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1.
Frank-Dieter Grimm 《GeoJournal》1995,36(4):319-335
Before World War II Leipzig was one of the most important cities in Germany. Leipzig was a metropole holding the primate position in international trade fairs and in publishing. It was also the seat of the Supreme Court of Germany (since late 19th century). Under socialist dictatorship following the partition of the country after WW II the outstanding ranking was lost.The famous modest demonstration of the people of Leipzig in the fall of 1989 proved to be the main impetus of the velvet revolution, the marvelous turnaround eventually leading to the reunification of Germany, the key event for the gradual unification of all-Europe. From this moment the city of Leipzig started to regain a truely prominent position in the central European urban hierarchy. While some traditional functions may lag behind furtheron, as for example industrial production, services in particular in transportation, commerce and communication promise lasting booming. Correspondingly, construction activities are in full swing to thoroughly modernize the city core, to establish large scale economic foci (several giant distribution centers, the new fair grounds, the substantially up-graded airport, for example), and to catch up with the sub-urbanization process in modern housing which has been interrupted for half a century. The vigorious development of present-day Leipzig stands for the spirit of new hope which now is characteristic for vast areas in East-Central Europe. 相似文献
2.
Volker Heins 《GeoJournal》2000,52(1):37-44
The discourse of globalization suggests that territorial and cultural boundaries are increasingly insignificant or even disappearing in today's `world of flows'. More recently, this notion of borderlessness has also suffused broad reaches of the imagination of policy-makers and social scientists in the Western world. Thus, the term `global civil society' was coined to capture the experience and impact of transnational environmental and human rights activism. In this paper, however, it is argued that the concept remains both undertheorized and empirically dubious. In order to analytically `unpack' the concept, I provide a brief summary of an empirical research project on networks of new political organizations in South Asia and the West. The evidence assembled suggests the need to reconceptualize the geographies of transborder solidarity and concern beyond the rhetoric of global civil society. 相似文献
3.
SYLVI HALDORSEN PER JØRGENSEN MARTIN RAPPOL PETER A. RIEZEBOS 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1989,18(2):89-97
The clay mineral composition of a number of Saalian till samples from The Netherlands shows a large variation in smectite and illite abundances. The samples were selected according to their source area, as inferred from coarse erratic components. Specimens containing primarily rock fragments indicative of East and East-Central Baltic areas are associated with no or low smectite percentages in their clay fractions. Those with mainly flint and rock fragments indicative of the West Baltic areas have high smectite contents in the clay. In general the smectite-rich material is found in the lower portions of the Saalian till bed, whereas the smectite-poor occurs in the upper portions. The linkage between very fine and coarse till components in the upper smectite-free parts of the till suggests that this entire till has been subjected to englacial transport over distances of at least 1000 km. 相似文献
4.
Hans Knippenberg 《GeoJournal》2006,67(4):253-265
Historical processes of state formation and nation building are crucial for an understanding of the geography of religions
and churches in Europe. Each country has developed its own model of state-church relations, giving rise to a ‘bewildering
variety’ as Grace Davie aptly remarks. The aim of this paper is to bring some order to this variety by developing a framework
for the comparative study of church-state relations based on Stein Rokkan’s famous conceptual map and recent extensions of
it to Central and Eastern Europe by John Madeley. According to that framework Europe has been divided into three mono-confessional
(Roman Catholic, Lutheran, and Eastern Orthodox) blocs and two multi-confessional culture belts from Northwest to Southeast,
and from Northeast to Southeast. This historical pattern has been challenged by secularisation, which started with the Enlightenment
and the French Revolution (Western Europe) and the Russian Revolution (Eastern Europe until the velvet revolutions of 1989/1991)
and then became widespread after the ‘cultural revolutions’ of the 1960s. A second challenge has to do with globalisation
and its consequences, such as massive immigration and the rise of immigrant religions, and in general deterritorialisation,
which means the disembeddedness of religion from its national territory. A third challenge concerns reterritorialisation at
other (supranational, regional, transnational, and local) scales, of which the new territorial order of the European Union
seems to be the most important. Finally, this paper serves as an introduction to the case studies on church-state relations
in this special issue. 相似文献
5.
Milan Bufon 《GeoJournal》1993,30(3):235-240
The article represents an attempt to explore the dimensions of border landscapes on the basis of some recent theoretical and methodological geographical trends in approaching such kind of regions and in the case of a special part of the current Italo-Slovene transborder area — the Gorizia section. Here, the contradiction between the stability of trans-border cultural and social links and the lability of the political partition seems to be particularly sharp. As a consequence, the border population try to reproduce the traditional spatial and social milieu in which it used to live before changes in international political framework occurred. Field methods for the detection of local social and cultural trans-border relations are then introduced, disclosing both the extent and qualities of the Gorizia trans-border region. 相似文献
6.
Vaughan Robinson 《Geoforum》1995,26(4):411-427
Many in Western Europe regard it as being in the grip of a refugee crisis. This paper considers this contention. It describes the main stages in the development of the current refugee crisis and argues that having established the agenda in the 1940s, Western Europe has been able to progressively distance itself from refugee episodes and define them as essentially problems of the Third World. The end of the Cold War and the growth in numbers of spontaneous, rather than quota, refugees have been considerable shocks to the West, which can no longer contain and distance itself from refugee flows. Shock has led Europe to overreact and become myopic in its view of refugee matters. In reality, figures demonstrate that Wetern Europe is not the centre of refugee generation, applications or resettlement. Despite this, governments have taken draconian unilateral and multilateral action to exclude not only Third World asylum seekers but also those from the East. 相似文献
7.
Merje Kuus 《Geoforum》2007,38(2):241-251
This paper investigates the role of intellectuals in the production of geopolitical discourses. It analyzes how the cultural capital of humanist credentials and artistic aura functions to authenticate and legitimate geopolitical claims. Drawing empirically from Central Europe and especially Estonia, I argue that intellectuals are central to the production of a particular ‘cultural’ concept of geopolitics - the notion that foreign policy expresses the state’s and the nation’s identity. As cultural capital gives intellectuals a special license to speak about culture, it constitutes an essential component in geopolitical discourses in Central Europe.The paper contributes to Europeanist geography by clarifying the mechanisms through which Central Europe is cast externally and internally as a place particularly imbued with culture and identity - a place whose integration with the EU and NATO represents its cultural ‘return’ to Europe. It takes us beyond the romanticized notion of intellectuals - especially the formerly dissident ones - as ‘speaking truth to power’, and offers a more subtle account of their role as producers of power discourses.Beyond Central Europe, the paper underscores the political and cultural milieu of geopolitical claims and the specific structures of legitimacy through which these claims are justified and normalized. A nuanced understanding of the role of ‘culture’ in geopolitical discourses requires that we closely examine the cultural and moral capital of intellectuals. This would also enable us to better delineate human agency in the production of geopolitics. 相似文献
8.
Alexander B. Murphy 《GeoJournal》2008,72(1-2):7-18
The literature on multi-level governance in Europe offers important insights into the institutional character of emerging spaces of political practice and the ways in which they are part of a politics of scale that has been unleashed in the wake of neo-liberal reform. What is less clear is the extent to which new multi-level governance arrangements are moving Europe beyond a political geography rooted in the Westphalian state system. This paper argues that a deepened understanding of the possibilities and limitations of multi-level governance requires consideration of the emerging territorial arrangements and practices that are shaping how things are organized on the ground and how people conceptualize Europe as a geographical construct. Focusing on questions of territoriality and metageography can offer insights into the socio-political significance of multi-level governance while directing attention to developments that have the potential to undermine dominant political-territorial framings of Europe. 相似文献
9.
The paper discusses minorities and their problems along borders of post-WWII Europe and of nation states formed in the early 1990's. One focuses on the socio-geographic conditions of the territory settled by minorities. These territories are most often peripheral, less developed areas of the state and are, because of the constant ignorance of the local culture and language, conflict regions, where interests of the minority and majority population of the state, as well as of the neighboring countries clash. Finally, an attempt of a cross-cultural comparison is undertaken to distinguish among major elements of the minority (protection) arrangements of the Alpen-Adria region and of the areas along the long-time closed borders of Central Europe. 相似文献
10.
The fossil record of small-sized theropods in south-western Europe is scarce and fragmentary. In absence of more direct evidence, the oological record arises as an alternative source of information to infer biodiversity. In this regard, the controversial dinosaur eggshells from the Les Labadous locality in southern France are herein re-evaluated in the light of new material and current parataxonomic information. New data and analyses reveal a new eggshell type, Montanoolithus labadousensis oosp. nov., characterized by a unique combination of characters. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis reinforces the placement of the new oospecies as the sister taxon of the North American Montanoolithus strongorum, refusing the previous attribution of the Les Labadous remains to Elongatoolithidae. The combination of microstructural and phylogenetic results suggests that Montanoolithus labadousensis was likely produced by a dromaeosaurine dromaeosaurid, a taxonomic attribution that is consistent with the biodiversity of small-sized theropods at the latest Cretaceous of south-western Europe. 相似文献
11.
柴达木盆地北缘石灰沟晚石炭世的四射珊瑚 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青海省柴达木盆地北缘晚石炭世地层出露完好，四射珊瑚化方丰富。本文研究了该区晚石炭世四射珊瑚２６属，４９种和亚种，１０个未定种。自下而上建立了５个四射珊瑚组合带：１Ｌｉｔｈｏｓｔｒｏｔｉｏｎｅｌｌａ－Ｔｈｙｓａｎｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ组合带；２Ｃｇａｔｈａｘｏｍｉａ－Ｒｏｔｉｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ组合带；３Ｐｒｏｔｏｉｖａｎｏｖｉａ－Ａｍｐｌｅｘｕｓ组合带；４ＮｅｏｋｏｎｉｃｋｏＰｈｙｌｌｕｍ－Ｋｏｎｉｎｃｋｏｐｈｇｌｌａｍ组合带；５Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｚａｐｈｒｅｔｏｉｄｅｓ－Ｌｏｐｈｏｃａｒｉｎｏｐｈｙｌｌａｍ组合带。 相似文献
12.
《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2005,41(1-2):41-59
This article outlines geomorphological and tectonic elements of the Afar Depression, and discusses its evolution. A combination of far-field stress, due to the convergence of the Eurasian and Arabian plates along the Zagros Orogenic Front, and uplift of the Afar Dome due to a rising mantle plume reinforced each other to break the lithosphere of the Arabian–Nubian Shield. Thermal anomalies beneath the Arabian–Nubian Shield in the range of 150 °C–200 °C, induced by a rising plume that mechanically and thermally eroded the base of the mantle lithosphere and generated pulses of prodigious flood basalt since ∼30 Ma. Subsequent to the stretching and thinning the Afar Dome subsided to form the Afar Depression. The fragmentation of the Arabian–Nubian Shield led to the separation of the Nubian, Arabian and Somalian Plates along the Gulf of Aden, the Red Sea and the Main Ethiopian Rift. The rotation of the intervening Danakil, East-Central, and Ali-Sabieh Blocks defined major structural trends in the Afar Depression. The Danakil Block severed from the Nubian plate at ∼20 Ma, rotated anti-clockwise, translated from lower latitude and successively moved north, left-laterally with respect to Nubia. The westward propagating Gulf of Aden rift breached the Danakil Block from the Ali-Sabieh Block at ∼2 Ma and proceeded along the Gulf of Tajura into the Afar Depression. The propagation and overlap of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden along the Manda Hararo–Gobaad and Asal–Manda Inakir rifts caused clockwise rotation of the East-Central Block. Faulting and rifting in the southern Red Sea, western Gulf of Aden and northern Main Ethiopian Rift superimposed on Afar. The Afar Depression initiated as diffused extension due to far-field stress and area increase over a dome elevated by a rising plume. With time, the lithospheric extension intensified, nucleated in weak zones, and developed into incipient spreading centers. 相似文献
13.
Hailstorms represent one of the major sources of damage and insurance loss to residential, commercial, and agricultural assets in several parts of Central Europe. However, there is little knowledge of hail risk across Europe beyond local historical damage reports due to the relative rarity of severe hail events and the lack of uniform detection methods. Here we present a new stochastic catalog of hailstorms for Europe. It is based on satellite observations of overshooting cloud tops (OT) that indicate very strong convective updrafts and hail reports from the European Severe Weather Database (ESWD). Historic hail events are defined based on OT detections from satellite infrared brightness temperatures between 2004 and 2011 for the warm seasons (April–September). The satellite-based historical event properties are complemented by hailstone observations from ESWD to stochastically simulate more than 1 million individual events with an event footprint resolution of 10 km. The final hail event catalog presented in this paper is the first one with a spatial event distribution that is based on a single homogeneous observation source over Europe. Areas of high hail probability or hail risk are found over Central and Southern Europe, including mountainous regions such as the Alps or the Pyrenees. Another region of relatively high hail risk is present over central Eastern Europe. 相似文献
14.
15.
The challenge of peripheral ports: an Asian perspective 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The growth of ports peripheral to the dominant container hubs has been well documented in North America and Europe, and has led to the elaboration of several theoretical models. This paper applies these models to the situation in South East Asia where much of the growth in containerisation is taking place. While confirming the emergence of several peripheral ports that are mounting challenges to the major hubs, we demonstrate that the factors behind the challenges are different to those postulated in the literature. Issues of governance arising out of the complex restructuring of the global ports industry are singled out. We suggest that a new geography of container terminals based on management and operational strategies of private and public bodies involved in the port industry needs to be fashioned. 相似文献
16.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2003,22(15-17):1701-1716
We present the first area-average time series reconstructions of warmest month, coldest month and mean annual surface air temperatures across Europe during the last 12,000 years. These series are based on quantitative pollen climate reconstructions from over 500 pollen sites assimilated using an innovative four-dimensional gridding procedure. This approach combines three-dimensional spatial gridding with a fourth dimension represented by time, allowing data from irregular time series to be ‘focussed’ onto a regular time step. We provide six regional reconstructed temperature time series as well as summary time series for the whole of Europe. The results suggest major spatial and seasonal differences in Holocene temperature trends within a remarkably balanced regional and annual energy budget. The traditional mid-Holocene thermal maximum is observed only over Northern Europe and principally during the summer. This warming was balanced by a mid-Holocene cooling over Southern Europe, whilst Central Europe occupied an intermediary position. Changes in annual mean temperatures for Europe as a whole suggest an almost linear increase in thermal budget up to 7800 BP, followed by stable conditions for the remainder of the Holocene. This early Holocene warming and later equilibrium has been mainly modulated by increasing winter temperatures in the west, which have continued to rise at a progressively decreasing rate up to the present day. 相似文献
17.
The first record of the superfamily Trigonioidoidea (Order: Unionoida) from the Lower Cretaceous of Teruel, Spain is described and compared to known taxa from Europe and Asia. This is a new record of the Trigonioidoidea from Europe, following material described from the Barremian of the Isle of Wight (southern England) and Aptian-Barremian from Iberian Range (Spain). The new material, recorded from the Albian of the Escucha Formation (“Barriada” Member) in Utrillas (Teruel, northeastern of Spain), comprises four specimens. Analysis of the main morphological characters including anterior musculature, dentition, and ornamentation indicates that this material constitutes a new genus and species, Iberanaia iberica. The palaeoenvironment in which the bivalves lived corresponds to a fluvial-palustral setting connected to a deltaic system. 相似文献
18.
Keith Chapman 《Geoforum》1977,8(4):169-182
The oil and gas reserves of the North Sea have principally been regarded as sources of energy and little attention has been paid to their potential as raw materials for chemical manufacture. This paper reviews the technical and economic possibilities presented by the North Sea hydrocarbons as petro-chemical feedstocks. In particular, an attempt is made to predict changes which may occur in the geography of petro-chemical production in North West Europe if full advantage is taken of these possibilities. 相似文献
19.
Economic transition in central and eastern Europe (CEE) has had a particularly strong impact on industrial cities and regions. Following their economic collapse, most of them are now confronted with serious problems such as high unemployment and vast ecological damage. The paper presents findings from a pan European research project that investigated the problems of these cities and regions as well as the strategies being adopted to cope with structural change. It examines the differences in approaches and addresses the question whether existing EU policy is suitable for supporting the redevelopment of old industrial cities and regions in CEE countries. The paper concludes with recommendations for future directions in policy making. 相似文献
20.
The paper presents a synthesis of French and Bulgarian researches on the transition in villages in Central Eastern Europe.
The main points focus on three questions, the rural unemployment and the crisis of small towns, the demographical deterioration,
the new relations between villages and towns. A generalization of the rural central places' visual change and metaphors is
proposed, completed by a typology of rural settlements. The question of the rural administrative divisions is discussed, with
its implication for the future. As a whole the paper gives a contribution to the problematic of the likely development in
the rural evolution pattern throughout Europe.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献