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中国海域海相中生代油气 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
我国近海沉积盆地已发现的油气大部分产于陆相第三系。随着勘探工作尤其是地球物理勘探的逐步深入，在我国东海南部和南海北部陆坡深水海区，包括潮汕坳陷和台西南盆地的地震调查对可能存在的海相中生代地层的了解已取得了突破性进展。调查成果结合区域地质背景，认定海相中生代沉积主要来自由西而东的特提斯入侵。而寻找海相油气将会成为我国海域油气勘探的重大目标。 相似文献
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海洋生态系统能够提供各种生态服务,对人类的生存与发展具有重要意义。然而随着对海洋开发强度的增加,尤其近些年大型涉海工程的建设,给海洋生态带来严重威胁。作为一项世界级的大型海洋交通工程,渤海跨海通道项目从20世纪90年代初提出至今已经历近30年的时间。为深入探讨其建设可能给海洋生态带来的风险,本文从海洋污染、水下噪音、人造光、微塑料等几个方面分析和讨论了其可能给海洋生物的生理、行为、迁移以及海洋保护区及其周边渔业管理等带来的影响,并在此基础上提出了海洋通道建设影响评估框架,以期为跨海通道建设评估提供理论依据和参考。 相似文献
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José Guerreiro Aldo Chircop David Dzidzornu Catarina Grilo Raquel Ribeiro Rudy van der Elst Ana Viras 《Marine Policy》2011
The increasing degradation of marine ecosystems has led to multiple calls for greater protection through the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs). If created at the ecosystem or ecoregion level, MPAs will likely straddle maritime boundaries and therefore necessitate international cooperation. International environmental law and international law of the sea may facilitate cooperation between States in creating transboundary MPAs. The extent to which this body of law is actually or potentially useful for the establishment of transboundary MPAs is examined in the context of the East African Marine Ecoregion, focusing on Mozambique, South Africa, and Tanzania. A general survey and assessment of the applicable global, regional, and bilateral instruments in relation to the three States is conducted. Although some global instruments are relevant in the East African context, regional and bilateral instruments are more conducive to the establishment of transboundary MPAs. The article concludes that although a trilateral agreement between Mozambique, South Africa, and Tanzania would be an ideal vehicle for the establishment of a transboundary network of MPAs addressing both national and ecoregional conservation interests, a separate solution at each border will be the first step towards this goal. 相似文献
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Hesni Majid Askari Rezaie-Atagholipour Mohsen Zangiabadi Somaye Tollab Mohammad Amin Moazeni Mostaf Jafari Hosein Matin Mohammad Talebi Zafarani Ghasem Ghorbanzadeh Shojaei Maht Motlaghnejad Abbas 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(12):43-51
Iranian nesting populations of the critically endangered hawksbill turtle(Eretmochelys imbricate) are some of the most important in the Indian Ocean. In this study, four of the most important hawksbill nesting grounds in the Persian Gulf, situated within three Iranian marine protected areas, were surveyed during nesting season,including Nakhiloo, Ommolgorm and Kharko Islands and the mainland beaches of the Naiband Marine-Coastal National Park(NMCNP). We present GIS maps of these key nesting grounds and describe sand texture of key nesting zones, along with conservation recommendations. About 9.2(28.3%) out of 32.5 km of all shores surveyed in this study were used by nesting hawksbill turtles follows: Nakhiloo: 1.4 km(52% of potential nesting area);Ommolgorm: 1.94 km(40%); Kharko: 3.4 km(28%), and NMCNP: 2.46 km(18.9%). The average nesting density was calculated as 131 nests/km at Nakhiloo, 76 nests/km at Ommolgorm, 7 nests/km at Kharko, and 15 nests per km at NMCNP. Highest nesting density was observed in Nakhiloo and Ommolgorm. It is thought that high hawksbill nesting density in these islands seems likely a result of limiting adequate nesting shores rather than the size of population, and also low density in Kharko and NMCNP more related to past and current pressures and low population density. With the exception of Ommolgorm Island, sands at the nesting grounds were well sorted.Grain size indicated that female hawksbill turtles in the Iranian Persian Gulf nest in sands that are generally mixed, with mean grain size ranging from coarse sands(0.4Φ;～0.5–1 mm) to fine sands(2Φ;～0.25 mm). We provide and discuss conservation recommendations and suggestions for future. 相似文献
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RC Babcock 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):360-373
Abstract The Leigh Marine Laboratory (LML) has taken full advantage of its location on the shores of one of the world's first no-take marine reserves. The foresight of the founders of the laboratory has enabled the pursuit of ecological studies that have been amongst the first to demonstrate the effectiveness of reserves as a tool for conservation and restoration. The insights flowing from this work at Leigh are important, not only for targeted marine species, but also at the ecosystem level, and have proven to be highly relevant to broader resource management issues. Novel methodologies have been employed in the pursuit of these aims, helping to popularise their wider use. More recent work has focused on understanding the processes underlying the variability in response to marine conservation in marine reserves across the spectrum of coastal marine habitats in New Zealand. The LML has probably exceeded the expectations of its founders, who hoped the laboratory might generate information of interest in the fields of ‘resource management, food web dynamics and natural fluctuations distinct from man-induced changes’, and its contribution in the field of marine conservation has been significant both within New Zealand and internationally. This has been a 50-year journey that has gone from a focus on local effects of conservation to the broader context, from direct effects of protection to indirect effects, and from small-scale spatial conservation management to ecosystem-based management. 相似文献
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山东省渤海海洋保护区典型海域表层海水微生物群落多样性分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
海洋微生物在生态系统循环中发挥重要作用。为系统了解山东省渤海海洋保护区表层海水微生物群落多样性,作者利用Illumina高通量测序及生物信息学分析技术研究了12个水体样本的菌群构成和多样性特征。实验结果表明,山东渤海海洋保护区典型海域表层海水微生物群落丰富,12个水体样品OTU分属于25门、56纲、103目、163科、227属;门、纲、目、科、属分类等级上的优势类群分别为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(57.95%)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)(21.88%)、黄杆菌目(Flavobacteriales)(4.31%)、红细菌科(Rhodobacteraceae)(10.68%)、Candidatus portiera(7.94%);保护区内表层海水微生物具有其独特的菌群特征和多样性。本研究结果为进一步认识海洋微生物多样性与海洋生态环境保护的关系奠定了基础。 相似文献
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我国滨海旅游度假区开发的文化问题思考 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
滨海旅游度假文化是海洋文化的一个组成部分,是现代滨海开发地区为度假旅游者创造的一种旅游文化。这种文化的度假性、开发性、外向性和崇商性,是滨海旅游度假区吸引度假旅游者的关键所在。为使滨海旅游度假文化建设持续地发展,除生态的、技术的原则外,在滨海旅游度假区规划设计时应遵循整体性、时代性、审美性和赢利性原则。 相似文献
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为促进中国对南极事务的深入参与以及贯彻落实海洋强国战略,文章概述现有两大南极海洋保护区设立谈判与制度建设中的各项法律争议,分析设立南极海洋保护区的法律困境及其影响因素,并提出突破路径以及中国参与设立南极海洋保护区的对策建议。研究结果表明:法律依据的不足、科学证据的匮乏、具体规章制度的短缺以及对《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》第二条权威解释的欠缺是设立南极海洋保护区所面临的主要法律困境,而导致以上困境出现的关键因素涉及政治立场、经济利益、国际法理论和全球公海保护区实践;进一步深化国家管辖范围外区域海洋生物多样性国际协定与南极治理机制的协调适用以及全方位促进南极海洋保护区养护措施的实施和完善是突破困境的核心策略;中国作为《南极条约》协商国,应积极推动国内南极立法、加强南极海洋生态环境等领域的科学研究以及鼓励国内非政府组织加入设立南极海洋保护区的国际议程,积极参与讨论并明确表达立场与主张,进一步融入南极治理的非政府联盟,提高中国在南极海洋保护区设立中的国际话语权,更好地维护国家权益。 相似文献
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中国近海区域古菌群落结构研究概述 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
古菌作为海洋微生物的重要组成部分,是海洋生态系统中物质与能量传递的重要贡献者,在全球生物地球化学循环中扮演着不可或缺的角色。虽然目前绝大多数的古菌尚未获得纯培养,但近年来分子生物学技术的发展使人们认识到古菌参与甚至主导了海洋生源要素循环的关键过程。本文介绍了目前研究海洋古菌多样性的主要手段,包括:荧光定量PCR、16S rRNA基因扩增子高通量测序、宏组学以及单细胞测序等技术,系统地阐述了中国近海不同区域(包括辽河口、黄河口、渤海、南北黄海、长江口、东海北部、珠江口以及南海区域)海水及沉积物中的古菌群落结构和多样性特征。研究表明我国近海地区的主要古菌类群为广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)、奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota)、乌斯古菌门(Woesearchaeota)和深古菌门(Bathyarchaeota)等,其生物地理学分布主要受到环境因子和距离因素的影响,且在河口和近海海域呈现出完全不同的分布特点。在此基础上,对未来的研究方向进行展望,为全面深入了解我国边缘海生态系统中古菌群落及其参与的生物地球化学循环奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Laurel A. Zahn Jeremy T. Claisse Jonathan P. Williams Chelsea M. Williams Daniel J. Pondella II 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(4):770-785
Understanding species distributions and their community structure is increasingly important when taking an ecosystem‐based approach to conservation and management. However, knowledge of the distribution and community structure of species in mid‐range trophic levels (e.g. macroinvertebrates) is lacking in most marine ecosystems. Our study aimed to examine the spatial distribution and community‐level biogeographic patterns of common kelp forest–rocky reef macroinvertebrates in Southern California and to evaluate the effects of environmental gradients on these communities. Quantitative SCUBA surveys were used to estimate macroinvertebrate densities at 92 sites from 2008–2012. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling was used to evaluate spatial patterns of macroinvertebrate communities among Regions. We found that kelp forest–rocky reef macroinvertebrate communities are distinct among different island and mainland regions, and their community patterns exhibited a strong relationship with an environmental gradient (i.e. sea surface temperature) even after controlling for geographic distance between sites. High abundances of urchin species (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) were strong drivers of regional differences. Macroinvertebrate community patterns were driven by characteristic species that were typically more prevalent at warmer or colder sites. Our results provide the first quantitative analysis of macroinvertebrate community structure within the California kelp forest ecosystem. We also describe the distribution and abundance of 92 conspicuous kelp forest‐rocky reef macroinvertebrates among nine pre‐defined Regions. This study provides important preliminary information on these macroinvertebrate species that will be directly useful to inform management of invertebrate fisheries and spatial protection of marine resources. 相似文献
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本文通过研究区5个钻孔松散沉积岩心磁性地层的划分对比,获知布容与松山极性带的界线,南黄海和陆区北部位于80.0—99.5m。陆区的南部此界线于270.4m深处。松山和高斯极性带的界线,海区未揭露到,其沉积起始时间都小于1.7Ma。而陆区的南、北部分别位于117m和328.2m。高斯和吉尔伯特极性带的界线,陆区北部为140m,而南部区为460.15m。沉积起始时间为3.4Ma。吉尔伯特底界仅北部陆区所揭示,为190.5m。松散沉积层与下伏白垩纪(?)石灰岩接触面位于400.35m,沉积起始时间约17.0Ma。 相似文献
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为海洋监测设备实验水槽的设计和模型实验的开展提供动力环境方面的依据,分析了中国近海和各大洋典型海域浪、流、风等环境要素的特征,对中国近海给出环境要素特征量的平均值和最大观测值,对大洋给出统计的最大概率对应的要素值和1%概率大值;模拟能力评估显示,实验水槽对浪、流、风均具有很好的模拟能力,可满足今后对海洋监测设备开展的各类模型实验需要。 相似文献
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浙江沿岸海产品中有机氯农药的残留水平 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
1998年、2001年和2003年分别在浙江沿岸13个地区采集了53种海产品,采用GC-9A气相色谱仪对其进行了有机氯农药(HCH和DDT)残留量的检测,对不同类别海产品中HCH和DDT残留在浙江沿岸的分布状况以及有机氯农药异构组分分布的特点进行了分析,结果表明:(1)浙江沿岸海产品普遍受到HCH和DDT的污染,多数生物体内DDT的含量比HCH含量高,鱼类体内HCH含量高于软体动物和甲壳动物体内HCH的含量,而软体动物体内DDT的含量则高于鱼类和甲壳动物体内的DDT含量;(2)不同类别海产品(尤其是鱼类)体内HCH和DDT的残留量在浙江沿岸分布的差异较大,杭州湾、象山湾和乐清湾海产品体内HCH和DDT的残留量较高,而浙南的南麂和东部的普陀海产品体内HCH和DDT的残留量则较低;(3)1998年至2003年,浙江沿岸海产品中HCH含量呈微弱下降趋势,而DDT含量却呈现上升趋势(上升了107%);(4)2003年,浙江沿岸海产品中p,p′-DDT100%检出,其降解产物p,p′-DDD和p,p′-DDE也普遍检出,p,p′-DDT/ΣDDT明显升高,因此在浙江沿岸海域可能还存在DDT新的污染源;(5)浙江沿岸海产品中以p,p′-DDE的含量为最高,但与一些发达国家相比,其有机氯农药尚处于较低的水平。 相似文献
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保护地球生物资源的国际性公约——《生物多样性公约》对遗传资源作出指引性的规定。海洋遗传资源作为其中的一类,可以存在于国家管辖范围外水体及海床、底土。处于不同空间位置的海洋遗传资源如果适用不同的法律制度,需要明确水体、海床与底土界线划分。从《联合国海洋法公约》、《生物多样性公约》、《名古屋议定书》和《波恩准则》关于海洋遗传资源的规定来看,现行国际法框架下针对此问题可以有多种方案,且部分规定存在非适用性的问题。面对未来,需要从海洋遗传资源界定、惠益分享方式等方面设计具体制度,确保国家管辖范围外海洋遗传资源为全人类共享。 相似文献