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1.
In situ dissipation tests provide a means of evaluating the in situ coefficient of horizontal consolidation and horizontal
hydraulic conductivity of soft clays. Dissipation tests by means of piezocone (CPTU), dilatometer (DMT), self-boring pressuremeter
(SBPT) and BAT permeameter (BAT) were utilized in the characterization of the coefficient of horizontal consolidation and
horizontal hydraulic conductivity of Singapore marine clay at Changi in a land reclamation project. Dissipation tests were
carried out prior to reclamation as well as after ground improvement with vertical drains to compare the changes in the coefficient
of horizontal consolidation and horizontal hydraulic conductivity prior to and after ground improvement. Tests were carried
out in a vertical drain area as well as in an adjacent untreated control area after 23 months of surcharge loading, for comparison
purposes. The purpose of this research is to determine the horizontal consolidation parameters of Singapore marine clay prior
to reclamation as well as after 23 months of surcharge loading with and without vertical drains by means of in situ dissipation
tests. 相似文献
2.
In-situ testing of Singapore marine clay at Changi 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Changi East Reclamation Project in the Republic of Singapore comprises of the ground improvement of marine clay with the installation of prefabricated vertical drains and subsequent surcharge placement. Prior to the commencement of land reclamation works, a series of in-situ tests were conducted in marine conditions with the use of various in-situ testing equipment. The In-Situ Testing Site was located in the Northern area of the project where the thickest compressible marine clay layers existed. The in-situ tests carried out were with the field vane, piezocone, flat dilatometer, self-boring pressuremeter and BAT permeameter. In-situ tests were conducted to determine the undrained shear strength and overconsolidation ratio of the marine clay. In-situ dissipation tests provide a means of evaluating the in-situ coefficient of horizontal consolidation and horizontal hydraulic conductivity of soft soil and were used to estimate these properties of Singapore marine clay at Changi. 相似文献
3.
A. Arulrajah M. W. Bo H. Nikraz A. S. Balasubramaniam 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2007,25(6):647-656
In situ dissipation tests provide a means of evaluating the in situ coefficient of consolidation due to horizontal flow and
hydraulic conductivity in horizontal direction in marine clays formation. Dissipation tests by means of piezocone were utilised
in the characterisation of the coefficient of consolidation due to horizontal flow and the hydraulic conductivity in horizontal
direction of Singapore marine clay at Changi. Piezocone dissipation tests were carried out prior to reclamation as well as
after ground improvement with vertical drains to compare the changes in the coefficient of consolidation due to horizontal
flow and hydraulic conductivity in horizontal direction prior to and after ground improvement. The quasi-static piezometric
pressures from the dissipation tests were compared with piezometric pressures from piezometers to determine their possibility
of future use as an alternative to piezometers. Post-improvement CPTU dissipation tests were carried out in the treated “Vertical
Drain Area” as well as in an adjacent untreated “Control Area” for comparison purposes. This study provides support for the
use of piezocone dissipation testing methods for the determination of the coefficient of consolidation due to horizontal flow
and hydraulic conductivity in horizontal direction of marine clays in the region as well as an alternative to piezometer instrumentation
for monitoring of piezometric pressure during consolidation. 相似文献
4.
通过室内试验,研究了试样在模拟的堆载预压、真空预压、真空-堆载联合预压以及各向等压4种情况下土体的固结变形特性。结果表明,在真空预压模拟试验情况下,试样的变形、加固情况等指标与各向等压模拟试验下的情况很接近,即：试样的竖向变形小于堆载预压模拟试验情况下试样的竖向变形,土性改善程度要优于堆载预压的情况。而真空-堆载联合预压模拟情况下,试样的竖向变形大于真空预压的情况,加固效果好于堆载预压的情况,总体上具有更好的加固效果。 相似文献
5.
超载预压法是处理软土地基的一种有效的方法,其处理效果可以从工后沉降（后续变形）得到反映,而工后沉降与超载预压的超载比及卸载时地基达到的平均固结度有关。对于超载卸除前地基应达到的平均固结度（即卸载控制问题）,目前还缺乏简单有效的计算模型。从超载预压的原理出发,基于 曲线,提出了考虑土体骨架非线性弹塑性应力-应变关系的二元件固结模型,给出了该模型的固结微分方程,并用差分法进行了求解,与传统卸载控制理论相比显示出了较理想的结果。同时,基于该模型讨论了渗透系数和土骨架的弹塑性应变的比例对卸载控制的影响。 相似文献
6.
Characteristics of Singapore Marine Clay at Changi 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Singapore marine clay at Changi is a quartenary deposit that lies within valleys cut in the Old Alluvium. It is locally known
as Kallang formation. The pre-reclamation site characterization and laboratory testing was carried out by conducting marine
sampling boreholes, in situ dissipation tests and field vane test. In situ dissipation tests were conducted with the piezocone,
flat dilatometer, self-boring pressuremeter and BAT permeameter. The purpose of the site characterization was to determine
the consolidation characteristics, strength characteristics, stratigraphy, and mineralogy of Singapore marine clay. The consolidation
properties of marine clay are required prior to land reclamation activities in order to predict the magnitude and rates of
settlement with the expected fill load and future service load as well as for the design of soil improvement works. The shear
strength properties are required for slope stability analyses during reclamation and for the stability analyses of shore protection
works. Clay mineralogy tests and photographic identification of the marine clay was carried out to determine the mineralogical
properties and to visually record the marine clay colour and texture. 相似文献
7.
利用EVP模型确定堆载预压法的卸载时机 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在Bjerrum等时 曲线图的基础上,利用殷建华和Graham的一维EVP模型,在考虑土体次固结沉降的情况下,依据运行期限和运行期允许的沉降量等参数获得等载预压卸载时的临界孔隙比,进而求得控制超载预压和欠载预压卸载时的临界孔隙比,由此可计算出控制堆载预压卸载时机的临界沉降量,克服传统堆载预压依据主固结理论无法反映堆载预压降低次固结变形的缺陷。根据欠载预压的临界孔隙比公式,可计算出最小预压荷载。在推导欠载预压临界孔隙比的过程中,提出新假说A理论,证明了新假说A与假说B近似等价的充分条件。算例表明,由于考虑了软土预压期的次固结变形,堆载预压地基的总沉降量和卸载时的临界沉降量要比有效应力面积比法的大。 相似文献
8.
为了研究超载预压软土的次固结特征,分析超载预压处理软土地基的工后沉降,文章考虑应力历史对软土结构性的影响,模拟现场工况,对重塑洞庭湖软土试样进行超载预压后再压缩的一维固结蠕变试验。研究结果表明:经过超载预压的软土卸荷后再进行加载,压缩变形过程中主固结时间明显缩短,约为未经超载预压处理软土主固结时间的1/3,打设排水竖井对软土主固结时间几乎没影响;预压荷载越大,次固结系数越小,超载预压有利于消除软土的次固结沉降;随着建（构）筑物荷载的增加,次固结系数增大;打设排水竖井,未经预压处理软土的次固结系数略有增加,经过超载预压处理软土的次固结系数略有减小,但影响效果不是很明显。考虑应力历史,引入超载增量比,发现次固结系数与超载增量比呈线性递减关系,建立了相应的计算模型,提出了次固结沉降计算公式。试验及分析结果对预压处理地基的设计和施工具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
9.
真空预压加固软土地基变形与固结计算研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
考虑真空度的衰减情况,对真空预压加固软基的变形和固结度计算方法进行了研究。先根据真空预压时砂井的真空压力状态建立了真空预压的空间轴对称变形模型,用位移法推导该模型在等应变条件下的变形及体积应变计算公式。在此基础之上结合Hansbo砂井地基固结理论和真空预压的边界条件,推导了忽略竖向渗流情况下的真空预压加固软土地基的固结解析解。比较文中计算方法与已有计算理论和现场试验实测资料结果表明,体积应变的计算对真空预压的孔压和固结度的计算有较大的影响,而直接引用传统堆载预压的体积应变计算公式计算会导致较大误差。在固结度计算中,采用Hansbo的近似方法能满足计算精度的要求,所得计算结果与实测结果吻合较好 相似文献
10.
对塑料排水板堆载预压法作用下的软土地基,采用竖向平均固结度计算公式对分级加载的软土地基的不同时刻的固结度进行推算和预测,并利用实测数据对其检验对比,分析地基土的固结程度,预测地基土达到稳定要求的时间。 相似文献
11.
真空联合堆载预压与混凝土芯砂石桩复合地基相结合是处理深厚软土地基的一种新方法。该方法既能利用预制混凝土芯桩提高地基承载力,又能利用砂石外壳缩短排水路径、传递真空负压,加快固结。根据真空联合堆载预压下混凝土芯砂石桩复合地基的固结特点,将堆载预压和真空预压的固结效应分开考虑,然后再进行叠加,推导出了真空联合堆载预压下混凝土芯砂石桩复合地基的平均固结度解析解,并利用三维数值模拟对平均固结度解析解进行了验证。通过对解析解的参数分析,探讨了置换率、涂抹区大小及渗透系数、混凝土芯砂石桩长径比和芯桩率对混凝土芯砂石桩复合地基固结特性的影响。结果表明,混凝土芯砂石桩复合地基的固结速率随着置换率和芯桩率的增大而增大,随涂抹区和砂石外壳直径之比、未扰动区和涂抹区渗透系数之比、长径比的增大而减小。 相似文献
12.
为了揭示软土固结蠕变机制,计算软基“工后沉降”,开展了室内模拟真空、堆载以及真空-堆载联合预压加固软土的固结蠕变三轴试验及三轴试验前、后的微观结构试验。建立了能考虑微观结构改变的弹黏塑性(EVP)软土蠕变模型。研究结果表明：原状软土样在真空预压、堆载预压、联合预压3种预压荷载作用下,固结过程和蠕变过程具有耦合效应;土体微观结构参数的改变与宏观工程性质的改变具有相辅相成的关系;EVP模型弱化了具体应力路径的变化,其反映弹性的参数和反映黏塑性的参数可由微观结构参数确定;改进的EVP模型既能计算土体的弹黏塑性变形,也考虑了土体微观结构的变化,能更全面地反映土变形的实质。 相似文献
13.
14.
The settlement of a structure founded on clay comprises of immediate and consolidation settlements. In the case of clays, consolidation settlement is more than immediate settlement. The parameters influencing consolidation settlement of a normally loaded clay layer are degree of saturation (S%), void ratio (e) of soil prior to excavation, amount of overburden (σo) removed, amount of rebound and intensity of loading (σ) upon building superstructure. This paper presents the effect of the above parameters on compressibility characteristics of a clay. The different steps undertaken for footing construction were simulated in the laboratory. Remoulded clay samples were prepared from oven-dry fraction passing 425 μm sieve. The density of the samples was kept constant at 13 kN/m3. Degree of saturation was varied at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The surcharge on the samples (overburden in the case of field clay layer) was varied as 25 kPa, 50 kPa and 100 kPa. Compressibility characteristics such as initial compression under the applied surcharge (overburden), rebound upon removal of surcharge and recompression were studied through one-dimensional consolidation tests. The rate and amount of initial compression, rebound, e-σ and e-log σ curves, compression index (Cc), coefficient of compressibility (av) and coefficient of volume compressibility (mv) were studied. 相似文献
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16.
17.
M. Hamami 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(5):1271-1292
The work presented in this paper comes as part of a research program dealing with the thermomechanical behaviour of rock salt.
It aims to study laboratory and in-situ long-term behaviour by means of creep tests with deviator and temperature changes. The laboratory results, using a triaxial
multi-stages creep tests, highlighted the strain hardening character of rock salt. Furthermore, the in-situ results, using a borehole dilatometer multi-step creep test, have shown that the drilling is carried out in a weakly stressed
pillar. The interpretation of the laboratory results, using the J.LEMAITRE law, did not indicate full agreement with all the
test results. As a result a ‘double’ J.LEMAITRE model, which takes into account a double strain hardening variable, has been
put forward. The validation of this model on the laboratory creep tests is very satisfactory. Furthermore, the activation
energy seems satisfactory to represent the influence of the temperature. The in-situ behaviour modelling is clearly more complex than the modelization based on laboratory tests. In fact, it seems that if the
rock salt behaviour is maintained by J.LEMAITRE law, it is necessary to vary with the stress, at least, one of the parameters
assumed constant in the basic law. 相似文献
18.
Factors Affecting Consolidation Related Prediction of Singapore Marine Clay by Observational Methods
The use of prefabricated vertical drains with preloading option is the most widely-used ground improvement method for the
improvement of marine clays in land reclamation projects. The assessment of the degree of consolidation of the marine clay
is of paramount importance prior to the removal of preload in such ground improvement projects. This analysis can be carried
out by means of observational methods with the use of field settlement plates and piezometer monitoring. Field settlement
monitoring data can be used to ascertain the settlement of the reclaimed fill from the time of initial installation. The field
settlement data can be analysed by the Asaoka method to predict the ultimate settlement of the reclaimed land under the surcharge
fill. Back-analysis of the field settlement data will enable the coefficient of consolidation due to horizontal flow to be
closely estimated. Piezometer monitoring data can be analysed to obtain the degree of consolidation of the improved marine
clay. Back-analysis of the piezometer data will also enable the coefficient of consolidation due to horizontal flow to be
estimated. The aim of this paper is to highlight the significance and impact of the various factors that affect prediction
by the Asaoka and piezometer assessment methods. The authors findings of the Asaoka method reveal that the magnitude of ultimate
settlement decreases and the degree of consolidation subsequently increases as a longer period of assessment is used in the
prediction. The degree of consolidation predicted by the piezometers is found to be in good agreement with the Asaoka method
for the early period of assessment. However as the assessment period increases, the piezometer indicates lower degree of consolidation
as compared to field settlement predictions. 相似文献
19.
针对真空预压作用下排水板淤堵与排水条件受限等问题,提出絮凝−真空−电渗联合加固法。首先通过沉降柱试验确定合适的有机絮凝剂,然后采用该絮凝剂,分别在 48 h（开始介入真空预压,固结度为0 ）、60 h（排水速率明显下降,固结度为60%）及 84 h（排水速率近乎 0,固结度为 80%）时介入电渗,开展不同电渗介入时间的絮凝−真空−电渗联合加固试验。试验从排水量、十字板剪切强度、含水率与孔压等对比分析联合加固的有效性,确定其最佳电渗介入时间。试验结果表明：当固结度为 80% 时介入电渗,絮凝−真空−电渗联合加固法能够有效地抑制排水速率减小的趋势,增长有效排水时间。同时,土体的抗剪强度和承载力亦得到大幅提升,孔压消散更加均匀。此外,在阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的作用下,初始排水速率快,在一定程度上使土体的渗透性得到提升,有效地解决了排水板淤堵问题,说明絮凝−真空−电渗联合加固法具有较强的优越性。 相似文献
20.
软土抗剪强度指标随固结度变化规律分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
常规的抗剪强度指标黏聚力c和内摩擦角φ无法准确描述堆载作用下任意固结度时软土的力学特性,而现有的考虑软土抗剪强度值随固结度增长的极限平衡法无法得出应力场、位移场等实际工程需要的数据,因此,基于理论推导和室内试验,对堆载作用下软土抗剪强度指标随固结度的变化规律进行了分析。对现有的2个计算公式进行了对比分析,得出它们具有等价性。从孔隙水压力的角度进行分析,提出了新的计算公式,并且得出内摩擦角随固结度单调递增,黏聚力随固结度单调递减的变化规律。当固结度一定且不为100%时,黏聚力与初始固结压力呈线性增长的关系,内摩擦角与其无关。室内试验表明,由于综合考虑了有效应力参数和总应力参数,新推导公式与试验结果吻合得更好,证明了新推导公式正确性和优越性。 相似文献