共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 812 毫秒
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本文应用Ｈｏｗａｒｄ（１９６１）所用的精巧积分方法研究了三维非静力平衡层结大气随高度变化基流上重力内波的不稳定性质。给出了不稳定产生的必要条件和相速度在相速复平面上的分布规律；发展了Ｍｉｌｅｓ定理和Ｈｏｗａｒｄ半圆定理；得到了有限深度气层的半椭圆定理。并指出在随高度变化的基流中，重力内波的不稳定范围与基流的垂向结构及波传播方向有关；半椭圆的位置和长轴分别重合于Ｈｏｗａｒｄ半圆的位置和直径，而短轴则依赖于与Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓｏｎ数相关的参数Ｊ０，Ｒ０和波数｜ｋ｜及流场厚度参数ｋ０ 相似文献
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进一步了球面上正压准地转运动中不稳定波的Ｈｏｗａｒｄ半圆定理，发现在某些特定的基本流分布下，该定理可以发展成圆弧定理，由此得到不稳定扰动增长率的更为精确的估计式。 相似文献
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本对斜交型扰动不稳定谱点的分布做了理论分析，得到了该谱点分布的半圆定理一该谱点分布在复一面上以原点为圆心以R0为半径的上半平面上，同时还对该不稳定增长率的上界作了估计。发现水平永度越小，模式顶越高则该估计值越大；垂直风切变的增大和纬度的增高对该增长率的增大有正贡献；当层结稳定度减小时，最大增长率随相对最大增长率得增大而减小。 相似文献
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在半地转近似［１］下，利用层结大气中的涡度方程、散度方程、连续方程和绝热方程结合行波解的方法得到了关于垂直速度的单一变量方程。这是与ＫｄＶ方程相应的非线性常微分方程，可得到椭圆余弦波或弧立波。此波动的频率有两种，表明层结大气中存在着两种性质不同的非线性波动。其一是东传的惯性重力椭圆余弦波，另一是混合Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ－重力椭圆余弦波，其性质介于Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ椭圆余弦波与西传的惯性重力椭圆余弦波之间。这两种非线性波的相速不但与波数和振幅有关，而且与β因子和静力稳定度有关，即纬度越低，则传播越慢；大气越稳定，则传播越快。 相似文献
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采用滞弹性近似研究了WAVE-CISK下对称性扰动的谱点分布,得到了WAVE-CISK下对称不稳定扰动谱点分布的半圆定理,用其可估计该对称不稳定增长率的上界.发现存在WAVE-CISK时加热反馈和层结参数对该不稳定的增长率均有重要影响.WAVE-CISK加热反馈越强、基流的垂直切变越大,扰动的垂直结构越简单则该不稳定增长率的上界就越大.存在WAVE-CISK时滞弹性近似下的对称不稳定发生的条件也较Boussinesq近似下的更苛刻. 相似文献
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本文用FGGE资料分析了1979年2月—3月一次爆发性增温期间平流层环流的不稳定性，从而说明在平流层爆发性增温期间伴随产生大振幅重力波活动的原因。分析结果表明:在平流层爆发性增温期间，大气中存在着很强的并且是系统性的非地转运动，从而产生非地转不稳定。强烈的地转偏差的存在激发出大振幅重力波。我们还应用一个线性化扰动方程求得了非地转不稳定判据；并且用数值方法分析了这次爆发性增温期间基流的特征谱点和不稳定波结构。计算结果表明基流满足非地转不稳定条件，具有快波性质的波动出现了不稳定。 相似文献
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一次强暴雨形成的动力机制 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
分析了1998年7月武汉强暴雨的天气演变特征，并从理论上探讨了强暴雨形成的动力机制。结果表明：低空急流先于暴雨生成，暴雨最强时低空急流也最强；高空急流入口区右侧及低空急流左侧非热成风梯度的存在，使得中尺度不稳定波的波振幅出现空间不稳定现象，高空急流右侧不稳定波的波振幅和低空急流左侧不稳定波的波振幅向暴雨区增加，暴雨区恰为这两支波叠加后振幅最大的区域，高低空急流耦合下的非热成风、中尺度对流-对称不稳定可能是这类强暴雨产生的动力原因之一。 相似文献
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根据热带地区蒸发、辐合上升运动剧烈以及海温异常的特点，构造了一个斜压模式方程组，讨论了海表温度（海温加热和海温异常变化）对热带低频波动的影响。分析表明，对天气尺度波动（Lx～Ly～10^6m），采用完全非地转模式，在海温异常作用下，频率明显发生变化，并容易产生波动的不稳定：海温较低时，波稳定，并随海温的增高，频率变低，波速变慢；海温较高时，会引起波动不稳定，且周期随海温的增高而变小。对超长波系统（Lx～10^7m,L,～10^6m），可以采用半地转模式，海温作用可以激发向东传播的低频Kelvin波以及向西传播的低频Rossby波，热带超常波的波动周期随海温升高和异常增大而变长，且在海温异常作用下，波动会产生不稳定。 相似文献
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热带气旋螺旋云带动力不稳定的性质 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
热带气旋螺旋云带的不对称特征,在热带气旋的路径和强度变化中起着重要作用,对其动力性质的研究是整个热带气旋研究中的重要组成部分.文中分别对一个正压无辐散涡旋模型和正压原始方程涡旋模型进行线性化,采用标准模方法计算扰动的谱点和谱函数,研究扰动在基本流场中的不稳定问题,从而讨论了热带气旋中螺旋云带动力不稳定的性质.将一指定的基流廓线代入这两个模型,均会出现不稳定扰动.前者的流动为涡旋运动,仅在不稳定扰动的两个峰值之间可以看出螺旋状的结构特征,在距涡旋中心140 km的外围,不稳定扰动沿径向没有波动分布,没有螺旋云带状结构.此处相应于涡旋Rossby波的停滞半径(stagnation radius),在此半径之内出现的螺旋结构称为内螺旋云带,而在此半径之外出现的螺旋云带称为外螺旋云带.也就是说前者仅出现了眼壁(最大风速半径之内的最大扰动中心)、内螺旋云带,而后者则出现了眼壁、内螺旋云带和外螺旋云带.这说明滤去重力惯性波的正压无辐散涡旋模型(前者)只适合于解释热带气旋不稳定内螺旋云带的形成和结构,当综合考虑不稳定内、外螺旋云带的形成时,水平辐合、辐散的作用不能忽略,此时必须要用正压涡旋模型(后者).在该模型中因最不稳定扰动随涡旋半径的不同,其分别体现了涡旋Rossby波和重力惯性波的特点,故其是不稳定的涡旋Rossby-重力惯性混合波,其不稳定的性质是非平衡的.由此可知,要同时解释内、外螺旋云带的生成和结构,则非平衡的涡旋Rossby-重力惯性混合波不稳定理论应是更合适的选择. 相似文献
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We have determined free Rossby waves in the North Pacific Current by numerical methods. We have found only two stable solutions — the barotropic and first-order baroclinic Rossby shear modes. The influence of the current on the dispersion features of these waves is small for the barotropic shear mode, but is significant for the baroclinic shear mode. An explicit comparison of the dispersion relations for the baroclinic wave in case of vanishing and non-vanishing current is given. We have found at most one unstable solution per wave number. The unstable wave with largest growth rate has an e-folding time of 1.1 year. We have calculated vertical profiles of the stream function and the temperature for the various shear modes at various wave numbers. The temperature shear modes have been calculated for later usage in a Rossby wave model to be fitted to observed temperature data from the North Pacific Current area. 相似文献
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Motivated by the mean current and stratification structure associated with the equatorial undercurrent (EUC), we examine the stability and wave propagation characteristics of a highly idealized model flow: the asymmetrically stratified jet. This is a parallel shear flow in which the depth-varying current has the sech2 form of a Bickley jet. The stratification has a step function structure: the buoyancy frequency takes uniform values above and below the center of the jet, with the larger value occurring below. The spectrum contains three classes of unstable normal modes. Two are extensions of the sinuous and varicose modes of the unstratified Bickley jet; the third has not been described previously. The asymmetric stratification structure allows instabilities to radiate gravity wave energy from the upper flank of the jet to the lower flank, where it encounters a critical layer. From here, wave energy may be reflected, absorbed or transmitted. Absorption results in wave saturation and momentum transfer to the mean flow, in close analogy with the breaking of orographic gravity waves in the middle atmosphere. Transmission beyond the lower flank may partly account for wave signals observed in the deep equatorial oceans. All of these processes exert zonal forces on the jet that alter its speed and shape. The wave structures and associated fluxes developed by the idealized model are compared with observations of the EUC. 相似文献
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钟形地形动力抬升和重力波传播与地形云和降水形成关系研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
地形云和降水过程在区域水循环、水资源、生态环境及气候变化中具有十分重要的作用。本文利用中尺度数值模式WRF 数值模拟试验,以及通过引入表示大气层流速度、层结稳定度和地形特征的关系参数——湿Froude 数(Fw),研究了北京2009 年5 月1 日湿条件不稳定大气层结下,地形云和降水形成过程与地形动力抬升和地形重力波传播之间的关系及形成机理。研究表明,在地形最大高度2 km、半宽10 km 的条件下,层流速度从2.5 m/s 逐步增加到25 m/s 时,对应的湿Fw 数从0.19 增加到1.81。当Fw≤1 时,地形的阻挡起主要作用,由地形抬升形成的地形云主要产生在迎风坡一侧。地形重力波主要产生在迎风坡,并向上游传播,先形成层状云,最后演变为准稳定浅对流波状云。最大降水主要发生在紧靠山顶的迎风坡一侧,但当Fw 很小时,地形云不产生降水。当Fw>1 时,地形抬升形成的云主要发生在山顶附近,而地形重力波主要形成在背风坡,并向下游方向传播,形成准稳定波状云。最大降水主要产生在紧靠山顶的背风坡一侧。另外,在弱湿条件不稳定大气层流下,地形降水主要由地形动力抬升造成的暖云微物理过程产生,地形重力波形成的波状云几乎不产生降水。 相似文献
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An attempt has been made to apply Arnol’d type nonlinear stability criteria to the diagnostic study of the persistence (stability) or breakdown (instability) of the atmospheric flows. In the case of the blocking high, the cut-off low and the zonal flow, the relationships of the geostrophic stream function versus the po-tential vorticity of the observed atmosphere are analyzed, which indicates that Arnol'd second type nonlinear stability theorem is more relevant to the observed atmosphere than the first one. For both the sta-ble and unstable zonal flows, Arnol’d second type nonlinear stability criteria are applied to the diagnosis. The primary results show that our analyses correspond well to the evolution of the atmospheric motions. The synoptically stable zonal flows satisfy Arnol'd second type nonlinear stability criteria; while the synoptically unstable ones violate the nonlinear stability criteria. 相似文献
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The characteristics of waves excited in a stratified shear flow with a velocity profile monotonically increasing above the ground are calculated numerically. It is shown that unstable modes exist when the Brunt-Väisälä frequency of the ambient atmosphere decreases sufficiently fast with height. Their growth rates as a function of the horizontal wavelength and the local Richardson number are given, and a comparison between them and experimental data obtained for the night-time-boundary layer of the Earth's atmosphere is carried out. Finally, the characteristics of the singular neutral modes that the system can support are presented.On a Fellowship from the National Research Council of Italy. 相似文献
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Summary Response of the atmosphere to a line-type heat sink, which represents a cold pool induced by evaporative cooling in falling precipitation, is investigated. Two-dimensional, steady-state, linear perturbations forced by the diabatic cooling in the presence of a critical level are solved analytically. The ambient flow is assumed to have a three-layer structure which is the same as that in Lindzen and Tung (1976, denoted as LT hereafter) except that an isolated diabatic cooling is specified in the lower layer. The shear layer with a critical level is assumed to be either dynamically stable or unstable. A steady-state solution is possible even for a dynamically unstable flow in the middle layer because the wave energy is allowed to propagate to infinity in the upper layer.Thermally induced wave response near the critical level depending on the stability and wind shear in terms of the Richardson number exhibits the same behavior as the eigenvalue problem solved by Jones (1967) and LT because the source mechanism does not change the critical level behavior. That is, when the shear layer is dynamically stable, almost all of the wave energy is absorbed near the critical level, while for dynamically unstable case waves can be partially-or over-reflected from the critical level depending on the Richardson number. Waves can be over-reflected and over-transmitted simultaneously as they travel through the critical level in the process of the energy extraction from the unstable mean shear flow.Using the duct condition proposed by LT, it is found that the magnitude of the perturbation vertical velocity in the lower layer is 6 times larger than that for a nonducting case with the same cooling rate. This implies that under a proper choice of the critical level height and stability profile, the response of the atmosphere to a line-type heat sink can be significantly enhanced through the over-reflection process.With 7 Figures 相似文献
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条件不稳定湿大气中三维理想地形上空对流的动力学特征 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
条件不稳定湿大气情况下,气流经过三维地形可以形成不同性质的对流系统以及不同特征的地形流结构,其对流系统、地形流的性质主要取决于地形上空的对流触发、对流-地形流-重力波三者之间的相互作用,同样这些过程对于地形降水的性质、分布起重要的作用.根据不同湿Fr数(Froude number),湿条件不稳定大气经过三维小尺度山地上空时其对流和地形流动存在4种不同的流域(flow regirnes):(1)下游传播对流模态;(2)上游传播和下游传播共存对流模态;(3)山峰附近准静止和下游传播共存对流模态;(4)下坡稳定和下游传播对流共存模态.地形上空对流系统主要可以通过两种不同机制形成:(1)地形直接的抬升或减速作用;(2)在地形流形成后,由于地形流本身特性(如上游分离、背风涡旋和下坡重力波破碎)触发.在较大的Fr数情况下,地形上空对流生成后反过来可以破坏上、下游的地形流结构,但对背风坡的重力波破碎影响较小.不同初始对流有效位能(CAPE)不仅可以影响对流系统的传播、发展,而且可以影响整体地形流性质.较低的初始CAPE有利于地形流的形成,此时对流对地形流结构特征的影响相对较小,其流场性质与低Fr数流域性质相似. 相似文献