共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
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枫香等3种植物水浸液灭螺效果的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对枫香、无患子、博落回等3种植物与枫杨、乌桕及其组合叶片水浸液抑螺效果在控温(25±1)℃和常温两种条件下进行了比较研究,同时初步研究了博落回不同部位水浸液的杀螺效果。结果表明:①在控温(25±1)℃和常温条件下,单一树种枫香、无患子、博落回叶片的水浸液均有较好的灭螺活性;②在相同的实验条件下,枫杨+乌桕+枫香等组合处理与单一植物材料水浸液的灭螺效果差异不显著,枫杨+乌桕组合对钉螺的抑制率略低于单一树种;(3)博落回不同部位灭螺效果有一定差异,根的灭螺效果明显低于叶和茎,不同部位的平均灭螺效果依次为:叶茎根。 相似文献
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在解析山丘区钉螺分布特征的基础上,提出了浅丘区的抑螺林划分及体系布局。结果表明:①该流域钉螺平均密度为4.05只/0.11m2,活螺框出现率为34.0%;②钉螺密度和活螺出现率均以林地最低,旱地其次,而水田、河滩、荒坡和沟渠较高;③不同环境类型活螺出现率依次为:洲滩>湖滩>沟>河>林地>塘。该区域的抑螺防病林可分为河渠抑螺林、坡地抑螺林、农田抑螺林和多功能抑螺林4种类型,各种林分类型在树种选择、组成、功能上各有不同,但抑螺林的布局必须以降低钉螺密度、减少人畜感染机率为主要目标,同时兼顾经济及生态效益。 相似文献
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滩地人工林营林措施对钉螺种群的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对滩地不同经营措施的杨树人工林内钉螺种群影响的长期定位观测和分析研究,结果显示：①在低海拔淹水时间达60天的滩地,采用挖沟抬垄整地是确保人工林造成功和有效抑螺的重要措施;②在幼林阶段,采用林农复合经营是抑螺防病林经营的有效措施;③随着林木的生长,树木对林地环境的改善强度加大,其对钉螺种群的抑制效果逐渐加强,使钉螺种群密度保持较低的水平。因此,对钉螺滋生的滩地采取针对性的造林技术和措施,即可增加林地的经济产出,更为重要的是可有效抑制钉螺的种群数量,同时辅以对家畜的管理,可使林地内的感染性钉螺隆至零,达到了滩地利用与抑制钉螺的双重目标。 相似文献
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血吸虫病的生态防治与抑螺防病林消除钉螺孳生环境机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
血吸虫病是发展中国家主要的寄生虫病之一,历史悠久,传播广泛,危害严重。研究表明,血吸虫是血吸虫病的病原体,哺乳类动物(终末宿主)和钉螺(中间宿主)是血吸虫的两个宿主。由于钉螺寄生终末宿主哺乳类动物种类多样,活动区域繁杂,人类难以控制,抑制中间寄主——钉螺的繁生便成了血吸虫病防治的有效对策。钉螺具有水陆两栖特性,其中卵的孵化、幼螺的生长发育离不开水。钉螺分布和数量受土壤和植被环境因素影响,并对栖息地具有严格的选择性。依据钉螺生物学和生态学特性,彭镇华和江泽慧提出通过林业生态工程对血吸虫病进行生态防治的思路——兴林抑螺。参照前人研究结果,综合分析了抑螺防病林改变钉螺孳生环境的机制:(1)在林木个体耗水、林分耗水、小流域耗水和林冠降低径流等方面,抑螺防病林降低了土壤水分含量,使得林地土壤水分无法满足钉螺的生长和发育条件;(2)从林木自身生物化学物质对钉螺外在生存和内部代谢环境影响角度,分析了林木自身代谢产物对抑制钉螺的生存和繁殖的作用及抑螺防病林抑制钉螺生存的生理生化机制。抑螺防病林除了具有抑制钉螺生长发育、控制血吸虫病的功能以外,还兼有人工林的多重效益。 相似文献
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抑螺防病林建设中生物材料的筛选及抑螺机理研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
血吸虫病是一种严重危害人们身体健康的重大传染病,林业血防生态工程建设是防治血吸虫病的有效手段,生物材料的筛选是林业血防建设的重要环节。阐述了抑螺防病林建设中生物(植物、微生物)材料筛选及研究进展,并从钉螺生理响应和解剖结构等方面系统分析了生物材料抑螺机理。 相似文献
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滩地人工林营林措施对钉螺种群的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对滩地不同经营措施的杨树人工林内钉螺种群影响的长期定位观测和分析研究,结果显示:①在低海拔淹水时间达60天的滩地,采用挖沟抬垄整地是确保人工林营造成功和有效抑螺的重要措施;②在幼林阶段,采用林农复合经营是抑螺防病林经营的有效措施;③随着林木的生长,树木对林地环境的改善强度加大,其对钉螺种群的抑制效果逐渐加强,使钉螺种群密度保持较低的水平。因此,对钉螺滋生的滩地采取针对性的造林技术和措施,即可增加林地的经济产出,更为重要的是可有效抑制钉螺的种群数量,同时辅以对家畜的管理,可使林地内的感染性钉螺降至零,达到了滩地利用与抑制钉螺的双重目标。 相似文献
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对采自中国东部亚热带地区的浙江天目山、江西庐山及江苏南京紫金山地区的金钱松(Pseudolarix kaemp feri)、冷杉(Abiesfab ricraib)及马尾松(Pinus massoniana)树轮,分别测定它们不同方位10 a、20 a及3 a树轮δ13C序列,探讨不同树种树轮δ13C存在的方位差异与年际变化普遍性。结果表明,在中国东部亚热带地区,树轮δ13C方位差异与年际变化存在普遍性。表现为3个地区、3个树种之间存在差异;同一地区不同树种及相同树种不同个体之间也存在差异;同一个体在相同年份存在方位差异及相同方位存在年际变化等;表明研究树轮δ13C的方位差异与研究其年际变化同样具有重要价值与意义。 相似文献
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干旱区新垦绿洲人工防护林土壤物理特性及其生态意义 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
结合灌溉量和树种特征,分析了新垦绿洲克拉玛依农业开发区3个不同树种人工防护林带下土壤容重、总孔隙度、饱和含水量和含水量变化。结果表明,各树种防护林带下土壤物理性质存在垂直变异,其中土壤容重基本呈随着土层深度增加而逐渐增加的趋势,树种种类对土壤容重的影响不大;饱和含水量随着土层深度增加基本呈逐渐降低的趋势,树种种类对土壤饱和含水量影响不大;土壤总孔隙度在不同土层间均存在显著差异。俄罗斯杨和胡杨林带下土壤含水量均呈现出随土层深度增加而增加的趋势。在灌溉量相等且灌溉后经过相同时间的条件下,不同树种林带下在同一土层的土壤含水量存在差异,而在同一树种林带下,灌溉量大小对土壤含水量有影响。从改良土壤结构的角度来说,在选择构建绿洲防护林体系树种时,俄罗斯杨、榆树、胡杨林这3个树种具有同样的优势;从节约用水的角度来说,在防护林树种选择中胡杨比俄罗斯杨的优势大。 相似文献
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With the goal of model fitting species abundance distribution patterns of the tree, shrub and herb layers of the natural Toona ciliata community in Xingdoushan Nature Reserve, Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province, we used the data collected from the field survey and employed different ecological niche models. The models tested were the broken stick model (BSM), the overlapping niche model (ONM) and the niche preemption model (NPM), as well as three statistic models, the log-series distribution model (LSD), the log-normal distribution model (LND) and the Weibull distribution model (WDM). To determine the fitted model most suitable to each layer, the fitting effects were judged by criteria of the lowest value of Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Chi-square and the K-S values with no significant difference (P>0.05) between the theoretical predictions and observed species abundance distribution values. The result showed: (1) The fitting suitability and goodness of fit of the tree, shrub and herb layers by using the three ecological niche models were ranked as: NPM>BSM>ONM. Of the three statistical models, by accepting the fitting results of the three layers, WDM was the best fitting model, followed by LND. By rejecting the fitting tests of the herb layer, LSD had the worst fitting effect. The goodness of the statistical models was ranked as: WDM>LND>LSD. In general, the statistical models had better fitting results than the ecological models. (2) T. ciliata was the dominant species of the tree layer. The species richness and diversity of the herb layer were much higher than those of either the tree layer or the shrub layer. The species richness and diversity of the shrub layer were slightly higher than those of the tree layer. The community evenness accorded to the following order: herb>shrub>tree. Considering the fitting results of the different layers, different ecological niche models or statistical models with optimal goodness of fit and ecological significance can be given priority to in studying the species abundance distribution patterns of T. ciliata communities. 相似文献
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树轮密度对气候的响应及重建研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
树轮密度是重建过去气候变化的重要代用指标。过去几十年,国内外学者针对树轮密度开展了大量的研究工作,取得了丰硕的成果。论文收集了国内外有关树轮密度的研究文献,从树轮密度对气候变化的响应和气候重建等方面进行了概述。尽管树轮密度对气候变化的响应可能受到样点的地理位置、地形(如海拔、坡向等)、树种等因素的影响,但湿冷地区树轮晚材最大密度能较好地反映生长季或生长季末期温度变化;而干旱地区的早材平均密度能揭示生长季早期的降水变化。因此,目前大多数研究以重建生长季或生长季末期温度为主,也有重建降水量、海平面气压变化的案例。此外,重建方程的方差解释量存在空间和树种间的差异,但这些差异需要更多的研究工作加以验证。最长的重建序列来自于欧洲,长达2018 a;国内基于树轮密度重建的最长温度序列来自于西南地区,长达449 a。另外,树轮密度序列在对温度响应的分异性问题以及评估强火山喷发的降温效应方面还存在争议。其争议源于树轮密度与温度关系还受到其他环境变量与人为因素的影响,因此今后研究还需关注树轮密度与降水、光照等其他气候变量的关系,同时也要注重树种、海拔、实验方法等非气候因子的影响。 相似文献
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Environmentally-driven paedomorphosis, the retention of juvenile characteristics by adults, is an overlooked alternative to adaptive genetic hypotheses regarding shell colour in landsnails. We previously considered two adaptive explanations of shell-colour polymorphism in the desert landsnailTrochoidea simulata, namely temperature and predation. However, neither of these factors adequately explained this colour variation. We subsequently described the importance of available CaCO3as the driving force underlying colour variation in this species. Here we consider the consequences of differential access to CaCO3by individuals of different colour morphs. We describe variation in shell shape of different colour morphs, and conclude that shell-colour variation in this species is a consequence of paedomorphosis in brown individuals. Individuals may change colour ontogenetically from brown to white, while some remain brown-shelled throughout their lives. Brown snails, like juveniles, are thin- and flat-shelled, and have relatively larger apertures than white snails. This paedomorphosis is environmentally-based, being correlated with soil CaCO3content. 相似文献
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以南岭山地不同海拔高度的冠层树种为研究对象,通过无人机遥感手段获取冠幅、冠周长和冠面积（CA）等树冠性状,探讨其与基径（BD）、胸径（DBH）、2米径（D2）和4米径（D4）等树干性状间的关联性,并构建了冠面积与树干性状间的回归方程。结果表明：南岭山地树冠性状与树干性状的典型变量显著相关（R=0.89,P<0.01）,并且这种相关性随海拔的升高（600 m到1 600 m）总体呈“M”型变化。其中,冠面积与树干性状间的相关性最高,可作为单一自变量反演树干性状,具体方程为：DBH=0.35CA+14.88（R2=0.67）,BD=0.41CA+17.89（R2=0.82）,D2=0.33CA+14.14（R2=0.84）,D4=0.35CA+11.3（R2=0.86）。文章构建的冠面积与树干性状间的回归方程,可作为南岭山地森林生物量遥感反演的基础,也可用于指导南岭森林生态系统的长期监测。 相似文献
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Gufu Oba Inger Nordal Nils C. Stenseth Jrn Stave Charlotte S. Bjor Josphat K. Muthondeki William K. A. Bii 《Journal of Arid Environments》2001,47(4):499
In the arid zone of central Turkana, north-western Kenya, where soil salinity affects 15–20% of the rangelands, growth performances of trees planted in saline soil rehabilitation trials have not been evaluated. Tree-planting trials have emphasised exotic species over indigenous ones. However, advantages and disadvantages of promoting exotic tree species have not been examined. The current study was aimed at evaluating growth performance of seven exotic and nine indigenous tree species used in saline soil rehabilitation trials. The tree species were established from 6-month-old saplings using microcatchments (FT1) from 1988 through 1990 and pitting treatment (FT2) from 1989 through 1992. The soils in FT1 and FT2 treatments were moderately to highly saline. The exotic tree species produced greater cover and volume during the first year (FT1) but by the second year, production was not sustained due to greater mortality (FT1 & FT2). The indigenous species in general had higher survival rates. Relative growth rates (RGR) of exotic and indigenous species did not differ (FT1 & FT2). Tree mortality was negatively correlated with RGR for exotic species in FT1 but not for indigenous ones. However, changes in plant performance were not in response to salinity alone. Rather, water scarcity superimposed on soil salinity might have influenced plant growth performance. Greater water and salinity stress and subsequently greater mortality in exotic species provided a more convincing reason for promotion of indigenous tree species. In the future, knowledge of salinity distribution and selection of indigenous species to match this will be a better way of rehabilitating sites affected by soil salinity in the arid zone of central Turkana, north-western Kenya. 相似文献