共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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极值分布和P-III型分布线性矩法在区域洪水频率分析中的检验 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
以江西省和福建省的86个水文站的年最大洪水资料为样本,在成因水文分区———模糊聚类法的基础上,采用线性矩区域综合方法进行区域洪水频率分析,并选用两种区域洪水分布线型:通用极值分布(GEV)、P-III型分布来检验这两省的洪水特性。结果表明,P-III型分布优于GEV分布。 相似文献
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Sinkhole distribution in a rapidly developing urban environment: Hillsborough County, Tampa Bay area, Florida 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Sinkhole formation in Florida is a common event. The Florida karst plain is significantly altered by human development and sinkholes cause considerable property damage throughout much of the state. We present in this paper a morphometric analysis of karst depressions in the Tampa Bay area, and the relation with the known distribution of sinkholes. We selected the Tampa Bay area because it is particularly susceptible to the evolution of karst depressions in relation with development of the built-up environment. Karst depressions were mapped from the 1:24,000 USGS topographic maps and a morphometric analysis was performed by using parameters such as shape, circularity index, perimeter, area, length, width, and orientation. Maps showing the distribution of depression density, and the sectors with greatest areas of karst depression were produced using a GIS. These results were compared with data compiled from the database of sinkhole occurrences in Florida maintained by the Florida Geological Survey. Our analysis demonstrates that the distribution of new sinkhole occurrences differs from the distribution of existing sinkholes, indicating that there are processes acting today that are influencing karst landscape formation that are different from those acting in the past. 相似文献
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Hydrocarbon source rock obviously controls the formation and distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs.Based on the geological concept of "source control theory",the concept of a hydrocarbon distribution threshold was put forward.This means the maximum range for hydrocarbon controlled by the source rock conditions to migrate in the hydrocarbon basins.Three quantitative analysis models are proposed on this basis,namely the hydrocarbon accumulation probability,maximum hydrocarbon scale threshold and reserve distribution probability,which respectively refer to the probability of forming a hydrocarbon reservoir,the possible maximum scale of the hydrocarbon reservoir and the percentage of reserve distribution in a certain area within the hydrocarbon distribution threshold.Statistical analysis on 539 hydrocarbon reservoirs discovered in 28 hydrocarbon source kitchens from seven sedimentary basins and sags of eastern China shows the maximum reservoir scale possibly formed in the hydrocarbon basin,hydrocarbon accumulation probability and oil and gas reserve distribution probability are all controlled by the characteristics of the hydrocarbon source rock.Generally,as the distances from the hydrocarbon source rock center and hydrocarbon discharge boundary get longer and the hydrocarbon discharge intensity of hydrocarbon source rock center gets smaller,there will be lower probability of hydrocarbon accumulation.Corresponding quantitative models are established based on single factor statistics and multivariate analysis.Practical application in the Jiyang Depression shows that the prediction from the quantitative analysis model for the hydrocarbon distribution threshold agree well with the actual exploration results,indicating that the quantitative analysis model is likely to be a feasible tool. 相似文献
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After careful analyses of the popular Monte Carlo method and geometric method in reliability analysis, the misuse of Monte Carlo method with several non-uniform distribution random variables is pointed out. As a result, a correct procedure sampling procedure of Monte Carlo method is presented. Meanwhile, in order to satisfy the needs of practice in reliability analysis, an extended geometrical optimized method(EGOM) is proposed, its procedure under conditions of correlation and non-normal distribution variable is also presented. Furthermore, several examples from others’ reliability analysis practice with the proposed EGOM prove its correctness and effectiveness. 相似文献
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核磁共振方法在致密砂岩储层孔隙结构中的应用--以鄂尔多斯大牛地气田上古生界石盒子组3段为例 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：7
采用低场核磁共振实验的方法研究了鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田上古生界石盒子组3段岩芯样品的核磁共振弛豫时间T2分布与由压汞毛管压力曲线所获得的孔喉半径分布之间的对应关系和转换方法,建立了T2几何平均值与毛管压力曲线孔喉结构参数之间的统计关系.研究结果表明,致密砂岩储层的核磁共振T2分布与由毛管压力曲线所获得的孔径分布之间存在密切的相关性,二者都反映了岩石的孔隙结构,利用核磁共振技术来评价致密砂岩储层的孔喉结构是有效的,同时也为利用核磁共振测井技术开展致密砂岩储层评价提供了实验基础. 相似文献
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北塘水库库底地层渗透系数的随机特性分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为研究渗透系数的随机分布特征,以滨海平原水库也是南水北调调节及事故备用水库的北塘水库库底地层为研究对象,通过野外取样、室内达西渗透实验和颗粒分析实验等手段,获取了库底地层渗透系数的两组数据及其空间分布,借助于SPSS软件的P—P图以及单样本K-S检验,对渗透系数的空间随机分布进行了分析。结果表明,与正态分布相比较,北塘水库库底地层渗透系数更接近对数正态分布,这为库区渗漏量计算的可靠性分析、库底沉积物渗透系数的空间变异特征分析等奠定了基础。 相似文献
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用土的分形结构确定土的水份特征曲线 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4
运用筛析法和比重计法，分析了宁夏膨胀土的颗粒分布，发现粒径介于0．002～0．1mm的粒度分布是分形的，分维介于2．46～2．67；运用上孔隙分布的分维确定水份特征曲线，得到了很好的结果。此外，还探讨了粒度分形分布的机制。 相似文献
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黄土滑坡是西北地区最为严重的地质灾害.频率分布对于区域滑坡风险评估具有重要的意义,借鉴粒度分析方法研究黄土滑坡分布情况,提出滑坡规模径概念,并通过Gamma分布函数对滑坡规模频率曲线进行了拟合.结果表明:(1) 在区域尺度上,可以借鉴粒度分析的理论和方法分析区域滑坡规模百分含量;(2) 在双对数坐标下,频率曲线具有“偏转效应”,而Gamma分布函数在描述滑坡规模径频率分布方面具有广泛的适应性,能够很好地拟合黄土滑坡规模频率;(3) 无论是黄土滑坡的数量还是规模,以墚为主的黄土丘陵区宝塔区都是受滑坡灾害威胁最为严重的区域;但黄土地貌在由塬向峁区的演变过程中,黄土滑坡规模变异或离散程度逐渐减小. 相似文献
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降雨入渗分析是预测降雨诱发滑坡的关键因素之一。Green-Ampt模型原理简单、使用方便,在浅层滑坡的降雨入渗分析中有很大的应用潜力,但该方法主要适用于初始含水率为均匀分布的情况。基于这一不足,推导了初始含水率为非均匀分布条件下降雨入渗深度和时间的关系,并给出了基于Runge-Kutta原理的数值解法。当初始含水率为均匀分布时,提出的方法可简化为文献中已有的Green-Ampt模型。当初始含水率为非均匀分布时, Richards方程预测所得的孔隙水压力分布图中土体饱和区和未受降雨影响的非饱和区之间存在一个较窄的过渡段,由新模型计算所得的湿润锋穿过这一过渡段,且靠近饱和部区的底部。总体而言,新方法计算所得的孔隙水压力分布与Richards方程求解结果类似。 相似文献
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青藏高原东部基于噪声的面波群速度分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过收集青海、甘肃、四川三省的76个地震台记录的2008年1—12月三分量的连续噪声数据,利用噪声面波层析成像的方法获得了青藏高原东部的面波群速度分布特征。首先采用多重滤波方法提取了1 000多条台站对5～50 s的三分量面波群速度频散曲线,然后将研究区域划分为0.2°×0.2°的网格,利用O ccam方法反演了瑞利波(R-R)和勒夫波(T-T)的群速度分布。反演得到的群速度分布特征与地表地质和构造特征表现出较好的相关性,清晰地揭示了地壳内部的横向速度变化。层析成像的结果显示在短周期(8～20 s)内,拥有较厚的沉积层的四川盆地表现为明显的低速特征,而青藏高原东部则表现为较高的群速度分布特征;随着周期的增加(>20 s),群速度的分布特征呈现出与短周期相反的特性,青藏高原东部下方的速度远远低于四川盆地,这可能与青藏高原东部中、下地壳低速层相关联,同时也意味着研究区域的地壳结构具有明显的横向不均匀性。在群速度分布图上,龙门山不仅是四川盆地与青藏高原的地形和构造分界带,同时也对应着高群速度与低群速度的过渡带。 相似文献
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This paper is an analysis of the historical change in city size distribution in India from the perspectives provided by Zipf and Jefferson. Rank-size distribution at national level and primate city-size distribution at regional levels are examined. India's national urban system is gradually evolving towards Zipf's rank-size distribution. But primate cities have persisted in three of the four macro-regions in India. The paper also examines, in the Indian context, the relation between rank-size distribution and an integrated urban system, and the normative nature of the latter as a spatial organization of human society. Finally, we have made a modest attempt to locate the research on city-size distribution, especially Berry's system-theoretic interpretation of rank-size distribution, on the realm of the political economy of urbanization. 相似文献
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岩石抗剪强度参数的理论概率分布形态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩石抗剪强度参数的概率分布形态是岩石工程可靠度分析和设计的基础。在考虑完整岩石压缩强度为服从正态分布随机变量的条件下,针对Mohr-Coulomb和Drucker-Prager屈服准则的线性系数形式,基于随机变量函数分布理论推导出岩石抗剪强度参数内摩擦角 和黏聚力 的概率密度函数。 和 概率密度函数显示：不仅岩石压缩强度和抗剪强度参数概率分布具有非一致性,而且根据不同屈服准则计算得出的岩石抗剪强度参数概率分布也具有非一致性。在进一步分析屈服准则系数具有不同变异系数和相关系数时的抗剪强度参数概率密度函数特征的基础上,提出根据概率分布的偏度和峰度确定一般情况下抗剪强度参数概率分布形态的方法,从理论上解决岩石压缩强度与抗剪强度参数分布的协调性问题。最后,对大理岩常规三轴压缩试验得出的抗剪强度参数进行大样本统计分析,验证了其概率密度函数理论推导的正确性以及概率分布形态确定方法的合理性。该研究为实际岩石强度概率分析时选择抗剪强度参数合理概率分布形式提供了理论指导。 相似文献
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利用对数正态分布图解析徐州城市土壤中重金属元素来源和确定地球化学背景值 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
城市土壤指示了城市环境中重金属污染的状况.为了更好地评价人为因素对城市土壤的影响强度,确定城市土壤重金属元素的地球化学背景值是十分必要的.以徐州城市表层土壤中Pb、Cu、Zn、V、Se和Ti等重金属为例,利用对数正态分布图区分了不同元素的来源,其中Ti和V主要来自土壤母质的分化,而Pb、Cu、Zn和Se等的来源则比较复杂,表现为受人为因素作用强烈.这些结果与利用多元统计方法(如聚类分析和主成分分析)获得的结果一致.利用对数正态分布图获得了Pb、Cu、Zn、V、Se和Ti等元素的地球化学背景值. 相似文献
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利用近年来采集的高分辨率地震剖面资料,编制了渤海海峡跨海通道工程区主要活动断裂分布图,并对其中各断裂的垂直活动速率进行计算,发现渤海海峡跨海通道工程区内NE—NNE向断裂晚更新世以来的平均垂直活动速率为0103 mm/a,NW向断裂的平均垂直活动速率为0080 mm/a,其中NE—NNE向断裂和NW向断裂的活动速率呈由南到北逐渐增强的趋势,NW向断裂还表现出明显的自西向东活动速率逐渐增强的特点。另外,通过与现代小震资料和历史地震资料进行对比,发现研究区内地震分布具有不均匀性,地震活动性随着与断裂之间距离的增加而减弱,且在断裂交点和端点处活动性较强。研究区内地震的这些分布特征能够用弹性回跳学说解释。此外,研究区内地震活动性与断裂的水平位移速率关系可能更为密切,其与断裂垂直活动速率的关系还需要进一步研究。 相似文献
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Snow depth records from daily measurements at climatological stations were obtained from Environment Canada and were processed and analyzed. It was identified that there are 549 stations, each with at least 20 years of useable annual maximum snow depth data. Both the Gumbel distribution and generalized extreme value distribution were used to fit the annual maximum snow depth, considering several distribution fitting methods. Statistical analysis results indicated that, according to the Akaike information criterion, the Gumbel distribution is preferred for 72 % stations. The estimated return period value of annual maximum snow depth at stations was used to calculate their corresponding ground snow load. The at-site analysis results were used as the basis to spatially interpolate the ground snow loads for locations tabulated in the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) since a code location and a climatological site are usually not co-located. For the interpolation, the ordinary co-kriging method with elevation as co-variate was used because a cross-validation analysis by using several deterministic and probabilistic spatial interpolation techniques indicated that the ordinary co-kriging method is preferred. A comparison of the newly estimated ground snow loads to those locations tabulated in the 1995 edition and 2010 edition of the NBCC was also presented. 相似文献