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1.
在回顾了近年来热带气旋波动动力学研究的基础上,介绍了热带气旋内中尺度波动不稳定机理研究方面的进展,分别对热带气旋三类中尺度特征波动的不稳定,即经典重力惯性波、涡旋Rossby波和具有物理性质不可分的混合波的不稳定进行了物理分析,给出了热带气旋内对称不稳定、横波不稳定、对流对称不稳定、涡旋Rossby波正压不稳定及混合波不稳定的动力解释,进一步说明热带气旋内中尺度扰动发展是与基本气流的动力(水平和垂直切变)及热力状态之间的相互作用密切相关。 相似文献
2.
台风麦莎的正压特征波动结构及其稳定性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用中尺度WRF模式对2005年8月西北太平洋台风麦莎（Matsa）进行了精细的数值模拟。使用模式输出资料,对正压浅水方程组进行了数值差分计算,分析它在最大强度时刻的正压特征波动结构和稳定性。结果表明,台风麦莎内部包含有沿逆时针方向传播的重力惯性外波和涡旋Ross-by波,两种波动的结构和稳定性存在显著性差异。前者主要存在于台风外围,增长率随波长的减小而增加,台风外围的波动相速度为48．9～68．5m／s;后者主要位于距离台风中心200km内,表现为3波最不稳定,半径100km处相速度约为5m／s。此外,重力惯性外波的扰动风场与高度场基本相垂直,扰动散涡比值大于3倍,甚至达到10＾3倍,运动以辐合、辐散为主;涡旋Rossby波的扰动风场基本平行于高度场,扰动散涡比值为10＾-1～10＾-2,涡旋运动是其主要运动,与内螺旋雨带沿着切向圆周方向的传播具有密切关系。 相似文献
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本文推导出柱坐标系下含有粘性摩擦项的正压方程组。选取2005年台风麦莎登陆浙江过程中的8月6日15时的WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式输出资料,利用数值差分方法对该正压方程组求特征波解,分析粘性摩擦对台风麦莎内部正压特征波动的影响。结果表明,重力惯性外波在粘性摩擦的影响下,最不稳定波的波数为45左右,波动在摩擦的影响下衰减,波动沿逆时针传播,在半径1000 km处,1波波速为47.43 m/s,在半径r>800 km的范围内,径向风分量扰动加大,辐合辐散运动增强;而摩擦影响下的涡旋Rossby波,2波最不稳定,波动增长率减小,在半径r=200 km处波动相速度为4.282~29.172 m/s,扰动涡度大值区范围减小,涡旋Rossby波的波动区域沿着径向向台风中心收缩。分析包含所有波动时,考虑摩擦后,最不稳定波数在45左右且波动衰减,1波波速在r=1000 km处(外螺旋雨带)为26.374 m/s;在半径r=200 km(内螺旋雨带)为5.275 m/s,考虑径向基本气流后,最不稳定波的波数保持不变,半径r=1000 km处的波速增加为30.324 m/s,r=200 km(内螺旋雨带)处波速为6.065 m/s,摩擦使得径向风分量扰动明显增大,辐合辐散运动加强。 相似文献
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利用线性化的两层正压原始方程模型，对有水平和垂直切变基流的圆形涡旋中螺旋波的不稳定作了研究。结果表明，当基流失稳时，涡旋中不稳定扰动的厚度场、速度场在上、下两层都具有明显的螺旋结构，下层的螺旋结构要较上层复杂。基流垂直切变越大则越易失稳。失稳时上、下层扰动的配置接近反位相，故该螺旋波结构相应于斜压模。此时螺旋波上的扰动中心在切向是逆基流传播的，在径向则基本没有传播，而螺旋臂的整体运动缓慢。失稳的螺旋波其散度场要较涡度场明显，物理量的配置也大体符合重力惯性波的情况，故可认为其是重力惯性波的不稳定所致。本模型中该螺旋波的形态与实际热带气旋中的螺旋云(雨)带很相象。 相似文献
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本文采用美国新一代非静力中尺度数值模式WRFV3．1．1版本对2006年8月14日的1次高原低涡过程进行了3重嵌套的数值模拟,分析模拟输出的高时空分辨率资料,发现涡度散度在各层次上均存在着正负值区域的相临交替分布,体现出一定的波动性,并随时间的变化而旋转,由此对高原低涡中的涡旋波的产生和发展进行详细分析,发现高原低涡中同时具有产生涡旋Rossby波与惯性重力波的条件,进一步粗略计算了涡旋波切向的移速介于涡旋Rossby波与惯性重力波的理论移速之间。由分析结果得出结论认为,在低涡中心区域,由于较高的涡度径向梯度,同时有较强的辐合辐散,波动表现出以涡旋Rossby波与惯性重力波混合的特性为主;低涡外围区域中涡度径向梯度大大减弱,失去了产生涡旋Rossby的条件,显现为惯性重力波的特性。同时高原低涡生命期相对较短,波动在圆周上的传播条件不均匀,这说明可能大多高原低涡螺旋形态的发展并不均匀或并不完整,较难形成如同海上热带气旋般比较均匀和完整的螺旋云带。另外,模拟也发现,在低涡成熟阶段,低涡呈现暖心结构,中心区域垂直运动较弱,表现为相对平静的眼区域。 相似文献
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基于WRF的高原低涡内波动特征及空心结构的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文采用美国新一代非静力中尺度数值模式WRFV3.1.1版本对2006年8月14日的1次高原低涡过程进行了3重嵌套的数值模拟,分析模拟输出的高时空分辨率资料,发现涡度散度在各层次上均存在着正负值区域的相临交替分布,体现出一定的波动性,并随时间的变化而旋转,由此对高原低涡中的涡旋波的产生和发展进行详细分析,发现高原低涡中同时具有产生涡旋Rossby波与惯性重力波的条件,进一步粗略计算了涡旋波切向的移速介于涡旋Rossby波与惯性重力波的理论移速之间。由分析结果得出结论认为,在低涡中心区域,由于较高的涡度径向梯度,同时有较强的辐合辐散,波动表现出以涡旋Rossby波与惯性重力波混合的特性为主;低涡外围区域中涡度径向梯度大大减弱,失去了产生涡旋Rossby的条件,显现为惯性重力波的特性。同时高原低涡生命期相对较短,波动在圆周上的传播条件不均匀,这说明可能大多高原低涡螺旋形态的发展并不均匀或并不完整,较难形成如同海上热带气旋般比较均匀和完整的螺旋云带。另外,模拟也发现,在低涡成熟阶段,低涡呈现暖心结构,中心区域垂直运动较弱,表现为相对平静的眼区域。 相似文献
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热带大气运动的长波和超长波(一) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对热带干大气运动的长波、纬向超长波(纬向扰动尺度L_1～10~4公里,经向扰动尺度L_2～10~3公里)和经向超长波(L_1～10~3公里,L_2～10~4公里)进行了尺度分析,得到了适合这些运动的近似方程。对于纬向超长波,与长波的情况一样为正压无辐散运动;但在经向超长波时,则涡度方程中存在辐散项,这一结果与Matsuno得到的在热带存在Rossby波和惯性-重力波混合的情况是一致的。同时,在存在基本气流切变的情况下,对线性化扰动方程进行了频率分析,结果指出,当n≥1时,Rossby波和惯性-重力波是可分的;当n=0,而纬向尺度L_1～1000公里时,存在混合Rossby-重力波,这就证实了上述尺度分析的结果是正确的。于是,把尺度分析的结果与热带波动运动中Rossby波和惯性-重力波是可分的或混合的特性统一了起来。 相似文献
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两种类型中尺度涡旋Rossby波的相速度及其物理机制 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文使用正压浅水方程组以及纬向切变基流下二维中尺度横波型扰动的Bouss-inesq近似方程组,分析了这种沿着基本气流方向传播的中尺度扰动的波动传播物理过程。研究结果表明,中尺度涡旋Rossby波划分为两种类型。由于纬向基本气流的方向的二阶水平切变或者基本气流的垂直涡度在南北方向的变化(β*因子)所导致的涡旋Rossby波称之为第一类涡旋Rossby波(正压涡旋Rossby波),它产生的根本原因是β*因子的作用。这种第一类涡旋Rossby波相对于基本气流-U0是单向传播的,其传播方向则与β*因子的正负符号有关。基本气流在垂直方向上的风速切变对于中尺度横波型的扰动起着不稳定的作用。如果考虑基流的二次垂直切变时,可以得到第二类涡旋Rossby波(斜压涡旋Rossby波)的相速度表达式,第二类涡旋Rossby波产生的物理根源是基本流场的风速-U的二次垂直切变或者基本流场y方向的平均涡度在空间z方向上的不均匀性(亦即β**因子)。第二类涡旋Rossby波相对于基本气流-U0也是单向传播的,其相速度与纬向波数k有关,能量是频散的,在纬向x方向存在群速度。在基本流场的风速-U存在二次垂直切变时,横波型不稳定可能是混合的涡旋Rossby-重力波的不稳定;而当基本流场的风速-U仅仅存在线性切变,不存在二次垂直切变时,此时根本不存在涡旋Rossby波,横波型扰动的不稳定则仅仅是重力惯性波的不稳定。最后利用横波型扰动的总涡度守恒方程对第二类涡旋Rossby波形成的物理机制做出了解释。 相似文献
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热带风暴中波动特征的研究进展和问题 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
在分析热带风暴眼壁和螺旋雨带中尺度波动特征最新研究的基础上，指出这些研究所忽略的问题，其中包括重力惯性波和涡旋Rossby波波解存在的前提条件和约束、理论分析与观测研究存在的差异等。提出一种基于准平衡动力条件下，热带风暴内中尺度扰动涡散运动共存时，区别于标准模混合的不可分的混合涡旋Rossby-重力惯性波，并讨论了位涡守恒条件下这一类不可分混合波的可能成波机制。利用高分辨率的模式大气资料，采用非对称波分量的分解方法分析了Bonnie飓风中的中尺度波动特征，结果表明，热带风暴中1波型扰动既具有涡旋波性质，但也存在散度扰动的变化，而2波型扰动则体现了明显的不可分混合波的特性。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献