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1.
食物生产是影响温室效应气体排放的重要方面,由于食物类型不同其碳排强度存在较大的差异,因此当前中国居民食物消费快速演替必然会对生态碳环境产生重要影响。论文利用洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数,研究1997—2016年中国城乡居民食物消费在生产过程中碳排放时空演变及其主要驱动因子。主要结论如下:① 在数量上,中国居民食物消费碳排放总量和人均量整体都呈现逐渐的增长刚性,但仍属于低碳消费模式;② 在结构上,各类型食物碳排放演变呈现显著的分异态势,整体上动物性食物碳排放增长速度快于植物性食物碳排放减少速度;③ 在城乡差异上,城镇和乡村居民食物消费碳排放在数量、结构和趋势上表现出显著的城乡二元属性,但近年城乡差异表现出减缓趋势;④ 在空间上,各地食物消费碳排放呈现较显著的民族性、地域性、集聚性和中心“塌陷”的特征,碳排放密度高值主要分布在直辖市和沿海经济相对发达地区;⑤ 在驱动力上,结构演替是全国居民食物消费碳排放总量整体变化的主要驱动因素,而人口数量是各地地域空间差异分布的主要驱动因子。  相似文献   

2.
余凤龙  黄震方  陆林  尹寿兵 《地理学报》2016,71(12):2233-2249
农村居民旅游消费的兴起和行为变迁是乡村转型的组成部分,也是新常态下推进农村居民消费和旅游业转型升级的重要依托。构建嵌入农村家庭结构的旅游行为机制分析框架,以苏南农村地区为例,运用多分类Logit回归等方法,探讨发达地区农村家庭旅游目的地选择行为特征与机制。研究表明:① 农村家庭旅游目的地选择以周边地区为主,流向呈现近距离指向性,旅游行为意向较强,旅游消费结构有待完善,旅游行为存在收入、教育和乡村性上的差异;② 经济、文化和家庭乡村性对旅游行为有着显著影响,且经济和文化可能存在“拐点”效应,拐点前后旅游行为存在较大差异;感知旅游行为控制与旅游行为认同是内在心理因素,旅游行为存在不同影响强度与方向的棘轮效应、示范效应、敏感效应和预防效应;③ 农村家庭旅游目的地选择行为是心理、经济、文化和乡村城镇化等多重因素综合作用的结果,农村城镇化发挥着“持续强化效应”,经济收入和文化水平发挥着“倒U型阶段效应”,消费心理发挥着“双向均衡效应”。研究尝试挖掘中国特色的旅游研究问题,并引导和优化农村居民旅游行为。  相似文献   

3.
"美丽冰冻圈"融入区域发展的途径与模式   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
杨建平  哈琳  康韵婕  肖杰  陈虹举  贺青山 《地理学报》2021,76(10):2379-2390
在探讨“美丽冰冻圈”内涵的基础上,从自然属性与社会经济两个层面、致利与致害两条线,分析了“美丽冰冻圈”与区域可持续发展的关系,“美丽冰冻圈”、区域社会经济发展、人类福祉构成冰冻圈—人类社会经济复合命运共同体。基于中国冰冻圈要素及其变化影响的区域差异性,选取祁连山—河西地区、青藏高原三江源地区、横断山大香格里拉地区,分别代表冰冻圈水资源影响区、冰冻圈灾害影响区、冰冻圈旅游经济区,围绕冰冻圈水资源服务与绿洲经济、雪灾害风险与畜牧业经济、冰雪旅游与区域经济等核心问题,从冰冻圈资源服务与灾害风险视角,详细阐述了冰冻圈融入不同区域发展的途径与模式。在干旱半干旱内陆地区,冰冻圈主要以水源涵养、水量供给与径流调节服务,融入绿洲社会经济发展,是一种冰冻圈水资源支撑型区域发展模式;在青藏高原高寒区,冰冻圈生态环境决定了畜牧业经济的脆弱性,冰冻圈灾害负向影响畜牧业经济,是一种冰冻圈生态支撑+灾害影响型区域发展模式;在冰冻圈旅游经济区,直接依托冰雪资源发展冰雪旅游业,是一种基于冰冻圈资源的旅游经济驱动型区域发展模式。  相似文献   

4.
消费升级时代孕育了生活性服务新业态,改变了生活服务业的城市空间格局。论文以菜市场作为生活服务空间的代表,选取武汉市这一中国城市消费升级样本及城市疫后复苏“风向标”作为典型案例区,结合GIS空间计量和STATA统计分析,探讨菜市场综合体系的形成过程、类型差异和影响因素。研究发现:① 武汉市菜市场经历了传统农贸市场主导—零售新业态扩张—社区尺度回落的历程,形成以大卖场生鲜部、农贸市场、生鲜超市及社区菜场为主的复合型生活服务空间,并在疫后展现出一定韧性;② 武汉市菜市场整体上由双核心向多核心转变,由城市中心向外围延伸,且呈现出农贸市场“团簇状”、生鲜超市“条型”、大卖场“点状”、社区菜场“蝶形”的分类型差异化格局;③ 全业态菜市场布局受社会、经济、区位和发展基础影响显著,传统业态受市场和区位要素影响显著,零售新业态受经济要素和前期菜市场集聚程度的影响显著,且消费升级态势下新建菜市场选址更加偏好购物中心代表的体验式消费场所。研究结果对于丰富现代菜市场体系的类型研究,拓展城市生活服务空间研究的学科视域具有一定理论意义,同时对于优化城市生活服务空间结构以满足居民日益增长的美好生活需要和服务品质追求具有一定现实价值。  相似文献   

5.
欠发达农区外出务工规模及影响因素分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据对河南省农区十村11251 户农户的入户调查资料,认为农民外出务工的数量与规模是经济因素、家庭 因素和环境因素综合作用的结果。多元回归模型显示:①外出务工经济收益与成本、家庭人口状况、农户家庭经营 地、农户家庭生活性支出等正向影响农户外出务工的规模;②农区家庭劳动力文化状况中,初中及以下学历人数正 向影响农区外出务工的规模,高中及以上学历人数负向影响农区外出务工的规模;③环境因素中,经济水平因子对 农区外出务工规模的影响是正向的,地形、通达性和土地类型等三个因子对农区外出务工规模的影响是负向的。  相似文献   

6.
潘竟虎  魏石梅  张蓉  杨亮洁 《地理学报》2022,77(10):2494-2513
利用腾讯迁徙数据构建居民城际出行网络,分析了不同时段、不同交通方式下中国居民城际出行网络的空间结构特征以及主要城市群的对内、对外居民城际出行模式。研究发现,2018年中国居民城际出行网络呈“东密西疏”空间分布格局,形成以京、沪、穗—深、蓉—渝等高中心性城市为顶点的顶层跨区级“钻石型”网络结构。“春运”时段城际出行的重心相较日常出行更偏向于西南,居民城际日均出行规模亦高于其他时段,特殊节假日城际出行具有显著的空间邻近效应。不同出行方式下的出行人口、出行范围和出行交通网络差异显著,航空、铁路、公路出行分别承担国家级、区域级和地方级城际出行的人口集散。主要城市群对内出行网络呈现“核心—邻近—边缘”空间格局,以多中心双核出行模式为主,对外出行网络则呈现“跨区—邻域—地方”的格局,以单中心单核出行模式为主。  相似文献   

7.
人类对生态系统的过度利用使得维持生态系统服务功能和食物消费需求间的矛盾日益突出。哈萨克斯坦作为全球生态问题最突出的国家之一,人地、草畜矛盾非常严峻。因此,探究哈萨克斯坦食物消费模式及影响因素,进而提高食物消费可持续性、维持生态系统服务功能显得尤为重要。本文以2012年、2016年哈萨克斯坦食物消费数据为基础,通过对消费模式的划分及其变化分析,得到了以下主要结论:受消费习惯、食物供给和社会经济发展影响,哈萨克斯坦存在三种食物消费模式,分别为以奶、谷物消费为主的模式,以奶、谷物和肉类为主的模式,以奶、谷物、肉类、蔬果消费为主的模式,三种消费模式特征差异明显,分别分布在哈萨克斯坦的北、中、南地区;值得注意的是,哈萨克斯坦的食物消费有向以奶、谷物和肉类为主的模式变化的趋势。面对不同的食7品消费模式及其变化趋势,政府可通过转变食物生产观念、加大国内外区域间交流合作来增加当地居民的福祉。  相似文献   

8.
“文—旅”产业融合发展为产业结构高质量转型、空间统筹优化和区域经济韧性提升赋能。在由“宏观—中观—微观”三维尺度复合而成的城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展理论基础上,论文构建了城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展评价指标体系,以长江中游城市群为研究对象,借助耦合协调模型和极化指数模型对2010—2019年区域“文—旅”产业融合发展水平进行测算并分析其空间效应,并探究该区域“文—旅”产业融合发展的驱动机制。结果显示:① 长江中游城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展的各子系统间具有较强的互动关系,但多数城市暂未达到良性发展状态;② 研究期内,长江中游城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展的空间效应表现出“极化效应”显著、“回程效应”与“扩散效应”微弱的特征;③ 长江中游城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展在空间上呈现以“武汉—长沙—南昌”为核心的“核心—边缘”结构;④ 长江中游城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展是在资源禀赋基础力、居民消费需求力、基础设施保障力、规模效益催动力、人力资源潜在力、经济发展拉动力“六力”共同驱动下形成的。最后,根据长江中游城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展现状,提出强化区域联动、瞄准核心驱动力等针对性建议,推动长江中游城市群区域一体化建设和地方经济高质量发展。  相似文献   

9.
基于EBA模型的中国碳排放稳健性影响因素研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
依据环境经济学理论,运用极值边界分析(the extreme bounds analysis, EBA)模型,拓展了Kaya恒等式,利用中国30个省际区域2001~2010年的面板数据,实证研究中国省际区域人均碳排放量“稳健性”的影响因素。结果表明,地方财政决算支出、产业结构、能源效率、能源消费结构、能源价格、客运量等6个因素对中国人均碳排放量具有抗干扰的“稳健性”显著影响,并根据实证结论提出了一些政策建议,如调整产业结构,控制高碳产业发展;优化能源消费结构,积极发展新能源和可再生能源;发展循环经济开发清洁技术,提高能源利用效率;提倡低碳生活,提倡低碳生活方式。这些建议为政府制定环境保护与经济发展政策提供经验证据和决策参考。  相似文献   

10.
基于北京、深圳、成都和中山4个具有代表性的城市抽样调查监测数据,采用计量模型探讨了新生代流动人口的回流意愿与区位选择特征及影响因素。结果表明:1)新生代流动人口具有较强的回流意愿,且不同类型(智力型、投资型和劳力型)在回流意愿和区位选择上存在显著差异。2)其回流意愿受个体“客观属性”(人口学因素、经济因素)与“主观感知”(经济地位感知、社会心理感知)双重影响,特别是人口学因素和社会心理感知。3)就回流区位选择而言,人力资本是影响其回流至户籍地所在省会城市最显著的因素;主观感知中的城市社会适应、家庭“心理成本”和家乡生活方式认同与其选择回流至户籍地所在的地级市显著相关;客观属性中的人口学因素(性别和年龄)、在外务工时间主要影响其回流至户籍地所在的县(市、区)或乡镇;经济因素中的个人收入对各类回流地的选择均有显著的影响。不同回流区位的选择是综合“生存”与“发展”两方面需求的结果。建议未来精准施策,尤其要注意地级市的人口回流;在重视吸引人才的同时,要进一步关注流动人口的社会适应问题,完善公共服务设施尤其是医疗、养老、子女入学等,推进城镇化持续健康发展。  相似文献   

11.
Research on ecosystem service consumption not only helps to reveal the utilization intensity and management level of the ecosystem in Guilin, but it also provides a scientific basis for ecosystem investment, trade, subsidies and taxation by the Guilin government departments. Based on household survey data of urban and rural ecological consumption, the physical quantity accounting method is adopted for multivariate statistical analyses, such as analysis of variance and multiple comparison. This analysis reveals the differences and changes in the consumption level, consumption structure and consumption pattern of the main ecological products in Guilin among the various counties. The results fit into four main themes. (1) The annual per capita consumption of the main ecological products in Guilin varies either extremely significantly or significantly among the counties, but the consumption level of ecological products varies according to the type of products. There are significant or extremely significant differences in the annual per capita consumption of cereals, melons and fruits, pork, poultry, beef and mutton, fresh eggs and milk between urban and rural residents. (2) There are extremely significant differences in the annual per capita consumption of fruits, pork, poultry, beef and mutton, fish, fresh milk and vegetable oil among urban residents in different counties. There are also extremely significant differences in the annual per capita consumption of cereals, pork, poultry and alcohol among rural residents in different counties, and significant differences in the annual per capita consumption of fresh eggs and milk. The consumption level of ecological products by urban and rural resident varies with the type of products. (3) The ecological consumption patterns of all counties in Guilin mainly follow the “cereal + vegetable + fruit + meat” pattern for urban residents and the “cereal + vegetable + meat” pattern for rural residents (except for the rural residents in Pingle, which show the “cereal + vegetable” pattern). The consumption structure of urban residents is better than that of rural residents. (4) There is a large gap between the ecological consumption of urban and rural residents in Guilin and China's recommended standards, except for cereals and meat. The main problems are excessive meat intake, and insufficient intake of dark vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk and fish. Therefore, we should make full use of forestland, grassland, water and other resources in the area, and vigorously develop fishery, fruit and vegetable production and herbivorous animal husbandry to meet people's ecological needs for dark fruits and vegetables, eggs, milk and fish in Guilin City.  相似文献   

12.
Animal husbandry and crop farming are specialized for development in separate areas on the Tibetan Plateau. Such a pattern of isolation has led to current concerns of rangeland and farming system degradation due to intensive land use. The crop-livestock integration, however, has been proven to increase food and feed productivity thorough niche complementarity, and is thereby especially effective for promoting ecosystem resilience. Regional synergy has emerged as an integrated approach to reconcile rangeland livestock with forage crop production. It moves beyond the specialized sectors of animal husbandry and intensive agriculture to coordinate them through regional coupling. Therefore, crop-livestock integration (CLI) has been suggested as one of the effective solutions to forage deficit and livestock production in grazing systems. But it is imperative that CLI moves forward from the farm level to the regional scale, in order to secure regional synergism during agro-pastoral development. The national key R & D program, Technology and Demonstration of Recovery and Restoration of Degraded Alpine Ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau, aims to solve the problems of alpine grassland degradation by building up a grass-based animal husbandry technology system that includes synergizing forage production and ecological functioning, reconciling the relationship between ecology, forage production and animal husbandry, and achieving the win-win goals of curbing grassland degradation and changing the development mode of animal husbandry. It is imperative to call for regional synergy through integrating ecological functioning with ecosystem services, given the alarming threat of rangeland degradation on the Tibetan Plateau. The series of papers in this issue, together with those published previously, provide a collection of rangeland ecology and management studies in an effort to ensure the sustainable use and management of the alpine ecosystems.  相似文献   

13.
There has been an obvious diurnal asymmetrical warming effect as a result of the overall climate warming in the Tibetan Plateau. To reduce the uncertainty caused by the diurnal asymmetrical warming effect on future food security predictions in the Tibetan Plateau, this study used winter highland barley (var. Dongqing No. 1) for the experimental materials, and the FATI (Free Air Temperature Increase) field open heating system to carry out a simulated diurnal asymmetrical warming experiment (AW: All-day warming, DW: Daytime warming, NW: Nighttime warming, CK: Control) for two growing seasons (2018-2019 and 2019-2020) at the Lhasa Agroecosystem Research Station. The growth characteristics and yield of Tibetan winter highland barley were investigated in this study. Compared to the control, all the AW, DW and NW treatments had significant effects on the phenological period of winter highland barley, with the advancement of the phenological phase and shortening of the whole growth period. The degree of influence was AW>NW>DW, and all the AW, DW and NW treatments shortened the interval from sowing to heading of winter highland barley and increased the interval from heading to maturity. The effect on the phenological phase was the most obvious for AW and reached a statistically significant level (P<0.05). During the generative growth phase, the biomass above-ground and plant height of winter highland barley had an increasing tendency under the different warming conditions. In the late growth period, the biomass above-ground and plant height of the NW treatment were significantly higher than those of the other treatments. In addition, the warming caused a decrease in the dry matter distribution proportions of leaves and stems at the mature stage, and an increase in the distribution ratios of roots and spikes; and the AW, NW and DW treatments increased grain yields by 16.4%, 24.6% and 9.5%, respectively, on average in the two years. The increasing effect on grain yields of the NW treatment reached a significant level compared with the control in 2019-2020 (t=-2.541, P=0.026). In terms of yield composition, the effective spike number and 1000-grain weight tended to increase. The grain number per spike tended to increase, except for the AW treatment, while panicle length and seed setting rate tended to decrease, except for the NW treatment. Therefore, the effects of different simulated diurnal asymmetrical warming treatments on the growth characteristics and yield of winter highland barley were variable in the Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

14.
尼玛扎西 《地理研究》2000,19(4):407-141
运用农牧业经济的指标,结合自然生态因子,运用GIS技术对西藏食物生产系统进行区划。结果分为农区、半农半牧区、牧区和农林牧区四个分区。并详述了4个分区的特点。  相似文献   

15.
Highland barley is an important staple food in the Tibet, and the Tibetan Plateau is experiencing obvious climatic warming. However, few studies have examined the warming effects on highland barley growth and biomass allocation under conditions of controlled experimental warming. This limits our ability to predict how highland barley will change as the climate changes in the future. An experiment of field warming at two magnitudes was performed in a highland barley system of the Tibet beginning in late May, 2014. Infrared heaters were used to increase soil temperature. At the end of the warming experiment (September 14, 2014), plant growth parameters (plant height, basal diameter, shoot length and leaf number), biomass accumulation parameters (total biomass, root biomass, stem biomass, leaf biomass and spike biomass), and carbon and nitrogen concentration parameters (carbon concentration, nitrogen concentration, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen concentration in root, stem, leaf and spike) were sampled. The low- and high-level experimental warming significantly increased soil temperature by 1.52 and 1.98 °C, respectively. Average soil moisture was significantly decreased by 0.03 m3 m-3 under the high-level experimental warming, while soil moisture under the low-level experimental warming did not significantly change. The low- and high-level experimental warming did not significantly affect plant growth parameters, biomass accumulation parameters, and carbon and nitrogen concentration parameters. There were also no significant differences of plant growth parameters, biomass accumulation parameters, and carbon and nitrogen concentration parameters between the low- and high-level experimental warming. Our findings suggest that the response of highland barley growth, total and component biomass accumulation, and carbon and nitrogen concentration to warming did not linearly change with warming magnitude in the Tibet.  相似文献   

16.
中国农村居民旅游消费特征与影响因素分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
余凤龙  黄震方  方叶林 《地理研究》2013,32(8):1565-1576
农村居民旅游消费水平的增强是扩大内需、统筹城乡发展的重要途径,有助于促进旅游业的可持续发展。分析中国农村居民旅游消费的发展阶段、消费特征及其变动趋势与影响因素,研究表明:① 农村居民旅游消费可以分为三个阶段:1999 年以前,旅游消费呈现快速发展的态势,人均消费水平较低;1999-2003 年,消费水平基本处于停滞状态;2003 年以后,旅游消费发展主要因出游人次增加而带来的规模扩张,人均消费增长迟缓。② 农村居民平均旅游消费倾向呈现波动性下降趋势,消费水平以滞后性消费为主,交通、住宿、餐饮和游览等消费比重持续下降,消费结构变动程度较强,消费层次较低,消费产品结构不合理。③ 农村居民收入、传统消费习惯和消费不确定性是影响旅游消费的主要因素,其中收入、消费习惯与旅游消费之间存在显著的正相关关系,居民收入的积极效应更强;消费不确定性与旅游消费之间存在显著的负相关关系,是影响旅游消费的消极因素;城镇居民旅游消费的示范效应不显著,但城乡旅游交流日益密切,其示范效应也不容忽视。  相似文献   

17.
应用ESDA并结合标准差指数(S)、变异系数(V)等方法,从空间相关的视角分析新疆各县市农林牧渔业人均产值的空间差异。结果显示:以农林牧渔业人均产值来计算的新疆县域间的农林牧渔业人均产值呈现北疆高于东疆、南疆的空间差异。2003-2012年间:新疆县域农林牧渔业人均产值的空间自相关测度Moran's I呈曲线性增减态势,表明农林牧渔业人均产值的空间集聚性呈曲线性波动,但农林牧渔业人均产值的年增长率逐年上升。从局部自相关分析来看,区域间呈现两个极端化较为明显,说明新疆农林牧渔业人均产值在空间分布上具有不均衡性。  相似文献   

18.
壤塘县大骨节病病区环境中硒的分布特征   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
大骨节病是一种地方性骨关节病,主要分布于环境低硒地区。目前,我国大部分地区大骨节病病情已经得到控制,病情相对活跃而严重的区域主要集中于青藏高原地区。四川省壤塘县地处青藏高原东南缘,大骨节病遍布全县各村且最低患病率不低于13.28%。本文选择不同病区采集了耕作土壤(0~20cm)、青稞、糌粑和饮用水等样品,并分析了样品含硒量与大骨节病病情的关系。结果表明:壤塘县大骨节病病区环境含硒水平很低,特别是病情比较严重的村子其环境含硒水平更低。耕作土壤和青稞籽粒含硒水平依次为中病区>重病区>极重病区。受制作过程中添加物的影响糌粑含硒水平为中病区>重病区≈极重病区。虽然不同饮水类型硒的水平存在差异,但是,极重病区饮用水中含硒量也低于中病区和重病区。大骨节病与当地环境因素特别是主要粮食和食物含硒量的关系非常密切。在低硒环境条件下,由于饮水仅对人体硒的摄入起辅助性的作用,因此,调节和改善环境低硒地带居民的膳食结构,增加外源性高硒食物的输入,减少人体对低硒环境因素的依赖性,将会对大骨节病的防治具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

19.
塔里木河流域农牧系统耦合协调度分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
赵俊  刘新平  刘向晖  田童 《干旱区地理》2015,38(5):1077-1084
种植业(农业系统中的小农业)和畜牧业是农业系统中的两大主要组成部分,其协调发展有利于现代农业的实现。塔里木河流域是新疆重要的农业生产区域,农牧耦合协调发展将有利于推动流域现代农业的进程,增加农牧民收入。在统计学"变异性系数"的基础之上对其进行改良,构建了塔里木河流域农牧系统的耦合度和耦合协调度模型,以2003-2014年的统计数据为基础,定量分析了流域农牧系统耦合度和协调度,得出以下结论:流域传统农业特征显著;流域农牧协调发展存在一定的难度;流域农牧耦合只是简单的初级耦合,农牧高级耦合发展后劲还不足;政策因素对流域农牧耦合影响较大。  相似文献   

20.
申元村 《地理学报》1992,47(6):489-498
本文以土地资源结构类型研究为基础,探讨了不同结构类型的功能,并以宁夏、甘肃干旱区为例说明之。  相似文献   

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