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1.
Peter Riisager Janna Riisager Niels AbrahamsenRegin Waagstein 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2002,131(2):91-100
Based on palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic results, 108 samples from 27 flows from Palaeogene flood basalts of Faroe Islands were chosen for whole-rock Thellier palaeointensity experiments. Altogether 90 samples were rejected due to either chemical alterations or typical multidomain (MD) behaviour evidenced by pTRM-tails. AF pre-treatment was used to reduce the effect of MD grains on Thellier experiments. Only five flows (18 samples) yielded acceptable palaeointensity estimates, with flow mean VDMs ranging from 3.5 to 7.4×1022 A m2. Modest selection criteria imposed on all published 5-160 Ma palaeointensity data left only 15 palaeomagnetic dipole moments: eight from whole-rock samples, six from submarine basaltic glass and one from single plagioclase crystals. More data are needed before the intriguing differences between results from different materials can be put into a geomagnetic context. 相似文献
2.
G. V. Zhidkov V. P. Shcherbakov A. V. Dolotov M. A. Smirnov A. A. Ovsyannikov P. Yu. Plechov 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(1):162-172
The reliability of the Thellier method for determining the paleointensity of a geomagnetic field is explored on recent igneous rocks of Kamchatka. The main magnetic mineral in the studied rocks is titanomagnetite with different degree of oxidation. It is obtained that the reliability of the results can be assessed based on the deviations of the check points of the partial thermoremanent magnetization (pTRM) during the Thellier experiment. Besides, for different rocks, it is found that the stability of titanomagnetites to heating during the experiments can be insufficient for validating the reliability of the results of paleointensity determination; however, at the same time, the reliability may depend on the initial (oxidation) state of the magnetic minerals of the studied rocks. 相似文献
3.
Jordanova N. Jordanova D. Petrovský E. Kovacheva M. 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2001,45(3):297-318
Rock magnetic investigations of archaeological materials of burnt clay from Eneolithic ovens (4500 years BC) showed particular changes with time in the magnetic mineralogy of samples, stored under normal conditions. Our results indicate that well-burnt clay from the archaeological materials contains a significant amount of very fine magnetic grains, which could notably influence the rock magnetic properties and behavior at room temperature. The main observations after 4 years of storage under laboratory conditions are as follows: 1) decrease in the final unblocking temperature of NRM from 600–620°C to 580°C and 2) increase in the capacity of laboratory TRM acquisition. The most probable mechanism responsible for the observed changes is supposed to be fast low-temperature oxidation of the finest (superparamagnetic) grains and the development of the maghemite shell in coarser single-domain grains. The Thellier palaeointensity experiments, carried out at the beginning of the study, showed very good results, which satisfy all acceptance criteria, applied to evaluation of the results, quite well. Palaeointensity determinations repeated 4 years later on samples from the same material showed the experimental results to be of significantly inferior quality. The main difference is the presence of the significant deviation (change in the slope) on the Arai diagram after T>350–400°C. The calculated palaeointensity is either higher than the one obtained before, or similar, but evaluated with large uncertainty. Therefore, we conclude that the possibility to obtain biased palaeointensity values increases during short-time storage (i.e. several years) due to the low-temperature changes of the material. 相似文献
4.
《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2005,148(2-4):193-214
Absolute palaeointensity results were obtained from 392 samples (166 of 241 flows) from the upper 779 m of the Scientific Observation Hole 1 (SOH1) basalt core, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, using the microwave palaeointensity technique. Based on K–Ar dates and a previously published age model, this covers the last 45 ka thus giving a high-resolution record of geomagnetic intensity in Hawaii. Comparisons with other Hawaiian absolute palaeointensity data show similar trend of higher intensity than present day for the last 3 ka and then a general decrease in intensity over the last 45 ka, though this study reports consistently lower palaeointensity values. Direct comparison with previous Thellier data from the SOH1 core shows some discrepancies between the two methods, with the Thellier data yielding generally higher palaeointensity estimates than the microwave data. In view of these discrepancies between the two methods, the introduction of raw palaeointensity data into the public domain is suggested. 相似文献
5.
A combined geochronologic (K-Ar) and palaeomagnetic study has been conducted on a basalt lava sequence at Yixian Formation
in Liaoning Province, northeastern China. The new K-Ar age obtained from thirteen lava flows is 120.93±0.88 Ma. Detailed rock-magnetic
investigations were conducted on each lava flow to determine their remanence carriers. The modified version of the Thellier-Thellier
palaeointensity method with systematic partial thermoremanent magnetization (pTRM) checks was used for the palaeointensity
determination. Virtual dipole moment (VDM) value is (3.66±0.10)x1022 Am2. This low dipole-field intensity value is approximately forty-five percent of the today field VDM. Combined with all of the
other published palaeointensity data, possible links between the earth’s interior process and its control on the variation
of the earth’s magnetic field during the geological time were tentatively discussed. 相似文献
6.
Five samples from historical lava flows on Mt. Etna, which had previously been used in a palaeointensity study, were examined using a combination of rock magnetic and microscopic techniques to elucidate the causes of failure of palaeointensity determination. The samples were characterised using a combination of low-temperature susceptibility (LT-), Bitter pattern imaging and scanning electron microscope (SEM). High-temperature susceptibility curves and hysteresis loops had been previously measured by Calvo et al. (2001). Of the five samples only one gave an accurate palaeointensity. This sample was deuterically oxidised and consisted of large exsolved ore grains. It was only possible to distinguish this sample either optically or magnetically from a similar sample by the LT- warming curves; the unsuccessful sample displayed alteration in the LT- warming curves, which was not readily observed in the high temperature susceptibility curves. It is proposed that the measurement of LT- curves before and after heating could be a more sensitive method of determining suitability for palaeointensity determination than previous rock magnetic pre-selection techniques. 相似文献
7.
地球磁场的演化历史对研究地核与地幔边界的动力学和地核内的磁流体力学过程提供了重要的信息，古地磁的研究为大陆漂移和海底扩张提供了定量的信息，然而到目前为止，对地球磁场古强度的研究还相当薄弱，由于地球磁场古强度数据的匮乏，使得人们对于地质历史时期地球磁场强度缺乏，本文对测定古强度的方法作了较详细的总结，并对一些实验方法作了评述，在这些方法中，认为最可信的古强度测定的方法是Coe校正后的Thellier法。 相似文献
8.
When re-heated to temperatures below the Curie temperature and subsequently cooled in a constant magnetic field (H
T), rock samples which contain magnetic minerals can acquire an induced magnetic anisotropy (IMA). As the result of acquiring the IMA, a constriction develops in the hysteresis loop of the magnetization of these rocks at the values of the magnetizing field close or equal to the HT. Thus the IMA is capable of retaining the information on the palaeointensity of the geomagnetic field, i.e., if IMA was created in a rock in the geomagnetic field in a past geological epoch, it preserves the information on the intensity of that field. Investigations have shown, that when IMA is created in a rock under external stress, the stress has an impact on the magnetic memory. Here we also deal with the issue of how stress affects the magnetic memory of IMA. A mathematical model for the effect of stress on magnetic memory phenomena related to induced magnetic anisotropy in rocks containing multidomain magnetite and titanomagnetite grains is proposed herewith. The effect of temperature on the magnetic memory of rocks is discussed also. 相似文献
9.
地球磁场相对强度研究现状与展望 总被引：2，自引：6，他引：2
对利用沉积物确定地球磁场相对强度的实验方法进行了综述评述，在些基础上本文总结了目前常用的恢复沉复沉积物记录古强度的方法，重点介绍了全新世、晚更新世和布容时地球磁场相对强度变化特征，评价了环境因素对沉积物记录地球磁场相对强度的影响。对未来有关地球磁场相对强度研究发展趋势提出了借鉴。 相似文献
10.
Xixi Zhao Peter Riisager Ulrike Draeger Zhong Zheng 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2004,141(2):131-140
We present new Thellier-Thellier palaeointensity results from three cooling units (32 samples) of Inner Mongolia lava flows (91.7 Ma) emplaced during the Cretaceous Normal Superchron (CNS). Based on rock-magnetic and microscopy observations the magneto-mineralogy of all samples is determined to be primary and unaltered high-Ti titanomagnetite. Accepted palaeointensity determinations, obtained in the 80-200 °C temperature interval, are of good technical quality with positive standard partial thermoremanent magnetisation (pTRM) checks and pTRM-tail checks. Obtained palaeointensity estimates range from 14.7 to 28.0 μT, with virtual axial dipole moments (VADM) of 2.4 to 4.6 (× 1022 Am2). The data agree well with recently published results from the same region and, combining the two datasets, we obtain independent estimates from six different cooling units yielding a time-averaged VADM of 3.2 ± 1.6 (× 1022 Am2). These data suggest a relatively low dipole moment towards the end of the Cretaceous Normal Superchron. 相似文献
11.
Mualla Cengiz Cinku Dieter Rammlmair Mümtaz Z. Hisarli Naci Orbay 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2009,53(4):475-494
Upper Cretaceous volcanic rocks were collected at 24 sites along the Pontides, N-NE Turkey, for rock magnetic and geochemical
studies. Rock magnetic and petrographic methods showed that the lavas are characterized predominantly by titanomagnetites
with a mixture of pseudo-single and multi-domain grains, whereas in tephrite single domain titanohematite was dominant. Measurements
of magnetic susceptibility and the geochemical properties on different volcanic rock types provide important knowledge about
the magnetic stability of the rocks. The magnetic properties are interpreted in terms of the composition, concentration, magma
generation. Tephrite and phonotephrites with the highest intensities (5200 mA/m) and high magnetic susceptibility values (2585
× 10−5), largest grain sizes and Fe/Ti values, showing minor or no alteration are the most magnetic stable samples in contrast to
dacites with the lowest intensity-magnetic susceptibility (520 mA/m − 573 × 10−5) and high alteration degree. The basanite samples show very low NRM (48–165 mA/m) but very high magnetic susceptibility (2906–3100
× 10−5) values suggesting the alteration of Fe-Ti minerals. It is shown that the magnetic properties of the basic to acidic rocks
show a systematic variation with magma differentiation and could be related to fractional crystallization. Major and trace
elements revealed that the lavas are compatible with complex magma evolution, with mineral phases of olivine+magnetite+clinopyroxene
in basic series, amphibole+ +clinopyroxene in intermediate rocks and plagioclase+clinopyroxene+biotite in acidic series. 相似文献
12.
John Shaw Mimi J. Hill Steven J. Openshaw 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2001,190(3-4):103-109
The new microwave palaeointensity technique has been used to investigate samples from the Martian meteorite Nakhla. This technique is a promising new way to obtain absolute palaeointensity information regarding the ancient Martian magnetic field as recorded by the Martian meteorites. Assuming that a part of the magnetic remanence is of thermal origin and originating on Mars the two samples studied yield estimates of 4 μT for the Martian magnetic field at 1.35 Ga. 相似文献
13.
岩石或沉积物的磁学性质受到所含矿物的种类、粒径、形状、相互作用以及环境等多种因素的作用,但是传统的岩石磁学实验很难定量解耦这些参数的影响.本文从微磁模拟与岩石磁学相结合的角度探讨了定量分析矿物磁学特征的研究进展.首先对微磁模拟的原理和发展历程进行了简要介绍.随后就矿物磁信息记录的物性影响和化学改造两个基本问题,总结了微磁模拟在岩石磁学领域的应用特色.最后对微磁模拟在岩石磁学中的研究前景提出了展望.以上讨论指出微磁模拟在地学中具有重要应用价值,加深了我们对地质过程中矿物磁学性质的理解. 相似文献
14.
Summary It has been predicted that the geomagnetic field strength will be at its highest during periods of low reversal frequency. Using basaltic lavas from Israel and India, which were erupted during the 35 Ma interval of normal polarity in the mid-Cretaceous (the Cretaceous Quiet Zone), we have obtained palaeointensity estimates. The mean virtual dipole moments from the two areas are about 75% of the present value. This suggests that there is no simple relationship between the time averaged strength of the dipole and the frequency of reversals. 相似文献
15.
16.
C. Radhakrishnamurty S.D. Likhite P.W. Sahasrabudhe 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1977,13(4):289-300
The nature of magnetic grains in basalts obtained from different parts of the world has been investigated. Results indicate that magnetic behaviour attributable to cation-deficient magnetite is common in basalts younger than Cretaceous, while that due to multidomain magnetite is widespread in much older rocks. Superparamagnetic grains occur in basalts more abundantly than originally presumed, which seem to be mainly responsible for the viscous remanent magnetization of such samples. Basalts which are inferred to contain predominantly optimum single-domain grains are found to be most suitable for palaeomagnetic work. However, many samples generally contain a wide range of grain sizes and this can account for the observed variation in their magnetic stability. One possible mechanism for the formation of such magnetic grains in basalts and its implications to palaeomagnetism is presented. Basalts whose magnetic behaviour is completely reversible on heating and cooling are very rare and because of this fact the reliability of palaeointensity determinations, involving heating of the samples even for one time, may be reduced to a considerable extent. 相似文献
17.
J. Morales A. Goguitchaichvili J. Urrutia-Fucugauchi 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2007,51(2):315-326
Cooling rate (CR) effects on the intensity of thermoremanent magnetization has been documented for archaeomagnetic materials,
where cooling in laboratory conditions is generally much faster compared to natural cooling rates. Since the latter condition
also applies to many volcanic rocks, we have investigated in this study the influences of the CR on the determination of absolute
paleointensity using recent basaltic rocks. We used magnetically and thermally stable samples mainly containing Ti-poor pseudo-singledomain
titanomagnetites (the most widely used material for Thellier paleointensity experiments). These samples previously succeed
in retrieving the strength of laboratory field intensities with the Coe’s version of the Thellier method in a simulated paleointensity
experiment using similar cooling rates. Our experimental results indicate that the cooling rate effects produce systematic
and significant overestimates of the absolute intensity up to 70%. The effect can be much larger than predicted by Neél theory
for non-interacting single-domain grains. 相似文献
18.
The remanent magnetization of igneous and sedimentary rocks, if not changed by heating or by alteration of magnetic minerals, keep the information about the intensity of that magnetic field in which initial magnetization took place.It has been determined that the dependence of anhysteretic remanent magnetization of such a rock on d.c. magnetic field permits us to find the paleointensity. A method of investigation of rock specimens by means of such remagnetization is suggested and applied to determining the paleointensity for a series of Permo-Triassic rocks. 相似文献
19.
自然样品中的磁性矿物携带着丰富的环境演化信息．然而在一般情况下,自然样品的磁性是其含有的诸多磁性矿物的综合反映．为了分离这些磁信息,近年来发展了一种新的岩石磁学方法：一阶反转曲线（FORC）图．该方法不但可以确定磁性矿物矫顽力的分布以及磁性矿物颗粒之间磁相互作用的强弱,而且还可以帮助区分磁性矿物的种类和磁畴状态．本文首先详细介绍该方法的基本原理和其物理意义,在此基础上,给出了一个应用FORC图确定含铝的钛磁铁矿玄武岩样品中磁性矿物在加热过程发生转变的研究实例．在两个温度下的FORC图密度分布差的结果表明,这种新方法可以灵敏地检测样品中微弱的磁性矿物改变,因此在岩石磁学、环境磁学和古地磁学研究中具有很好的应用前景． 相似文献
20.
Vassileios Spatharas Despina Kondopoulou Elina Aidona Konstantinos G. Efthimiadis 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2011,55(1):131-157
Seven archaeological sites in Northern Greece and a pottery assemblage from Ithaki Island (Ionian Sea) have provided material
from kilns and a collection of baked clays. The whole dataset consists of 69 samples and covers a period of almost 4000 years.
Although the majority of the samples was oriented, only few directions could be obtained, mostly due to small sample size
and fragility. Detailed rock magnetic experiments identified magnetite/titano-magnetite and substituted magnetite as the main
magnetic minerals. Variable amounts of haematite were detected in some cases. In three out of eight sites, multi-domain grains
prevail, whereas single-, pseudo-single domain or mixtures are detected in the remaining five. The classical Thellier-Thellier
palaeointensity method was applied to 94 specimens. Following stringent acceptance criteria, 66 results from the 8 sites were
considered successful and retained. These new results show a convergence with regional and global compilations and improve
the knowledge of the past geomagnetic field behaviour in Greece. 相似文献