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1.
The Xiao River sewage irrigation area in Luancheng where wastewater from Shijiazhuang flows through was taken as the research area. Five groundwater monitoring wells were set perpendicular to Xiao River, the research reveals the migration law and distribution characteristics of poisonous metal lead, through collecting and analyzing soil samples at different depths, investigating lithologic structure and pollution. The result shows that soil type has great impact on vertical lead distribution in aeration zone, which means that lead concentrates more in clay than in sand. Lead migrates fast in silty soil and silty clay, but slow in sand. The content of lead soil adsorbed decreases with grain size increasing. The most important factor influencing the distribution of lead is the soil type. 相似文献
2.
为了研究含油气盆地倒灌运移油气分布规律,在油气倒灌运移和常规油气运移对比的基础上,对油气倒灌运移形成所需条件和分布区预测方法进行了研究,结果表明:油气倒灌运移按运移方向可分为油气垂向和侧向倒灌运移形式两种,前者发生所需条件是油源断裂发育在一定压力差的紧邻源储区内,后者发生所需的条件是油源断裂发育在区域性盖层封闭区内。通过一定压力差的紧邻源储区和油源断裂叠合和区域性盖层封闭区和油源断裂分布叠合,分别建立了一套油气垂向和侧向倒灌运移形式分布区的预测方法,并将其分别应用于松辽盆地三肇凹陷青一段源岩生成的油向扶扬油层垂向倒灌运移形式分布区和渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷沿油源断裂运移天然气向东一段储层侧向倒灌运移形式分布区的预测中,其结果表明:三肇凹陷青一段源岩生成的油向下伏扶扬油层垂向倒灌运移形式分布区,除凹陷内和边部局部地区外,整个凹陷分布,南堡凹陷沿油源断裂运移的天然气向东一段源岩侧向倒灌运移形式分布区主要分布在凹陷西南地区。分别与三肇凹陷扶扬油层目前已发现的油藏分布和南堡凹陷东一段目前已发现的气藏分布相吻合,表明该二种方法分别用于预测油气垂向和侧向倒灌运移形式分布区是可行的。 相似文献
3.
DF1-1底辟区构造应力场及渗流场演化的数值模拟研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
DF1-1底辟区是莺歌海盆地内超压流体最活跃的地带之一.超压流体的活动直接受控于构造应力及其形成的不同类型的断裂和裂隙构成的输导系统.从底辟区大规模流体垂向活动以及幕式活动的特征来看, 流体流动的动力主要是由于垂向压差的存在以及渗流场变化引起的局部应力场(包括热应力场) 的作用所致.在详细研究底辟区的构造及流体活动关系的基础上, 对底辟区构造应力场及渗流场的演化进行了模拟.结果显示: 构造运动引起的应力场决定了DF1-1底辟区油气沿主要断裂系走向迁移的总趋势, 在底辟区流体从底辟的两侧向其中心运移, 由底辟体中向上运移为主; 高压流体产生的热应力控制局部应力场状况及油气运移方向, 驱动流体向底辟体顶部运移, 当热应力值过大时有可能改变应力场状况以及油气运移总趋势. 相似文献
4.
ZENG Jianhui WANG Chen GUO Shuai YU Yixin ZHANG Zhongtao YANG Haizhang ZHAO Zhao SUN Rui 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(1):208-231
This paper investigates the origin and migration characteristics of petroleum in the northeastern part of the Baiyun Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin(PRMB).The discovered petroleum in the study area is mainly located in the Lower Zhujiang Member(N1z2)and mainly originated from the Enping Formation source rocks in the eastern sag.Active faults(vertical migration)and N1z2sandstones(lateral migration)acted as the petroleum migration systems.The fault activities in the Dongsha event controlled the episodic petroleum migration.Fractures in the fault zones provided effective conduits,and overpressure was the driving force.The vertical migration could not cross the fault zones laterally.The petroleum injection areas in the carrier beds were the contact zones of petroleum-migration faults and carrier beds.The lateral migration was steady-state migration,and buoyancy was the driving force.The migration pathways in the carrier beds were controlled by the structural morphology.Secondary petroleum migration in the study area could be divided into two parts:vertical migration along the fractures in the fault zones and lateral migration through preferential petroleum migration pathways(PPMPs)in the carrier beds.The petroleum migration behaviors,including migrating direction,driving force,and migration pattern,in the faults and sandstone carrier beds were quite different.This study provides a typical example for comprehending secondary migration processes and has great importance for determining future exploration targets in the deep-water area of the PRMB. 相似文献
5.
6.
本文从冀中坳陷束鹿凹陷潜山顶面不整合接触类型及分布规律、结构特征及输导类型出发,精细刻画了不整合面之下半风化岩石层的垂向岩溶分带特征。在此基础上对典型剖面烃源岩热演化、油气运移进行模拟,建立了研究区潜山油气的运聚模式。结果表明,束鹿凹陷潜山顶面不整合包括4种接触类型、5种结构模式,具有3种输导类型,其中斜坡区和洼槽区西部以侧向型为主,斜坡区局部构造高点与洼中隆为侧向+圈闭型,凸起区以侧向+垂向型为主。不整合面之下半风化岩石孔缝洞体系发育,垂向上可划分为表层岩溶带、垂直渗流带以及三个水平潜流带,具有多期岩溶旋回特征。潜山顶部发育的垂直渗流带是油气沿不整合面运移的主力输导层,而内幕发育的多期水平潜流带是油气向内幕运移的潜在通道。深、浅部烃源岩热演化的差异以及与薄层砾岩是否接触导致了斜坡区与洼中隆潜山油气充注的差异,形成了斜坡区晚期薄层砾岩高效中转、不整合侧向运移、水平潜流带向内幕输导、顺向断层向上输导、反向断层圈闭成藏的油气运聚模式。 相似文献
7.
Vertical migration of municipal wastewater in deep injection well systems,South Florida,USA 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
Deep well injection is widely used in South Florida, USA for wastewater disposal largely because of the presence of an injection zone (“boulder zone” of Floridan Aquifer System) that is capable of accepting very large quantities of fluids, in some wells over 75,000 m3/day. The greatest potential risk to public health associated with deep injection wells in South Florida is vertical migration of wastewater, containing pathogenic microorganisms and pollutants, into brackish-water aquifer zones that are being used for alternative water-supply projects such as aquifer storage and recovery. Upwards migration of municipal wastewater has occurred in a minority of South Florida injection systems. The results of solute-transport modeling using the SEAWAT program indicate that the measured vertical hydraulic conductivities of the rock matrix would allow for only minimal vertical migration. Fracturing at some sites increased the equivalent average vertical hydraulic conductivity of confining zone strata by approximately four orders of magnitude and allowed for vertical migration rates of up 80 m/year. Even where vertical migration was rapid, the documented transit times are likely long enough for the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms. 相似文献
8.
本文通过对塔里木盆地轮南地区及附近的钻井（出油井和未出油井）中揭示的裂缝，裂缝与成岩序列的穿插关系，连通砂体及断层和不整合面附近的矿物及矿物中流体包裹体研究，对塔里木盆地轮南地区油气运移路径和期次进行了探讨。通过研究指出了塔里木盆地轮南地区主要经历了3期大规模的油气运聚，地层之间的不整合面为油气横向运移的主要通道。高角度的裂隙及微裂缝为纵向运移主要通道。第一期油气运聚主要发生于海西期，第二期油气运聚主要发生在14－17Ma；第3期油气运聚主要发生在最近的5Ma以来。第一期油气运聚主要为自塔北隆起的西南，南向北，以横向运移为主；第二，第三期运聚主要自西南，南向北，自东向西运移，但主要以垂向运移为主。 相似文献
9.
The Upper Jurassic Tordillo Formation at Cañada Ancha area, northern Neuquén Basin, Argentina, comprises a multi-stage suit of predominantly alluvial sediments that is heterolithic in nature. In that suit, several lithofacies, architectural elements, and bounding surfaces of different order have been identified and their lateral and vertical distribution characterized. This analysis allowed the differentiation of 3 main units (lower, middle and upper), 20 subunits (C-1 to C-20), and the characterization of their alluvial styles.The lower unit (which comprises subunits C-1 to C-4) is mainly formed by fine- to medium-grained sandstones, which become medium- to coarse-grained towards the top. These sandstones characterize settings ranging from floodplains with isolated, unconfined flows, to more complex, vertically stacked, multi-storey sheet sandstones of braided fluvial systems. The middle unit (C-5 to C-10) is dominated by pale brown-grey fine-to coarse-grained sands and medium size subangular to angular conglomerates, which reflect amalgamated complexes of sandstone sheets and downstream accretion macroforms. Remarkably, this alluvial sedimentation was episodically punctuated by volcaniclastic flows. The upper unit (C-11 to C-20) consists of finer sediments, mainly pink to white fine-to medium grained sandstones and red to green siltstones. Towards the top, bioturbation becomes important, and also the presence of volcanosedimentary flows is noticeable. Fluvial settings include braided sheet sandstones with waning flood deposits evolving to isolated high-sinuosity fluvial systems, with flash flood deposits. At the top of this unit, facies may suggest marine influence.Vertical changes in the fluvial style result from both climatic and tectonic controls. A semiarid to arid climate and the active tectonism linked to the eastward migration of the Andean volcanic arc determined major bounding surfaces, fluvial style evolution and the presence of the volcano-sedimentary deposits. Different stages of high and low subsidence rates has been deduced from the vertical stacking of sediments. 相似文献
10.
Nonconventional hydrocarbon targets in the crystalline basement, and the problem of the recent replenishment of hydrocarbon reserves 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Analysis of the distribution of oil pools in sedimentary cover has shown that known platform hydrocarbon fields are closely associated with faults in the crystalline basement and the sedimentary cover itself. Oil pools in the lower productive beds of the sedimentary cover are linked to faulted zones in the crystalline basement. A genetic relationship between oil fields and tectonic dislocations indicates a dominant role for vertical migration in the accumulation of commercial hydrocarbons in the Paleozoic. The conducted geochemical, palynological, geophysical and geological studies have shown that oil and gas pools in the upper sedimentary cover have been formed due to the vertical migration of hydrocarbons, which is also confirmed by the vertical alignment of the oil pools. 相似文献
11.
砂岩透镜体油气藏成因机理与模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
泥岩层的幕式压实/压裂现象和砂岩透镜体中沸腾包裹体的发现,证明了该类圈闭成藏过程中超压流体幕式充注机制的存在。综合考虑油气运聚的动力与作用方式、输导格架类型与流体流动样式、成藏特征、运聚机理和成藏模式,将砂岩透镜体动力学成因类型划分为毛细管力-超压联控型和超压单控型。对砂岩透镜体中的流体排放机制进行了探讨,并认为处于强超压状态的砂岩透镜体油气藏可能存在侧向和垂向两种流体排放模式。 相似文献
12.
地震迁移的类型、特征及机制讨论 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
地震活动的迁移是指地震沿着某一方向循序地发生,是地震活动总体无序中局部出现的有序结构。通过系统分析区域上典型的地震迁移现象可以发现,迁移可划分为沿断裂走向的纵向迁移、垂直断裂走向的横向迁移与岩石圈尺度的深源迁移三大类。结合具体的实例分析,可初步归纳出纵向迁移（包括单向、双向、反复和跳跃式迁移等常见形式）、横向迁移和深源地震迁移的主要特征,并初步估算出了不同类型迁移的速度值,其中沿全球板块边界纵向迁移平均速度约为V=569 km/a,沿亚板块边界的平均速度约为V=120 km/a,沿大陆内部断裂带平均速度约为V=50 km/a。横向迁移相对比较复杂,初步发现在东亚存在两种速度分别为约20 km/a、50 km/a的迁移现象。而深源地震迁移速度的全球平均值大约为360 km/a。地震的纵向与横向迁移都存在不同层次和级别,也存在多种不同频率、能量与速度的形变波与迁移现象,这很可能是区域上大地震丛集活动过程中断层相互作用、地震应力触发和岩石圈尺度的形变波传播等因素共同作用的结果,而这种大空间尺度上的地震迁移现象的存在及其所具有的规律性特征,显然可为开展区域地震危险性分析提供新的思路和方法参考。 相似文献
13.
从多元地质条件及其空间匹配关系角度出发,综合地质剖析及地球化学示踪等方法,对塔里木盆地塔中隆起奥陶系油气输导体系、运移方向及分布特征等进行的精细研究。结果显示:断裂、源储接触关系及盖层等共同控制着油气垂向运移的距离及层位;构造背景、不整合面、渗透性输导层、断裂的配置关系等控制着油气侧向运移的方向、通道和距离;海平面升降旋回、优质储层的配置关系控制着油气垂向聚集层位及平面分布规律。进一步结合研究区烃源岩条件、储层类型等研究成果,基于源储纵向接触关系及油气垂向运移距离,目的层油气成藏模式可分为近源混合成藏模式与远源混合成藏模式;根据油气来源区域及油气横向运移距离,又可分为内部源岩叠加混合成藏模式与内外部源岩交叉混合成藏模式。 相似文献
14.
鄂尔多斯盆地马岭油田延9油层组油气运移研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
我们首次对马岭油田延9油层组原油充注点和运移方向、期次、通道及动力进行了系统地研究。结果表明,马岭油田延9油层组原油中咔唑类化合物的运移分馏效应明显,不同地区原油样品中咔唑类化合物异构体分布特征反映了延9原油具有3个充注点,运移方向为向南东方向和向北西方向运移;纵向上是由下向上,即从延10以下层位向上运移的方向。油藏储层包裹体均一化温度分布呈现出两个主峰温度,说明油气经历了两次运移期和充注期。研究资料显示马岭油田延9油层组原油运移通道在纵向上主要是河道深切谷和延9与延10油层组河道砂体的相互纵向叠置直接接触部位,或者是延10油层组泥岩很薄处形成的油气运移窗口;横向上为联通的多分支河道。油气运移的纵向动力主要为毛细管力和剩余压力。该研究成果对鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系油气的进一步勘探和开发具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
15.
土壤pH值对土壤多环芳烃纵向迁移影响的模拟实验研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
影响土壤多环芳烃(PAHs)纵向迁移行为的环境因素很多。文章以氧化钙和冰乙酸改变采自徐州土壤的pH值水平,人工装填土柱进行纵向淋滤试验,研究pH值对土壤PAHs纵向迁移行为的影响。结果表明,土壤pH值的变化加强了PAHs在土柱中的纵向淋滤能力,表层土壤中的PAHs可迅速向底层转移;不同种类的PAHs淋滤特性表现不同,pH值增加更能增强低环PAHs的迁移淋滤能力,pH值降低则更能促进高环PAHs从土壤表层向深部迅速迁移。 相似文献
16.
Faults can act as either conduits or barriers for hydrocarbon migration, because they have complicated anisotropic flow properties owing to their complicated three-dimensional structures. This study focuses on the Zhu I Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB), China. In this area, hydrocarbon migration and accumulation occurred over a relatively short period of time and were contemporaneous with fault activation, so the characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulations can be used to deduce the effect of active faults on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. This study addresses the effect of fault activity on flow properties during hydrocarbon migration through a quantitative and comparative analysis of fault activity vs hydrocarbon accumulation. The fault slip rate and shale smear factor parameters were used to characterise faulting and elucidate its effect on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Active faults are generally excellent vertical conduits with strong fault activation resulting in vertical migration of most hydrocarbons and little preservation; traps near faults with fault slip rates greater than 20 m/Ma rarely contain commercial oil and gas accumulations. Faulting can form shale smear, which, if continuous, can act as a barrier to hydrocarbon migration. An active fault can allow hydrocarbon transport from deeper formations and to be trapped by continuous shale smear in shallower strata. Most of the oil and gas in the Zhu I Depression have accumulated near faults with a moderate fault slip rate (<20 m/Ma) and development of continuous shale smear (SSF<4–6). 相似文献
17.
济阳坳陷孤南洼陷低熟油成藏特征 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
孤南洼陷具有丰富的低熟油资源，低熟油中的生物标志物以高伽玛蜡烷含量，植烷优势，低成熟度为特征。下第三系沙一段是低熟油的源岩，其岩性为富含藻类有机质的油页岩，油泥岩，低熟油在平面上环生烃洼陷分布，剖面上层位集中在沙二－沙一段，断层控制了低熟油的运移距离和聚集层位，低熟油的成藏模式有3种，即自源侧向运移聚集成藏，自源断层垂向运聚成茂混合运取成藏模式。孤南洼陷低熟油盆地内部以侧向运移，侧向充注入岩性－断块圈闭为主，形成单源油藏。在断藏带原油是以垂向运移及垂向充注断块圈闭为主，形成混源油藏。 相似文献
18.
沉积盆地中超压广受关注,但对超压传导规律认识的不足制约了高压领域的油气勘探.以准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷侏罗系为例,通过超压类型地质综合判识、关键超压表征参数的理论计算及流体包裹体压力恢复,首次认识到了垂向传导对于储集层超压的重要贡献,结合压力垂向传导机制及过程,探讨了油气藏的运聚及泄露意义.研究结果表明,侏罗系超压由4类超压环境中7种致压因素引起,经历2期大规模压力跨层垂向传导,储集层段发育以垂向传导为主因的复合超压,形成3类不同动力特征的油气藏.压力垂向传导是储集层超压的主要成因机制,断-盖的力学性质、差应力及流体压力等3类因素控制压力垂向传导,传导背景下,形成3类与传导作用有关的油气藏:受断层垂向传导控制的超压油藏、受连通砂体侧向传导控制的超压油藏以及超压界面上的常压油藏,上述3类油气藏的运聚及泄露特征差异较大. 相似文献
19.
The eastern offshore of India covers a vast stretch of sedimentary tract fed by major rivers like Ganges, Brahmaputra and
Mahanadi in the north, Krishna and Godavari in the center, and Cauvery and Palar in the south, which led to variations in
shelf-slope characteristics, degree of slope and hence slope instability. The structure as well as seismic attribute maps
prepared from multibeam bathymetry and high-resolution 3D seismic data set has been analyzed to identify various geohazards
in the deep water offshore regions of the east coast of India. These can be categorized as slope instability, slope canyons,
shallow gas, mass transport complexes, sediment waves, gas hydrates, gas chimney, mud volcanoes and shallow faults. The slope
instability is primarily related to rapid sedimentation by the active river systems while the other geohazards are often developed
in association with shallow gas flows and leakages. The bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) identified in the seismic sections
indicate the presence of gas hydrates. Rapid sedimentation, BSR formation, dissolution and expulsion of water as well as gas
and their subsequent vertical migration are responsible for the formation of shallow gas-related hazards. The results from
the above analysis are of immense help in minimizing the risk of shallow hazards during exploration, drilling and subsurface
installation activities along the eastern Indian offshore. 相似文献
20.
为了研究正断层在油气成藏与分布中的作用,通过分析正断层输导与不同运移方向所形成的油气分布之间关系,对正断层输导油气运移输导模式及其对油气分布的控制作用进行了研究,结果表明：正断层输导油气运移模式主要有输导油气垂向运移和输导油气侧向运移2种模式。正断层输导油气垂向运移模式又可分为输导油气以垂向运移为主模式和输导油气先垂后侧运移模式;正断层输导油气侧向运移模式又可分为输导油气侧向连接运移模式和输导油气先侧后垂运移模式。正断层输导油气垂向运移模式对油气分布的控制作用主要表现在2个方面：①正断层输导油气垂向运移模式控制着油气剖面分布特征,输导油气以垂向运移为主模式形成的油气可以在盖层上下分布,输导油气先垂后侧运移模式形成的油气只能在盖层之下分布。②正断层上盘高砂地比地层是其垂向输导油气运移模式形成油气平面分布的主要部位。正断层输导油气侧向运移模式对油气分布的控制作用主要表现在2个方面：①正断层输导油气侧向运移模式控制着油气剖面分布特征,输导油气先侧后垂运移模式形成的油气可以在盖层上下分布,输导油气侧向连接运移模式形成的油气只能在盖层之下分布。②反向正断层下盘是其侧向输导运移模式形成油气平面分布的主要部位。 相似文献