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The complex burial and diagenetic histories of the Jurassic Fulmar and Triassic Skagerrak sandstones in the UK Central North Sea present significant challenges with regard to reservoir quality and rock property prediction. Commercial reservoir quality is retained despite deep burial and associated high temperatures and pressures. Shallow marine Fulmar sands are normally compacted (mean IGV = 26 ± 3%) yet have porosities of 21–33%. Porosity was preserved through inhibition of quartz cementation by clay and microquartz coatings, and enhanced by dissolution of framework grains (∼5%). Skagerrak fluvial sands are more compacted (mean IGV = 23 ± 2%), exhibit minor feldspar dissolution (<1%), and have porosities of 16–27%. Quartz cement averages only 2 ± 1.5% due to robust chlorite coats that cover 80% (±13%) of quartz surfaces.We modeled reservoir quality evolution using the forward diagenetic model Touchstone, which simulates porosity loss due to compaction and quartz cementation. Quantitative petrographic analyses and burial history data were used to calibrate Touchstone model parameters. The results were applied to deeper prospects for pre-drill prediction of porosity and permeability. In parallel, petrophysical data were used to characterize the elastic properties of the sandstones to provide a basis for quantitative seismic forward modeling. Experimental data and core-calibrated petrophysical results, reflecting variable in situ fluids and saturations, were used to build an elastic properties model. The model is robust and was used to generate fluid-filled sandstone properties, incorporating Touchstone results, for prospect-specific seismic attribute modeling. Well results from exploration wells are in good agreement with pre-drill Touchstone and elastic properties model predictions. 相似文献
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A numerical study using coupled models was performed to investigate the Tramandaí beach oil spill. The hydrodynamic three-dimensional TELEMAC3D and the ECOS model, an oil model being developed at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, were coupled and used to carry out a simulation of the oil spill event that occurred on the January 26, 2012 along the Tramandaí coast in the Southern Brazilian shelf. Oil drift results indicate that the oil reaches the coastline after 10 h. The final position, the extension of the spill and the time required for the oil to reach the coastline are corroborated by the observations based on the Brazilian environmental agency report. The winds and currents are the major physical forcing controlling the oil behavior and the final destination. The weathering properties of the oil indicate the formation of an emulsion with a water content of 69% and an increase of 45 kgm−3 in oil density due to the incorporation of water in the emulsification process and mass loss via evaporation. The final oil mass balance indicates that nearly 15% of the oil mass is lost due to evaporation. 相似文献
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Kenneth J. Xu Martin D. Liu Buddhima Indraratna 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(6):722-734
In this paper, a comprehensive study on simulating the shearing behavior of frictional materials is performed. A set of two explicit equations, describing the relationship among the shear stress ratio and the distortional strain and the volumetric strain, are formulated independently. The equations contain three stress parameters and three strain parameters and another parameter representing the nonuniformity of stress and strain during softening. All the parameters have clear physical significance and can be determined experimentally. It is demonstrated that the proposed equations have the capacity of simulating the complicated shearing behavior of many types of frictional materials including geomaterials. The proposed equations are used to simulate the stress–strain behavior for 27 frictional materials with 98 tests. These materials include soft and stiff clays in both reconstituted and structured states, silicon sands and calcareous sands, silts, compacted fill materials, volcanic soils, decomposed granite soils, cemented soils (both artificially and naturally cemented), partially saturated soils, ballast, rocks, reinforced soils, tire chips, sugar, wheat, and rapeseed. It has been demonstrated that the proposed explicit constitutive equations have the capacity to capture accurately the shearing behavior of frictional materials both qualitatively and quantitatively. A study on model parameters has been performed. 相似文献
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By means of physicochemical modeling with the Selector software package, a model for the mixing of riverine water (pH = 7.02) and seawater was compiled and calculated. The Razdol’naya River-Amur Bay (Sea of Japan) system was assessed as an example. By means of the MINTEQA2/PRODEFA2 software package, the role of the sorption processes in riverine and marine waters, as well as in the zone of their mixing, was ascertained. The physicochemical migration forms of microelements (arsenic, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, and mercury) in the waters of the geochemical system considered and their behavior in passing through the geochemical barrier were established. 相似文献
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Molecular analysis of cyanobacterial mat communities indicated that cyanobacteria, ammonia-oxidizing Archaea (AOA), and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) coexist in those systems, competing for ammonium; this situation would imply competitive exclusion. We attempted to model how ammonia utilization niche partitioning occurs, and how ammonium levels can influence the interaction between those groups in a one-dimensional diffusionlimited system using Michaelis-Menten kinetics to describe ammonium consumption by each of those three groups. In our model, AOAs were able to dominate ammonium uptake by the community under most circumstances, except for unrealistically high (millimolar) levels of ammonium, where AOBs gained advantage. Cyanobacteria were unable to effectively compete for ammonium with either AOBs or AOAs throughout the mat at all ammonium concentrations and cell counts, suggesting that the presence of AOAs or AOBs forces cyanobacteria into nitrogen fixation mode. Such interaction can make cyanobacterial mats a net nitrogen source, as well as provide a carbon-independent energy transfer pathway from primary producers to the rest of the ecosystem. 相似文献
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Stomatopods are better known as mantis shrimp with considerable ecological importance in wide coastal waters globally. Some stomatopod species are exploited commercially, including Oratosquilla oratoria in the Northwest Pacific. Yet, few studies have published to promote accurate habitat identification of stomatopods, obstructing scientific management and conservation of these valuable organisms. This study provides an ensemble modeling framework for habitat suitability modeling of stomatopods, ... 相似文献
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Numerical modeling of wind and waves for Typhoon Betty (8710) 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
Ｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌ ｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇ ｏｆ ｗｉｎｄ ａｎｄ ｗａｖｅｓ ｆｏｒ ＴｙｐｈｏｏｎＢｅｔｔｙ（８７１０）TXＮｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇｏｆｗｉｎｄａｎｄｗａｖｅｓｆｏｒＴｙｐｈｏｏｎＢｅｔｔｙ（８７１０）ＹｕＷｅｉｄｏｎｇ，Ｑｉａ... 相似文献
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Numerical modeling on the interaction of internal solitary wave with slope-shelf and modal analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
On the basis of a nonhydrostatic numerical model,the interaction of internal solitary wave with slope-shelf was studied.The breaking and polarity transformation were analyzed.A "kink" structure,due to shoaling topography and higher nonlinear effect,was found to be generated by the leading wave before breaking.Coherent vortex shedding behind the leading wave was presented.The evolution characteristics of the modal structure were analyzed based on the empirical orthogonal function method.The modal structure was complicated due to the effect of the variable topography,especially when breaking occurred.In the performed experiments,the contributions to the total variance from higher mode jumped from no more than 20% to over 40%. 相似文献
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Tropical cyclone ocean–wave model interactions are examined using an ESMF – (Earth System Modeling Framework) based tropical cyclone (TC) version of the Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS®1). This study investigates Hurricane Ivan, which traversed the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) in September 2004. Several oceanic and wave observational data sets, including Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) buoys, satellite altimeter data, and Scanning Radar Altimeter (SRA) data, allow for a unique analysis of the coupled atmosphere, ocean (Navy Coastal Ocean Model, NCOM), and wave (Simulating WAves Nearshore, SWAN) models in COAMPS-TC. To determine the feasibility of coupling NCOM to SWAN in high-wind conditions during Hurricane Ivan, near-surface currents in NCOM were first compared to near-surface ADCP observations. Recent modifications to SWAN, including new wind-to-wave energy input and wave-breaking energy dissipation source functions, as well as a new ocean surface drag coefficient formulation appropriate for high-wind conditions, significantly improved the forecast wave field properties, such as significant wave height (SWH), in TC conditions. Further results show that the ocean-to-wave model coupling, which allows for the strong, hurricane-induced, surface currents in NCOM to interact with SWAN, provided additional improvements to the forecast SWH field. Additionally, wave-to-ocean model coupling, which included the input of the Stokes Drift Current (SDC) calculated from the SWAN wave spectra to NCOM, is examined. The models indicate that the SDC was on the order of 10–25% of the near-surface Eulerian current during Ivan. Recent studies of the importance of the SDC and the resulting Langmuir turbulence on vertical ocean mixing in TCs is also discussed. 相似文献
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Friedemann Baur Matias Di Benedetto Thomas Fuchs Carolyn Lampe Simone Sciamanna 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009
For the first time, a new approach to petroleum systems analysis is presented which allows full integration of tectonic and palinspastic restoration with three-dimensional (3D), PVT-controlled, multi-component, three-phase petroleum migration analysis through time. A systematic modeling study has been applied to a study area dominated by fold and thrust belts located in the Sub Andean orogeny near Tarija, Bolivia. The project has been performed with a special focus on the simulation technique and on the correct distribution of temperature, source-rock maturity and pressure development through time with reference to its input data. This is the first pilot project presenting a 3D numerical model in a compressional structural regime to which the basin modeling approach has been applied to explain the observed distribution of temperature, pressure, maturity and petroleum accumulations in general. 相似文献
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The formation of the fields of surface winds over the Black Sea occurs under the action of numerous physical factors. One
of the most important factors is the monsoon mechanism connected with the seasonal variations of buoyancy contrasts over the
sea and surrounding land. To separate the effects caused by this mechanism, we performed and described the numerical experiments
aimed at the evaluation of the sensitivity of the regional model of atmospheric circulation to the variations of land–sea
temperature contrasts. It is shown that the influence of these effects is restricted to the lower part of the atmosphere.
The presented estimates of the climatic fields of disturbances enable us to describe the monsoon mechanism specifying the
seasonal variability of the field of vorticity of the wind velocities and, as a consequence, the seasonal variability of the
large-scale circulation of waters in the Black Sea. 相似文献
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This is the first study of the flocculation of dissolved Fe, Al, Mn, Si, Cu, Pb and Zn during mixing in Zhujiang Estuary, based on the experiment on a series of solutions of salinities ranging from 0 to 24 by mixing the Zhujiang water near Zhongshan University and the seawater in Wan-shan Archipelago area. The mechanism of flocculation of the 7 elements is explored, and the effects of time, acidity and temperature on flocculation are discussed. The results show that the flocculation rates of Fe and Pb in the Zhujiang water are almost a hundred per cent, while that forCu reaches 76%; for Mn, 51%; for Al, 48%; for Zn, 28%; and for Si, 1.2%, indicating that Si is conservative. 相似文献
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A Rapidly Deployable Stable Platform (RDSP) concept was investigated at Florida Atlantic University in response to military and civilian needs for ocean platforms with improved sea-keeping characteristics. The RDSP is designed to have enhanced sea-keeping abilities through the combination of a novel hull and thruster design coupled with active control. The RDSP is comprised of a catamaran that attaches via a hinge to a spar, enabling it to transit like a trimaran and then reconfigure so that the spar lifts the catamaran out of the water, creating a stable spar platform. The focus of this research is the mathematical modeling, simulation, and response characterization of the RDSP to provide a foundation for controller design, testing, and tuning. The mathematical model includes a detailed representation of residual drag, friction drag, added mass, hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressure, and control actuator dynamics. Validation has been performed by comparing the simulation predicted motions of the RDSP operating in waves to the measured motions of the 1/10th scale prototype measured at sea. Resulting from this paper is an empirical assessment of the response characteristics of the RDSP that quantifies the performance under extreme conditions and provides a solid basis for controller development and testing. 相似文献
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By means of physicochemical modeling with the Selektor software package, models were created and calculated for acid riverine water (pH = 2.19), for seawater, and for the mixing of these types of waters. The Yur’ev River-Sea of Okhotsk system was assessed as an example. The physicochemical migration forms of microelements (aluminum, zinc, lead, iron, manganese, and silicon) and their behavior in the water-mixing zone were established. The formation of solid hydrogenous phases under the mixing of acid riverine waters with seawater was shown. By means of the MINTEQA2/PRODEFA2 software package, the influence of the sorption processes on the behavior of the elements considered in the mixing zone was revealed. 相似文献