿点(合川盐矿、云阳盐矿及万州高峰盐矿)。岩盐Br-含量也较高;Br×103/Cl值相对较高,一般为0.26~0.36,最大可达0.41,已达到晚期石盐沉积,甚至是钾镁盐早期沉积阶段。而后又对K+含量较高的样品(不含KCl)进行配矿分析,同时结合岩矿鉴定及XRD分析验证,首次发现和确定长平3井的主要含钾矿物为杂卤石,样品中不含钾石盐(KCl)。通过对样品薄片镜下观察,杂卤石为自形-半自形的板状和柱状及叶片状形态,结合杂卤石与石盐的接触关系及Br×103/Cl值分析,认为长平3井杂卤石为原生沉积成因,而非如前人所认为的四川盆地其他地区的杂卤石成因——后期含钾镁较高的热卤水交代硬石膏而形成。这一认识对该区寻找可溶性钾盐具有一定的启示作用。 相似文献
8.
川东北宣汉地区新型杂卤石钾盐矿的地球化学特征及其意义 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
新型杂卤石钾盐矿分布于川东北宣汉地区早-中三叠世蒸发岩层中,以杂卤石碎屑不均匀的分布于石盐层为特征。笔者对HC3井新型杂卤石钾盐矿段进行连续取样,并进行水溶化学实验,根据其可溶部分的主量、微量元素特征发现:①溶液中的(K+Mg)/Ca值平均为1.24,略小于杂卤石中的(K+Mg)/Ca值(1.27),整体损失率为2.36%,远小于CaSO4组分在杂卤石中的含量(48%),表明杂卤石在石盐基质溶解形成的NaCl溶液中有较好的溶解度,有利于溶采;②Br×103/Cl值分布在0.16～0.44,显示新型杂卤石钾盐矿的蒸发阶段位于正常石盐阶段内,整体较高,蒸发阶段稳定无剧烈波动,仅顶部出现快速淡化,结合前人对杂卤石的成因研究,笔者认为石盐层不具备形成杂卤石的条件,杂卤石碎屑是一种"外来物";③含硬石膏碎屑中,(K+Mg)/Ca值随着Br×103/Cl值的增加而增高,表明碎屑中的杂卤石的含量随成盐卤水浓缩程度的升高而增加。 相似文献
9.
刚果(布)西南部布谷马西地区属于热带雨林气候,拥有非洲大陆西部边缘重要的白垩纪钾盐矿床,属于典型的裂谷成钾盆地。经矿物学研究表明,主要的蒸发岩矿物类型为石盐、光卤石、钾石盐、水氯镁石、溢晶石、石膏、硬石膏等。蒸发岩矿物沉积序列为石膏、硬石膏(多数旋回缺失)→石盐→光卤石→钾石盐(次生)→溢晶石或水氯镁石。通过蒸发岩矿物沉积特征和微量元素的分析认为,在白垩纪时期布谷马西地区处于长期的高温干旱环境,有利于卤水蒸发、浓缩而形成盐类矿物沉积。 相似文献
10.
刚果(布)布谷马西钾盐矿床盐类矿物特征与成因研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
刚果(布)布谷马西钾盐矿床位于非洲大陆西部边缘,是白垩纪时期沉积的大型钾盐矿床。文章运用X射线衍射、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜和岩石地球化学等方法,识别出布谷马西钾盐矿的主要盐类矿物有硬石膏、石盐、光卤石、钾石盐、水氯镁石和溢晶石。盐类矿物的沉积顺序为:硬石膏→石盐→光卤石→钾石盐→水氯镁石或溢晶石。该矿区的成盐物质主要来源于海水,盐类沉积物中贫碳酸盐和硫酸盐矿物,可能与白垩纪"方解石海"的海水成分密切相关。矿区中的钾石盐主要是由光卤石淋滤形成。 相似文献
11.
Ralf E. Krupp 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(17):4283-4299
The evolution of magnesium chloride brines with high bromide contents via a multistage reaction and dissolution process has been studied in brine seeps of a German potash mine. The observed chemical trends and phase equilibria can be modeled and interpreted in terms of a NaCl solution (cap rock brine) infiltrating into a potash zone characterized by the metamorphic mineral assemblage kieserite + sylvite + halite + anhydrite. Establishment of a persistent, stable equilibrium assemblage and constant fluid composition in the invariant point IP1 of the six component (Na-K-Mg-Ca-Cl-SO4-H2O) system of oceanic salts is prevented by the perpetually renewed input of NaCl-brine and by the intermittent exposure of incompatible kieserite. Instead, the solutions develop towards the metastable invariant point IP1(gy), with the mineral assemblage carnallite + polyhalite + sylvite + halite + gypsum, where gypsum takes the place of anhydrite (stage I). The temporary exposure of kieserite and the ensuing formation of polyhalite effectively buffer the solutions along the metastable polyhalite phase boundary during stages II and III. Eventually, in stage IV, polyhalite becomes depleted and admixture of more NaCl brine leads to low sulfate solution compositions, which are now only constrained by carnallite + sylvite + halite, and the once hexary system degenerates to a quaternary one (Na-K-Mg-Cl-H2O) in point E. Bromide in brines shows equilibrium partitioning with respect to the wall rock minerals. The pattern of evolving brine compositions may serve as a model for similar brine occurrences, which in some cases may have been misinterpreted as remains of fossil, highly concentrated and chemically modified seawater. Similar magnesium chloride brines of salt lakes (e.g., Dead Sea, Dabusun Lake) show subtle differences and are constrained by fewer mineral equilibria (more degrees of freedom), and their low sulfate contents are due to gypsum precipitation, driven by calcium chloride input from dolomitization reactions. Finally, the observed reaction sequence is generalized, and a model for the formation of magnesium sulfate depleted, chloride-type potash salts and bischofite deposits by leaching of sulfate-type evaporites is proposed. 相似文献
12.
Origin of polyhalite deposits in the Zechstein (Upper Permian) Zdrada platform (northern Poland) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Polyhalite deposits in the Zechstein (Upper Permian) of northern Poland occur in the Lower Werra Anhydrite. In the Zdrada Sulphate Platform, the polyhalite appears to be a very early replacement of anhydrite. The replacement was caused by the halite-precipitating brines which contained potassium and magnesium ions. The formation of polyhalite was preceded by the syndepositional anhydritization of the original gypsum deposit which has often preserved its primary textures. This anhydritization on the platform and its slopes was a reaction of the precipitated gypsum in a hydrologically open evaporite basin, with brines of salt basins adjacent to the sulphate platform. These brines, when nearly saturated with respect to halite, and potassium and magnesium rich, reacted with anhydrite to precipitate polyhalite along the slopes of the Zdrada Platform. The oxygen and sulphur isotopic compositions of sulphate evaporites indicate that marine solutions were the only source of sulphate ions supplied to the Zechstein basin, and that anhydrite was transformed to polyhalite by reaction with marine brines more concentrated than those that precipitated precursor calcium sulphate minerals. 相似文献
13.
四川渠县三叠系膏盐的同生、成岩、后生及表生变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文论述了四川渠县三叠系的膏盐在沉积后的不同阶段所发生的各种变化,并提出根据膏盐的变化特征推测它们的原生沉积条件、卤水咸化程度及研究区的矿床保存条件。 相似文献
14.
研究海水体系(即Na+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+∥Cl-,$SO_{4}^{2-}$-H2O六元体系)中杂卤石的形成条件不仅有助于理解海相蒸发盐成因,对开发杂卤石钾资源利用技术也具有重要的指导作用。但杂卤石以及其他含有硫酸钙矿物(如二水石膏、半水石膏、无水石膏、钾石膏、多钙钾石膏、钙芒硝和水钙芒硝)的相平衡,无论是在实验研究方面还是在热力学模拟方面都仍然存在很多争议。由于缺乏杂卤石在复杂水溶液体系中可靠的相平衡数据,使人们对认识杂卤石成因和利用杂卤石钾资源带来巨大障碍。本工作对海水体系中杂卤石的形成条件进行了热力学模拟和实验研究。超过一年的长时间固液平衡实验表明25 ℃下Na+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+∥Cl-,$SO_{4}^{2-}$-H2O六元体系中杂卤石的形成区域极为可观,且较前人实验结果均大数倍;同时证实了热力学模型预测结果的可靠性。这些结果为讨论盐矿床中杂卤石的形成条件提供了物理化学依据。25 ℃下可靠的热力学信息表明:杂卤石与其他盐类矿物的共生情况丰富多样,并且与前人看法不同,杂卤石的形成并不需要极高的钾、镁浓度。这给以杂卤石为指示寻找可溶性固体钾盐带来了挑战,但却指示了以杂卤石为线索更容易找到钾、镁盐未饱和的富钾卤水。 相似文献
15.
Jun Li 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(15):4351-4376
A thermodynamic model is developed for the calculation of both phase and speciation equilibrium in the H2O-CO2-NaCl-CaCO3-CaSO4 system from 0 to 250 °C, and from 1 to 1000 bar with NaCl concentrations up to the saturation of halite. The vapor-liquid-solid (calcite, gypsum, anhydrite and halite) equilibrium together with the chemical equilibrium of H+,Na+,Ca2+, , , and CaSO4(aq) in the aqueous liquid phase as a function of temperature, pressure and salt concentrations can be calculated with accuracy close to the experimental results.Based on this model validated from experimental data, it can be seen that temperature, pressure and salinity all have significant effects on pH, alkalinity and speciations of aqueous solutions and on the solubility of calcite, halite, anhydrite and gypsum. The solubility of anhydrite and gypsum will decrease as temperature increases (e.g. the solubility will decrease by 90% from 360 K to 460 K). The increase of pressure may increase the solubility of sulphate minerals (e.g. gypsum solubility increases by about 20-40% from vapor pressure to 600 bar). Addition of NaCl to the solution may increase mineral solubility up to about 3 molality of NaCl, adding more NaCl beyond that may slightly decrease its solubility. Dissolved CO2 in solution may decrease the solubility of minerals. The influence of dissolved calcite on the solubility of gypsum and anhydrite can be ignored, but dissolved gypsum or anhydrite has a big influence on the calcite solubility. Online calculation is made available on www.geochem-model.org/model. 相似文献
16.
为研究降水补给地下水过程中包气带岩土对水化学的影响,在沂源地区采集了不同地表岩土样品开展淋溶和浸泡试验。淋溶结果显示:易溶的Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)、CO_3~(2-)、NO_2~-、NO_3~-等阴离子率先溶解进入淋溶水中,之后K~+,Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),Fe等含量逐渐增加,且淋溶初期p H值呈碱性,之后向中性过渡。浸泡结果显示:不同类型岩土样经过浸泡5min后,其水化学组分发生了显著变化;随浸泡时间增加,K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、HCO_3~-及含盐量均出现不同程度增加,但Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)在不同类型岩土中含量变化则是不同的。由此推测,降水转入地下水过程中,透过地表浅层包气带时就已经淋溶了大量物质,水化学性质发生了重大变化。 相似文献
17.
Jacob Kushnir 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1982,46(3):433-446
The coprecipitation of Sr, Mg, Na and K with anhydrite during the dehydration of gypsum was studied in laboratory experiments. The partition coefficients of Mg and Sr between anhydrite and solution decrease with increasing temperature. The partition coefficients of the alkali-ions do not depend upon temperature, but are affected by the brine composition.The mechanism of the phase transformation gypsum → anhydrite occurs via dissolution and precipitation, when the coprecipitated-ions are repartitioned between the new phase and the solution. The partition coefficients established in this study are applicable also for primary anhydrite.During the dehydration of gypsum at elevated temperatures metastable bassanite may form as an intermediate stage. The amount of cations coprecipitated with bassanite is much larger than the amount coprecipitated with anhydrite or gypsum. This phenomenon may have an influence on the partitioning of cations during the dehydration of gypsum, particularly on Sr.The partition coefficients of seawater cations between anhydrite and the brine are similar to those between gypsum and the brine. For this reason the coprecipitated-ions are not expected to be good indicators to distinguish between primary and secondary calcium sulfate minerals.The temperature effect on the coprecipitation of Mg and Sr with anhydrite makes these ions possible indicators for the temperature at which the phase transformation occurred. This temperature corresponds to the depth of burial of the gypsum at the stage of dehydration.The coprecipitation of seawater cations with anhydrite in the natural environment was studied in two systems: A small Pleistocene evaporite lens from the Sinai Peninsula and the Triassic anhydrite of the Mohilla Formation, Israel. The coprecipitated-ion composition of these samples was used to derive the conditions under which the anhydrite was formed. 相似文献
18.
新疆巴里坤盐湖是一个常年性固、液并存的硫酸盐型盐湖。盐湖卤水中含Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋、Ｃａ２＋、Ｃｌ－、ＳＯ２－４、ＨＣＯ－３、ＣＯ２－３等主要成分，沉积物中有芒硝、无水芒硝、石膏、水钙芒硝、半水石膏、石盐等盐类矿物及碳酸盐和泥质矿物。盐湖中有大量卤虫及卤虫卵自湖中心向湖岸呈环带状分布，在成盐过程中起着重要作用。盐湖形成于第三纪，第四纪以来，曾经历２次成岩期，约自１７ｋａＢ．Ｐ．湖水多次蒸发浓缩，成岩作用加强，形成芒硝等矿产 相似文献
19.
钾盐主要用于农业中钾肥的生产,中国是钾盐消费和进口大国,但中国钾资源少、产量低,因此钾盐勘探对中国粮食安全有重要意义。四川盆地是中国找钾的重要区域,文章运用岩芯样品、测井等资料,通过X射线粉晶衍射、元素含量测试等实验对宣达地区中、下三叠统嘉陵江组-雷口坡组含盐系典型矿物特征及岩石测井响应特征进行分析,并基于测井解释方法原理对杂卤石进行识别。结果表明,研究区钾盐矿物包括氯化盐矿物、硫酸盐矿物、碳酸盐矿物3类,固态钾盐矿物主要为杂卤石,常与石盐、硬石膏共存,具有高电阻率、高密度、高伽马、高K的特征,主要分布于T1j4-2、T1j5-2层段。 相似文献
20.
B. C. Biehl L. Reuning F. Strozyk P. A. Kukla 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,103(3):697-712
From salt mine galleries and well data it is known that thick rock salt layers can contain anhydrite and carbonate layers with thicknesses on the millimetre to tens of metre scale. The relatively thick Zechstein 3 anhydrite–carbonate layer in the northern Netherlands has been studied previously using 3-D seismic data. Observations from geophysical well logs in this study reveal the presence of thin sulphate layers on the sub-seismic scale imbedded in the Zechstein 2 (Z2) salt. Core samples, thin sections, seismic data and geochemical measurements were used to determine the mineralogy and origin of one of these Z2 sulphate layers. Bromine analyses show that they mark a freshening event in the Z2 salt, which can be correlated over large distances in the northern Netherlands. Their core-calibrated log signature indicates that the Z2 sulphate layers consist either of pure anhydrite or of anhydrite and polyhalite. The mineralogy and thickness of the sulphate layers are interpreted to vary between synsedimentary morphologic lows (thin anhydrite–polyhalite couplets) and highs (thicker anhydrite layers). Such a combination of core observations and well log analysis is a powerful tool to detect lateral trends in evaporite mineralogy and to reconstruct the environmental setting of their formation. Salt internal geometries can further be used to distinguish between different deformation mechanisms. In our study area, the distribution of sulphate layers within the Z2 salt indicates that subjacent salt dissolution was not the dominant process leading to salt-related deformation. 相似文献