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1.
沉积时期的古地形、古地貌是控制沉积相发育与分布的一个重要因素,其在一定程度上也控制着后期油气圈闭的类型与分布。通过补偿印模法恢复了吴旗油区前侏罗纪古地貌形态,确定局部构造特征,开展有利储集相带预测。研究区油藏分布主要受控于古地貌形态,深切延长组的古河谷是油气运移的主要通道,古地形高部位为油气运移的主要方向,古河谷附近的砂体为油气富集的有利场所,上覆的沼泽相泥岩形成了良好的岩性遮挡条件。 相似文献
2.
K. S. Ivanov S. A. Lats V. A. Koroteev N. P. Kostrov O. E. Pogromskaya 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2018,481(1):873-876
It has been found that the main oil fields in Western Siberia are attributed to Triassic rifts, because the rifts drain the upper mantle, and the deformations of the sedimentary cover are determined by the basement. On average, the thickness of the basement is 14 times greater than that of the sedimentary cover. Taking into account the mean strength (153 ± 10 MPa) of the basement rocks, the basement strength is two orders of magnitude greater than the strength of the sedimentary cover. The sialic blocks, considered as Precambrian, are composed of light granites and metamorphic rocks. They ascend to the level of the upper crust at the time of Triassic rifting and continued to emerge. As a result, antiforms were formed above the sialic blocks in the sedimentary cover; these antiforms were filled with oil. 相似文献
3.
辽河西部凹陷油气资源非常丰富,通过对己勘探发现的773个油气藏的地质特征参数统计认为,西部凹陷油气藏类型非常丰富,但主要以构造和岩性油气藏为主,且复合油气藏发育,统计表明,近90%的油气藏与断裂有关。油气藏类型受构造带控制作用明显,缓坡带最要以背斜、岩性构造油气藏为主,中央背斜带背斜断块油气藏较为发育,而陡坡带则多为岩性油气藏。沉积相带控油气作用明显,油气藏主要分布在扇三角洲、三角洲和浊积扇相。油气资源在空间上遵循“油气总量平衡模式”,无论在平面上还是层位上,油气资源互补特征性强。研究认为西部凹陷具有生烃洼陷、断裂、异常压力、沉积相带联合控藏的特点。首先沙三段、沙四段有效烃源岩大量发育,资源量极为丰富,为西部凹陷油气富集提供了物质保证,油气藏分布主要受生烃洼陷控制;各组段砂体叠合连片,平面展布连续,具较好的储集能力,也为油气的侧向运移提供的条件;另外东营末期因走滑引起的大量泄压断裂发育,为油气大规模远距离垂向运移提供了可能。 相似文献
4.
Yu. N. Raznitsin 《Geotectonics》2012,46(1):1-15
A model is proposed showing the formation of hydrocarbon fields on the shelf of eastern Sakhalin as being caused by sustained
(from the Late Cretaceous to the present) extension in the adjacent deepwater Deryugin Basin with exposure of the upper mantle
rocks at the bottom of the sedimentary basin. The thrust faults and detachments formed through this process facilitated the
penetration of seawater into ultramafic rocks, thus providing large-scale serpentinization accompanied by generation of hydrocarbons.
Extension in the Deryugin Basin was compensated by horizontal shortening at its margins, and as a result, by the formation
of ophiolitic allochthons as constituents of the accretionary prism of eastern Sakhalin. Hydrocarbons were injected and pumped
in the root zones of the allochthons, giving rise to their westward migration and the formation of petroleum pools in fault-line
and underthrust traps on the shelf of Sakhalin Island. The Deryugin Basin is a petroleum-collecting area for oil and gas fields
localized in the upper part of its western margin. More broadly, the work considers interrelations between hydrocarbon generation
and the geodynamics of tectonic couples of ophiolitic allochthons and adjacent deepwater basins of marginal seas, in particular, in the western Pacific. 相似文献
5.
中国双相沉积盆地、古老结晶基底与东北地区深层潜在油气藏 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
基于我国双相沉积盆地与东北地域深部岩性地层潜在油气的必然前景,故必须把握全区沉积建造、结晶基底的起伏,火山岩分布和油、气盆地在浅部与深部不同岩相的空间展布;特别要在新的理念导向下,突破已有框架,重新进行油气远景的剖析和区划,深化认识油气形成和储集空间展布的深层动力过程.为此,揭示不同构造地域"透明"沉积建造、古老结晶基底和壳、幔深层动力学响应,必将成为我国在深部发现大型和超大型潜在油气藏的关键所在.通过国内外油气能源分布状况的研究指出,中国在多元共享世界能源的同时,必须立足于本土并强化安全、可靠与可持续供给的能源战略后备基地的建设.在剖析和研究我国沉积盆地中油气储层、沉积建造和结晶基底的基点上发现,在沉积盆地地域陆相地层下面仍普遍存在着海相地层,即盆地应为双相沉积盆地(陆相 海相);基底不应专指中、新生代沉积地层的底部,而应为古老的变质岩基底,即结晶地壳的顶部.基于这样的理念和对几个双相沉积盆地层序实例的分析提出:我国油气能源勘探在深部尚具有广阔的空间;在我国东北地域应全面进行双相沉积建造、火山岩分布、古老结晶基底的高精度探查;油气和沉积盆地形成的深层过程、动力学响应乃东北大庆、吉林等油气田及深部和周边地域发现新的油气藏、大幅度提升油气藏深部潜在空间的必须.基于双相沉积盆地和古老变质岩基底的研究,对在东北地域查明双相沉积建造、古老结晶基底、火山岩分布和第二深度空间(5 000～10 000 m)油气藏地球物理勘探与整体规划提出了布署和建议. 相似文献
6.
E. G. Zhuravlev 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2009,44(3):298-303
Weathering crusts of the sedimentary basin basement are collectors in several regions of the world. They enclose huge reserves of oil and gas. The paper considers the geochemical, mineral, and petrophysical heterogeneities of weathering crusts that should be taken into consideration in the prospecting, exploration, and development of hydrocarbon raw material therein. Areal and linear-fissure types of weathering crust are defined. They were formed before the overlapping of basement by rocks of the sedimentary cover. Areal crusts are pervasive at the basement roof, whereas linear-fissure crusts are formed along fractures. A complete weathering crust profile includes the following zones (from the bottom to top): disintegration, leaching and hydration, hydrolysis, and final hydrolysis. Rocks of the lower two zones represent the cavernous-fissure collector, while rocks of the upper zones are impermeable. In the arches of uplifted blocks of the basement, weathering crusts are subjected to erosion during marine transgressions. In such places, the roof is composed of rocks of the lower permeable zones that often make up a single heterogeneous natural reservoir overlapped by sandy collectors of sedimentary sequences. Linear-fissure weathering crusts show zonal distribution with good filtration-capacity properties. Several large oil and gas pools have been discovered in them. 相似文献
7.
T. A. Kireeva 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2010,65(4):244-249
A genetic analysis of the underground water from the White Tiger deposit (South Vietnam shelf) distinguished two types of
water: poorly mineralized hydrocarbon-sodium (inversion) water of the sedimentary cover and residual hydrothermal-chloride-sodium
water of the basement. Upon comparing the salt complex of the anhydrous basement oil, the chemical composition of the sedimentary
cover water, and the residual basement hydrotherms, it is concluded that primary oil was transported by a middle temperature
hydrocarbon-sulfate-sodium endogenic fluid and not by chloride-sodium hydrotherms or sedimentary cover water. 相似文献
8.
为了解析东营凹陷岩性油气藏的成因与成藏机理,采用地球化学途径对岩性油气藏最为发育的牛庄洼陷的原油、不同层位烃源岩进行了详细的烃类化学成分分析与精细油源对比研究.牛庄洼陷以沙三中为主的岩性(含透镜体)及其相关油气藏原油普遍具有低Pr/Ph值(<1)、相对较高的甾烷、伽玛蜡烷丰度等沙四上亚段烃源岩的特征,与沙三中烃源岩(Pr/Ph>1)无相关性,与沙三下亚段烃源岩(Pr/Ph>1、伽玛蜡烷含量低)也有明显的非相似性.沙三中亚段的岩性及其相关油气藏油气并非以沙三中为主力烃源岩,而是表现出沙三下特别是沙四上亚段烃源岩的某些特性,暗示以往所确认的透镜体等岩性油气藏极为发育的牛庄洼陷油气成因复杂,油气成藏模式很难用传统的“自生自储”来描述.沙三中岩性油气藏中混合了相隔数百米的沙四段成因油气指示隐蔽油气运移通道的存在. 相似文献
9.
"富集有机质"成烃作用再认识:以东营凹陷为例 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
从沉积特征、微观结构和有机质赋存状态等方面,分析了东营凹陷富集有机质烃源岩不同于分散有机质烃源岩的特征, 探讨了其对成烃过程的影响.相对于分散有机质烃源岩,富集有机质烃源岩纹层理非常发育, 岩性组合和微观沉积特征表现出较强的韵律性和非均质性,且易于形成顺层的有机质网络.上述特点决定了富集有机质烃源岩物理性质存在较强的各向异性,易形成平行层面的微裂隙,具有相对较高的侧向渗透率.这从一定程度上表明富集有机质烃源岩的侧向排烃过程比较容易实现.该认识对于深入研究和评价东营凹陷乃至整个中国东部陆相断陷盆地烃源岩具有重要意义. 相似文献
10.
V. A. Bush 《Geotectonics》2011,45(6):469-480
New data on the deep structure of the crystalline basement in the conjugate zone between the northern termination of the Baikal-Patom
Foldbelt and the Siberian Craton are discussed. Digital processing of the data of a high-precision airborne geophysical (magnetic,
gravity, radiometric) surveys on a scale of 1: 50000 allows us to construct 3D models of the petrophysical properties of the
rocks and to ascertain the main features of the deep structure of the pre-Riphean crystalline basement overlapped by a thick
sedimentary cover. The Archean and Paleoproterozoic metamorphic and plutonic petrophysical complexes are identified, and their
vertical and horizontal relationships are outlined. Horizontal tectonic movements and overthrusting for many tens of kilometers
are interpreted in the internal structure of the crystalline basement. The tectonic overriding of the marginal part of the
Siberian Craton by nappes of the Baikal-Patom Foldbelt is proved. In particular, the completely detached, allochthonous position
of the Kotuikan Zone along which the Magan and Daldyn terranes cojugate with the Aldan Province in the south of the craton
is established. This compels us to consider a re-evaluation of the currently accepted concept concerning the structure and
formation history of the basement of the ancient Siberian Craton. 相似文献
11.
The Northwest Shelf of the Delaware Basin, SE New Mexico is the site of several large and productive oil and gas fields. The most productive reservoirs are located in the late Pennsylvanian Morrow and early Permian Abo formations. Production from the latter more important play is predominately from fluvial Abo red beds of the Pecos Slope Field. The oxidizing conditions implied by the reddish color of the formation require an external hydrocarbon source. To test the existing migration model for the region and constrain the location of potential hydrocarbon sources, we measured the elemental and isotopic composition of noble gases produced along with the hydrocarbons. We found the hydrocarbons to be highly enriched in radiogenic 4He, 40*Ar and nucleogenic 21*Ne [F(4He) = 44,000-250,000; 40Ar/36Ar = 400-3145; 21Ne/22Ne = 0.044-0.071]. The greatest enrichments occur in the Pecos Slope gas fields. The hydrocarbons also contain three independent nonradiogenic noble gas components each with an atmospheric isotopic composition. One component is most likely air-saturated water (ASW). The second component is enriched in the heavy noble gases [F(130Xe) > 8.5] and is derived from the hydrocarbon sources. The third component is enriched in Ne [F(20Ne) > 0.8] that we believe is degassed from sources within the reservoirs. This component is correlated with but decoupled from the dominant source of radiogenic 4He and 40*Ar. Very high concentrations of 4He (up to ∼1% by volume) in the Pecos slope reservoirs require a source external to the reservoirs, such as the underlying Precambrian basement granites and sedimentary equivalents. Structural buckles cutting through the Pecos field may act as high flux vertical pathways for the radiogenic 4He. If the hydrocarbons in the Pecos slope fields have migrated northward from the deeper Delaware Basin, as suggested by compositional trends, then perhaps the buckles also play an important role in the distribution and filling of the Pecos slope reservoirs. 相似文献
12.
Particularly well exposed structures in folded and cleaved sedimentary cover immediately overlying a crystalline basement have been studied. Chemical analysis (X.R.F. and microprobe) reveal pressure solution process and give the possibilities of measurement of mass transfer. Study of fluid inclusion veins has determined the temperature pressure conditions: thermal effect of the basement and decrease of temperature and pressure with the age of various synkinematic veins.Characteristic examples of the behaviour of a heterogeneous material during coaxial and non-coaxial deformation are shown:
- 1. (1) Successive different asymmetrical folds, various cleavages and fractures appear in a shear zone parallel to the main fabric with variations of thickness and rock behaviour.
- 2. (2) Evolution of cleavage in such a shear zone (with or without slipping) is linked to the relations between the rotation of contraction direction and the rate of the cleavage process.
- 3. (3) Fold axes changed from the horizontal y direction to the vertical (or E—W transversal to the crystalline massif) X direction, with increase of the (X/Z) and (X/Y) ratios (obtained by fossils and reconstructed fold shape). This strain is always heterogeneous and the most deformed zone frequently evolves to discontinuities with slip.
- 4. (4) Indentation exists on all scale: from hard object (100 μ, with parenthesis form of pressure solution cleavage apparent on map distribution of various element) to basement block (with variation of strain value in the indented cover).
13.
根据油源对比、原油特征及其在纵横向上的分布特点、地层压力和流体包裹体等资料，综合利用各项油气运移特征参数，对油气二次运移特征进行分析，总结油气聚集规律，对油气运聚的有利区带进行预测。 相似文献
14.
The formation and structural evolution of the Jungfrau syncline is described, based on excellent outcrops occurring in the Lötschental, in the Central Alps of Switzerland. The quality of the outcrops allows us to demonstrate that the External Massifs of the Swiss Alps have developed due to internal folding. The Jungfrau syncline, which separates the autochtonous Gastern dome from the Aar massif basement gneiss folds, is composed of slivers of basement rocks with their Mesozoic sedimentary cover. In the Inner Faflertal, a side valley of the Lötschental, the 200 m thick syncline comprises four units, the Gastern massif with a reduced Mesozoic sedimentary cover in a normal stratigraphic succession, two units of overturned basement rocks with their Mesozoic sedimentary cover, and the overturned lower limb of the Tschingelhorn gneiss fold of the Aar massif with lenses of its sedimentary cover. Stratigraphy shows that the lower units, related to the Gastern massif, are condensed and that the upper units, deposited farther away from a Gastern paleo-high, form a more complete sequence, linked to the Doldenhorn Meso-Cenozoic basin fill. The integration of these local observations with published regional data leads to the following model. On the northern margin of the Doldenhorn basin, at the northern fringe of the Alpine Tethys, the pre-Triassic crystalline basement and its Mesozoic sedimentary cover were folded by ductile deformation at temperatures above 300 °C and in the presence of high fluid pressures, as the Helvetic and Penninic nappes were overthrusted towards the northwest during the main Alpine deformation phase. The viscosity contrast between the basement gneisses and the sediments caused the formation of large basement anticlines and tight sedimentary synclines (mullion-type structures). The edges of basement blocks bounded by pre-cursor SE-dipping normal faults at the northwestern border of the Doldenhorn basin were deformed by simple shear, creating overturned slices of crystalline rocks with their sedimentary cover in what now forms the Jungfrau syncline. The localisation of ductile deformation in the vicinity of pre-existing SE-dipping faults is thought to have been helped by the circulation of fluids along the faults; these fluids would have been released from the Mesozoic sediments by metamorphic dehydration reactions accompanied by creep and dynamic recrystallisation of quartz at temperatures above 300 °C. Quantification of the deformation suggests a strain ellipsoid with a ratio (1+ e1 / 1+ e3) of approximately 1000. The Jungfrau syncline was deformed by more brittle NW-directed shear creating well-developed shear band cleavages at a late stage, after cooling by uplift and erosion. It is suggested that the external massifs of the Alps are basement gneiss folds created at temperatures of 300 °C by detachment through ductile deformation of the upper crust of the European plate as it was underthrusted below the Adriatic plate. 相似文献
15.
Thamer Khazal Al-Ameri Afrah Hasan Al-Ekabi Sameer Noori Al-Jawad 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(4):1433-1455
Seventy-two core and cutting samples of the Ratawi Formation from selected wells of central and southern Iraq in Mesopotamian Foredeep Basin are analysed for their sedimentary organic matters. Dinoflagellates, spores and pollen are extracted by palynological techniques from these rocks. Accordingly, Hauterivian and late Valanginian ages are suggested for their span of depositional time. These palynomorphs with other organic matter constituents, such as foraminifer’s linings, bacteria and fungi, are used to delineate three palynofacies types that explain organic matter accumulation sites and their ability to generate hydrocarbons. Palaeoenvironments of these sites were mainly suboxic to anoxic with deposition of inshore and neritic marine environments especially for palynofacies type 2. Total organic matters of up to 1.75 total organic carbon (TOC) wt.% and early mature stage of up to 3.7 TAI based on the brown colour of the spore species Cyathidites australis and Gleichenidites senonicus with mottled interconnected amorphous organic matter are used for hydrocarbon generation assessment from this formation. On the other hand, these rock samples are processed with Rock-Eval pyrolysis. Outcomes and data calculations of these analyses are plotted on diagrams of kerogen types and hydrocarbon potential. Theses organic matter have reached the mature stage of up to T max?=?438 °C, hydrogen index of up to 600 mg hydrocarbons for each gram of TOC wt.% and mainly low TOC (0.50–1.55). Accordingly, this formation could generate fair quantities of hydrocarbons in Baghdad oil field and Basrah oil fields. Organic matters of this formation in the fields of Euphrates subzone extends from Hilla to Nasiriyah cities have not reached mature stage and hence not generated hydrocarbons from the Ratawi Formation. Software 1D PetroMod basin modelling of the Ratawi Formation has confirmed this approach of hydrocarbon generation with 100 % transformations of the intended organic matters to generate hydrocarbons to oil are performed in especially oil fields of East Baghdad, West Qurna and Majnoon while oil fields Ratawi and Subba had performed 80–95 % transformation to oil and hence end oil generation had charged partly the Tertiary traps that formed during the Alpine Orogeny. Oil fields of Nasiriyah and Kifle had performed least transformation ratio of about 10–20 % transformation to oil, and hence, most of the present oil in this field is migrated from eastern side of the Mesopotamian Foredeep Basin that hold higher maturation level. 相似文献
16.
华北克拉通古/中元古代界线和相关地质问题讨论 总被引：21，自引：15，他引：6
从18到16亿年,全球构造格局、古地理环境及生物演化发生重要变革。就全球地质演化历史而言,结晶基底的形成标志着古元古代的结束,而稳定盖层的发育标志着中元古代的开始。在国际地层年表上,古元古代末期(18~16亿年)被称之为"固结纪",古/中元古代的界线被划定在16亿年。在华北克拉通,一般认为"吕梁运动"是结晶基底最终形成的标志性构造-热事件,此后发育以长城系为代表的地台型沉积盖层。长期以来,我国地质界一直以长城系的沉积代表中元古代的开始,并将古/中元古代的界限置于18亿年,与国际地层年表相差2亿年,以至于在中外文献中对中国18~16亿年间的地质记录的表述方式混乱。究其原因,主要有:1华北克拉通基底的形成或最终克拉通化是以"吕梁运动"的结束为标志,结晶基底最晚期的变质年龄不晚于18亿年;2长城系的底界年龄(18亿年)一直缺乏可靠的数据,目前对华北克拉通范围内稳定盖层发育的起始时间及代表性沉积记录,尚无统一的认识;3对华北克拉通由基底形成到盖层的演化及构造体制转折的动力学过程等见解不一,也缺少精细的年代学制约。本文综述了华北克拉通尤其是南部地区18~16亿年岩浆-沉积记录的研究进展,就古/中元古代界线及相关地层对比和划分方案进行了讨论,并指出了亟需解决的重要科学问题。作者认为:1华北克拉通18~16亿年的火山-沉积记录在其南部地区最广泛、最完整。其中,熊耳群火山岩系(18~17.5亿年),包括底部发育的河湖相砂岩-泥岩沉积——大古石组,早于蓟县剖面的长城群,是华北陆块结晶基底形成后最早的盖层沉积。2华北克拉通古/中元古代的分界年龄目前有2种选择:一是18亿年,即熊耳群火山岩系底部大古石组的起始沉积年龄;二是16亿年,将蓟县剖面长城系的高于庄组划归蓟县系,长城系的大红峪组及以下地层归为古元古代,18~16亿年的火山-沉积岩系均归为古元古代末期的固结纪。3华北克拉通18~16亿年的地质记录包括早期的熊耳群和晚期的长城群火山-沉积岩系,以及多期次的基性岩墙、斜长岩杂岩体、A-型花岗岩(包括环斑花岗岩)等的发育。目前对它们的成因和产出的地球动力学背景存有诸多争议,精确构建该时期岩浆-沉积作用的时序,并与全球典型克拉通进行对比,进而解析华北克拉通由结晶基底形成到稳定盖层发育阶段的构造体制转折和动力学过程,为重新厘定古/中元古代界线和相关地层划分方案提供依据。这些是我国前寒武纪地质研究的重要课题。 相似文献
17.
应用定量颗粒荧光技术研究塔中地区志留系古油藏分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
引进定量颗粒荧光技术,研究了塔里木盆地塔中隆起志留系的油藏分布特征,着重探讨了古油藏叠合连片分布的可能性。结果表明,塔中地区的志留系在晚期成藏过程中没有形成过叠合连片的大规模的可动油气藏,而只在局部构造上形成规模较小的、独立的油气藏。塔中4和塔中17井柯坪塔格组上一亚段在地质时期都曾成过藏,但均遭破坏;塔中117井柯坪塔格组上三亚段和塔中31 井柯坪塔格组上一亚段仅在后期充注过程中有油气聚集成藏;塔参1井在第一期油气充注过程中曾形成过较大的古油藏,而晚期充注过程中则未聚集成藏。研究还表明,志留系储层是好的输导层,地质时期中有烃类运移通过。中央断垒带为油气运移、聚集的主要路径和有利场所,在下一步的志留系勘探中应给予高度重视。 相似文献
18.
天然气藏与油藏形成机理及分布特征的异同 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
作为流体矿藏气藏与油藏的形成和分布具有相似性,都需要经过由分散到富集的成藏过程。天然气来源的广泛性和易于溶解、运移、散失的特性,决定了天然气双石油具有更多的运聚成藏方式和时空分布的广泛性。水溶对流运移、多源复合成藏、溶解气脱溶成藏、运聚动平衡成藏,是天然气运聚成藏的重要特点。 相似文献
19.
噶尔盆地西北缘侏罗系陆相碎屑岩储层的岩性差异较大，并且岩性对物性的控制作用明显。储层的孔隙类型多样，不同类型的孔隙在发育规模、丰度及有效性方面都存在显著差异，其中次生溶蚀孔隙、原生粒间孔隙和残余粒间孔隙是最重要的有效孔隙类型。储层渗透率与孔隙度之间存在较好的半对数相关关系，通过设置一定的孔隙度和渗透率参数界线，对储层储集性能进行评价，将侏罗系储层的孔渗性能划分为5个级别，可与当前流行的砂岩储层孔渗性能分级相对应。通过对大量压汞参数样本的聚类分析，将储层的孔隙结构划分为４个类型，并通过对各类的特征参数统计及曲线形态对比，对孔隙结构类型进行了定量结合定性的优劣评价。最后结合孔渗性能级别、储集空间类型、孔隙结构类型、岩性等特征，对准噶尔盆地西北缘侏罗系储层进行综合多因素的分类评价。 相似文献
20.
Structural–geological inhomogeneities in the northeastern Barents Sea are zoned based on an analysis of various components of the gravity and magnetic fields. The objects revealed in the basement and sedimentary cover of the Barents Sea Plate form anomalies in potential fields at coexisting complex geological structures and contrasting petrophysical properties. Cluster analysis reveals the fault-marked boundaries of individual blocks in the basement. A numerical model of faults in the sedimentary cover and basement of the Barents Sea Plate is constructed. 相似文献