共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 671 毫秒
1.
面向对象数据模型构建GIS一体化数据库的应用研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
由于GIS是集图形、图像、属性等多种数据源于一身的空间信息管理系统,因此当前该领域研究热点之一就是如何构建一体化的数据管理机制。本文首先分析了现有GIS空间数据库管理机制的不足,然后介绍了目前数据库领域中一种新型的数据模型--面向对象数据模型,分析了采用面向对象数据模型建立GIS空间数据库的现实意义和优势,对开发基于面向对象数据模型(OODM)的GIS一体化数据库技术路线进行了初步研究,并对有关实现方法进行了比较,最后展望了面向对象数据模型在GIS中应用的两个拓展领域。 相似文献
2.
BIM精细化三维模型中的数据是三维GIS重要的数据来源,然而两者数据模型在几何和语义上差异是阻碍BIM与GIS集成应用的重要问题。IFC与City GML分别为BIM和三维GIS领域最通用的标准数据模型,当前的数据转换工具虽然可有效地将IFC数据转为City GML数据,但还是难以顾及到City GML所有的LOD层级,存在信息丢失和几何不准确的问题。本文通过分析IFC数据模型与City GML模型中所有的建筑构件类型以及其关联的语义信息,分别建立IFC数据模型到City GML各层级的映射模型,描述了一种从BIM模型到多层次细节GIS模型的完整转换方法。并通过具体的实验数据进行了验证,保证数据转换方法的正确性以及稳健性。 相似文献
3.
《地球信息科学学报》2016,(11)
ACM SIGSPATIAL会议是GIS科学与计算机科学结合最广泛的国际顶级会议。会议主题围绕计算机科学与GIS研究中的热点问题,涵盖时空数据挖掘、时空数据模型和算法、位置服务、地图匹配、分布式和并行计算、路径规划、轨迹计算等研究方向,具有重要的学术价值和应用价值。本文对第二十三届ACM SIGSPATIAL会议(ACM SIGSPATIAL 2015)进行了总结,将当前计算机科学与GIS交叉研究领域的研究前沿归纳为多源数据融合、轨迹分析、语义分析3个研究方向,同时介绍了ACM SIGSPATIAL 2015会议的主题演讲、会议竞赛以及会议专题研讨会等相关内容,希望展示当前计算机科学与GIS领域相结合的最新研究进展,架起GIS与计算机科学的桥梁。 相似文献
4.
随着城市建设的快速发展,城市规划管理的复杂程度、管理难度的逐渐增加,控制性详细规划在城市空间形态控制上的缺陷日益显现,由于缺少有效的控制手段,对3维空间考虑相对较少,很难对建筑形体和城市形态方面进行引导和控制。3维GIS形象真实地描述了城市3维地理空间的内容,它不仅具有虚拟现实表现的真实感,而且具有真实的地理坐标,具有空间分析和空间运算能力,能为控详规划提供强有力的技术手段。如何将3维GIS融入到控制性详细规划中,利用3维GIS技术手段,解决控详规划管理过程中的实际问题,是本文研究和阐述的关键问题。 相似文献
5.
生态空间控制是城市总体规划的重要内容,也是构建生态城市的必然要求;数字城市规划以空间信息技术应用与空间定量分析为突出特征,探讨生态敏感信息图谱构建的信息技术方法是数字城市总体规划需要开展研究的领域.以A市城市总体规划为例,探讨基于GIS空间分析技术的生态敏感信息图谱构建方法,包括基础数据处理、生态因子确定、评价方法选择、生态敏感性评价、信息图谱构建等几个方面.实践结果表明基于GIS的城市总体规划生态敏感信息图谱构建的技术方法是可行的,可以为数字城市总体规划方案的编制提供科学依据. 相似文献
6.
由于传统的GIS数据模型难以表达非结构化数据和GIS中具有复杂结构的数据,也不能表达继承、聚合等在GIS中广泛使用的关系。在Geodatabase数据模型的基础上分析了农业干旱监测数据结构的特点,使用UML和CASE建模工具,建立起对象、要素及空间实体间的对应关系,自动生成农业干旱监测数据库,并保证了数据间映射关系的正确性。 相似文献
7.
MIKE BASIN支持下的流域水文建模与水资源管理分析——以西藏达孜县为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于ArcView GIS平台,利用流域水资源规划管理软件工具MIKE BASIN,以西藏达孜县为试验区,采用50×50m格网DEM数据,开展拉萨河流域内的地表水的产汇计算,并进行流域水资源合理配置研究。本文建立了流域供需水的空间分析网络,对各汇流区进行流域模拟分析,研究结果以直观的专题图表显示,为本区的流域水资源管理提供了可视化的研究框架。 相似文献
8.
对地学数据进行GIS统一管理与检索分析,实现数据的空间化显示和数据挖掘,是数据共享网建设的重要发展方向.本文以地球系统科学数据共享网中的气候-海面变化数据集为例,在气候-海面变化数据模型研究基础上,进行了相关数据库的统一规划、设计与管理;同时基于.NET,ArcIMS开发平台,利用ASP.NET、ADO.NET等工具开... 相似文献
9.
本文通过对Shapefile文件进行扩展,使用改进的基态修正模型,构建了一种ArcGIS的时空数据模型,支持对时空变化过程的存储、分析和模拟,同时支持传统的GIS空间分析功能。本研究还设计和实现了一种基于多时态矢量数据集的时空数据变化过程发现和时空数据转换算法,此算法可以自动提取多个时态之间的变化过程,将多时态数据转换成基于Shapefile的时空数据模型存储。鉴于该数据模型,设计和实现了时空数据的快照恢复、变化查询、历史演化分析和数据更新方法,验证了模型的可应用性。 相似文献
10.
针对整个城市规划过程的参与者对规划数据的不同种类、不同层次认知需求,本文利用本体思想对包括GIS数据、规划文档、规划图件等多源异构的规划数据进行关系重构,设计本体模型要素的数据语义关系,定义数据间的关联关系,实现基于本体方法的规划领域语义表达算法,方便了各类规划参与者对规划方案认识的交流:同时根据用户特征分类,进行本体关系的逻辑推理,过滤冗余信息,进行多源异构规划数据的可视化。 相似文献
11.
Based on the theories of landscape ecology,landscape eco-environment in the coutrol watershed by reser-voir of Erlong Mountain in Heilogjiang Province was analyzed and assessed by using GIS technique and statistical model of Principal Component Analysis and Spatial Cluster Analysis.It is found that 100.08km^2(36%) of the total area is in the state of kilter,85.73km^2(31%) of the total area is in the state of general,and 47.26km^2(17%) and 15.48km^2(16%) is in the relatively poor state and ideal state.According to landscape ecological structure,there are three land-scape function areas being planned and designed.1) Agricultural landscape function area:its developmental direction is tour agriculture and high-benefit agriculture.2)Eco-environment protected function area:the direction of development and utilization of this region is to develop vigorously forest for soil and water conservation ,and try to increase the rate of vegetation cover.3)Forest landscape function area:rational cut and utilization of forest resources,space optimization disposal of category of forest ,foster of forest and protection of wildwood will become the main development directions for this region.This study trys to provide scientific foundation for ecological restoration of the whole valley and its sustain-able development. 相似文献
12.
XIAO Du-ning 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2001,11(2):104-114
1 THE STRATEGY OF ECOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTION1.1 Active Ecological BalanceThe guidelines of current ecology are changing from balance, stability, homogeneity and small scale into imbalance, instability, heterogeneity, multi-scale, and hierarchy characteristics. The so-called ecological balance means that in the relatively stable status of an ecosystem in a specific time period, material and energy input equals to their output. Also by self-adjusting, the ecosystem can rehabilita… 相似文献
13.
本文以济南市泉水补给区为研究对象,利用GIS空间分析方法,在其景观变化分析的基础上,参照中国陆地生态系统的生态服务价值系数,估算了泉水补给区生态服务功能价值变化,重点分析景观变化对研究区生态服务功能的影响,进而为区域可持续发展和城市建设提供理论支持。结果表明:(1)20世纪90年代以来,泉水补给区耕地和草地景观面积呈减少趋势,林地、园地和建设用地景观面积大幅增加,其中,以林地面积增加最大;从景观类型转化看,耕地与其他景观类型相互转化较为密切,特别是与建设用地和园地之间的转化;林地面积的增加主要来源于草地和耕地;(2)泉水补给区生态服务功能价值主要由林地和耕地景观生态服务价值构成,其变化对该研究区生态服务价值变化起决定作用;从生态服务价值构成类型来看,该地区土壤形成与保护服务功能单项价值所占比重最大,约占总服务功能价值的20%;(3)90年代以来,该地区总生态服务价值呈增加趋势;从单项服务价值变化来看,水源涵养、废物处理和食物生产服务功能价值则呈现出减小趋势,其中,以水源涵养减幅最大,为4.01%,主要是由该区建设用地增加,地面硬化面积增多而引起的。研究认为,济南市南部山区作为重要的泉水补给区,其生态服务功能尤为重要,特别是水源涵养功能,因此,研究区水源涵养服务功能价值的降低应在今后南部山区开发过程中得到足够的重视与保护,逐步增加泉水补给区的整体生态效益。 相似文献
14.
Yuan Zhou Tiemao Shi Yuanman Hu Chang Gao Miao Liu Shilei Fu Shizhe Wang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2011,21(4):465-475
As a result of environmental degradation,urban green space has become a key issue for urban sustainable development.This paper takes Liaoyang City in Northeast China as an example to develop green space planning using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model,landscape ecological principles and Geographical Information System (GIS).Based on the influencing factors of topography,building density and orientation,Shou Mountain,Longding Mountain and the Taizi River were selected as the urban ventilation path... 相似文献
15.
结合遥感、地理信息系统、景观生态学和空间分析等理论,分析了新疆地区2000~2015年农业景观格局的时空动态变化特征,测算了农业生态系统服务价值,通过相关分析进一步研究了农业景观格局与生态系统服务价值的关联,为促进区域土地资源合理利用和生态农业发展提供科学依据。结果表明,新疆农业生态系统正朝着多样化、稳定化的方向发展;农业生态系统服务价值显著增长,但区域间的价值差异较大,呈现北疆高南疆低的分布格局;景观面积、斑块数和景观形状对新疆地区农业生态系统服务价值影响较大且均呈现明显正相关关系。 相似文献
16.
XUJian-hua AINan-shan CHENYong MEIAn-xin LIAOHong-juan 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,13(3):199-206
The mosaic structure of landscape of the central area of Shanghai Metropolis is studied by quantitative methods of landscape ecology based on Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) in this pa-per. Firstly, landscapes are classified into eight categories: residential quarter, industrial quarter, road, other urban landscape, farmland, village and small town, on-building area, river and other water bodies (such as lake, etc.). Sec-ondly, a GIS is designed and set up based on the remote sensing data and field investigation, and a digital map of landscape mosaic is made. Then the indexes of diversity, dominance, fragmentation and isolation, and fractal dimen-sion of each type of landscape in different periods are calculated by using spatial analysis method of GIS. With refer-ence to the calculated results, a series of relative issues are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Xinxiang Cao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2008,18(2):146-154
It is very significant for urban development and urban wetland protection and utilization to probe into the process and reasons of urban wetland landscape dynamics. Taking the information of remote sensing and detailed land survey data as the basic information sources, with the help of RS and GIS, according to the principles and methods of landscape ecology, this paper analyzed wetland landscape pattern dynamics and its reasons in Kaifeng City, Henan Province of China, from 1987 to 2002. The results show that the total wetland area in Kaifeng City firstly reduced by 20.1% from 1987 to 1990 and then increased from 1990 to 2002, with an average annual growth rate of 3.3%. At the same time, landscape fragment degree and landscape dominance degree increased, respectively from 0.64 to 0.72 and from 0.3754 to 0.5563, but mean patch area, maximum patch area, patch fractal dimension reduced. As far as single landscape element concerned, fi＇om 1987 to 2002, patch area, patch number, patch density, patch shape and patch location changed in varying degrees in all wetland types in Kaifeng City, among which rice field changed most and others relatively less. In the recent 20 years, rice fields, lake wetlands, puddles and ponds had a higher stability, but river and bottomland wetlands were mostly transformed to land use types. The change of wetland landscape pattern was the result of the combined action of the Huanghe （Yellow） River, urban expansion, wide cultivation of rice, and rapid development of fishery. Among them human activities were the main driving factors for wetland landscape changes. 相似文献
18.
Rural landscape types and recreational value spatial analysis of valley area of Loess Plateau: A case of Hulu Watershed,Gansu Province,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rural landscape is a complex of natural landscape and human landscape, with various values. The recreational value of rural landscape is a kind of comprehensive benefit with economic, social and ecological, which is provided by the rural landscape as a recreational resource. Loess Plateau is located at the junction of northern and northwestern of China, with serious water and soil erosion and fragile ecological environment. Jingning County is the national poor county, belonging to Liupanshan concentrated poverty areas. Hulu Watershed in Jingning is the typical valley area of Loess Plateau. In the past few decades, Jingning facing the fragile ecology and poverty, has been focusing on apple industry, forming unique rural landscape, exploring an ecological development path, and making much progress in green industrialization and urbanization. The author, according to the apple tree's growing stages, divided the rural landscape of Hulu Watershed into 15 types and analyzed its spatial patterns. The recreational value of Hulu Watershed was evaluated at 1.8 × 10~8–3.6 × 10~8 yuan(RMB) in 2014, by Travel Cost Method and Contingent Valuation Method. The territorial differentiational features of recreational value were that the higher value landscape types concentrated in the surrounding areas of towns and central villages, and the areas along the traffic and river had more development potentiality. The main influence factors were the construction of rural landscape and the development of recreation industry. And the development paths of different landscape types were also proposed. The research conclusions can provide reference for the landscape exploration and recreation industry development in the similar underdeveloped areas in the valley area of Loess Plateau with fragile ecology and poverty. 相似文献
19.
基于GIS、RS技术,本文利用长株潭地区1989年、1996年、2000年和2008年4个时期的LandsatTM/ETM+遥感影像提取景观类型数据,运用景观生态学理论和方法对该地区景观格局特征,及其变化特征进行了研究,并探讨了研究区景观格局动态变化的驱动力。研究结果表明:1989-2008年的近20年中,长株潭地区各景观类型的面积发生了显著变化,主要表现为林地、耕地向建设用地转化;从研究时段来看,研究区景观类型变化速率逐步加快。研究区斑块数量和密度持续增大,最大斑块指数持续减小,景观破碎化程度升高;从景观多样性指数与均匀度指数的变化可以看出,景观格局的多样性增加,且均度增强;同时,由景观形状指数增长说明斑块形状趋于复杂化。影响景观格局变化的驱动因子主要是人为因素中的人口增长、经济发展及政策引导作用。 相似文献
20.
《中国地理科学(英文版)》2020,(5)
Following the trends of Chinese rural transformation development, and the sustainable development goals for resources and environment, reasonable arranging the potential development space and the ecological space, so as to optimize the distributions of rural settlement would be the key challenge for rural areas in ecologically fragile regions. From the perspective of maintaining regional ecological security, this paper takes Da'an City, a typical ecological fragile region in Jilin Province, as the case area, constructing the comprehensive ecological security pattern(ESP) on basis of landscape ecology, and applying the landscape pattern indexes to quantitative analysis the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements. Then, different optimization directions and management strategies are put forward for rural settlements in each secure zone under the comprehensive ESP. The experimental results showed that 1) the area of the low security zone, the general security zone, the moderate security zone and the extreme security zone was 1570.18 km~2, 1463.36 km~2, 1215.80 km~2 and 629.77 km~2, representing 32.18%, 29.99%, 24.92% and 12.91% of the total area of the target area, respectively. 2) The rural settlements in Da'an City were characterized by a high degree of fragmentation with a large number of small-scale patches. 3) The area of rural settlements in the ecological relocation zone, the in situ remediation zone, the limited development zone and the key development zone was 22.80 km~2, 42.31 km~2, 36.28 km~2 and 19.40 km~2, accounting for 18.88%, 35.03%, 30.04% and 16.06% of the total area of rural settlements, respectively. Then, different measures were proposed for settlements in different optimization zones in order to scientifically plan important ecological space, production space and living space in rural areas. This paper aims to provide fundamental support for rural settlements based on redistribution from the perspective of landscape ecology and provide insights for rural planning and rural habitat environmental improvement. 相似文献