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1.
Simple monitoring method for precaution of landslides watching tilting and water contents on slopes surface 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Taro Uchimura Ikuo Towhata Trinh Thi Lan Anh Jou Fukuda Carlos J. B. Bautista Lin Wang Ichiro Seko Taro Uchida Akira Matsuoka Yosuke Ito Yuichi Onda Sho Iwagami Min-Seok Kim Naoki Sakai 《Landslides》2010,7(3):351-357
A low-cost and simple monitoring method for early warning of landslides is proposed. To detect abnormal deformation of a slope, this method employs a tilt sensor in place of an extensometer on the slope surface. In order to examine the relevance of measuring rotation angle on a slope surface by tilt sensor, model tests were conducted, and rotation on the slope surface was observed together with slide displacement along the surface. The rotation data responded 30 min before failure in a model test, which could be useful as a signal for early warning. However, the behavior of rotation before failure varies from case to case, and thus, criteria to issue warning should be defined more carefully. For a model slope made of uniform loose sand, measurement of slide displacement along the slope surface is sensitive to failure at the toe, while the measurement of rotation on the slope surface is useful to detect the development of progressive failure upward along the slope. Wireless sensor units with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) tilt sensor and volumetric water content sensor were also examined on a real slope in Kobe City, and a long-term monitoring was attempted. A simple but possible way to define the criteria of judgment to issue warning can be proposed based on combination of data obtained by the tilt sensors and volumetric water content sensors. 相似文献
2.
张凯翔 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2020,31(6):1-11
中国具有地质构造复杂,地貌类型多样,山区面积比例高等特点。近年来,在全球气候变化背景下,大量重大工程建设、不合理的资源开发和人类活动,导致各类地质灾害频发,严重影响了民生改善和小康社会建设进程,为地质灾害风险管控带来了挑战。开展地质灾害监测预警研究,能够为灾害风险管控、监测预警、防治减灾工作提供重要的科学依据。本文由中国地质灾害监测预警研究入手,着重分析讨论了我国地质灾害发育概况、监测预警既有成果和研究现状。然后从地质灾害监测预警的主要内容、主要技术方法和主要监测预警模型的发展和现状三个方面,讨论了"3S"技术在地质灾害监测预警中的研究现状和实践应用;最后详细讨论了目前基于"3S"技术的地质灾害监测预警平台在三峡库区和国家防灾减灾工作中的应用情况。本文最终结论认为,"3S"技术的地质灾害监测预警系统在各行业防灾减灾工作中的应用已日趋成熟,未来的地质灾害监测预警系统将以"3S"技术为基础,集观测、研究、风险评估、预报预警、预防治理为一体,有机结合各相关学科和大数据、人工智能、互联网+技术,通过对地质灾害的过程进行仿真模拟,分析诱发灾害的因素和发生强度,提高地质灾害预报的时间、地点、发生强度的准确性。 相似文献
3.
Local rainfall thresholds for forecasting landslide occurrence: Taipingshan landslide triggered by Typhoon Saola 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
This paper presents a case study of the Taipingshan landslide, which was triggered by Typhoon Saola in 2012. Taipingshan villa is one of the most famous scenic locations within the Taipingshan National Forest Recreation Area in northern Taiwan. Since the early 1990s, evidence of recent landslide activity appeared throughout the Taipingshan villa and included features such as tension cracks, ground settlement, and cracking in manmade structures. In response, a series of geological investigations and in-site/laboratory tests were conducted in 2010 to estimate slope stability and predict critical rainfall thresholds (event accumulated rainfall) for landslide activity. Results revealed that the critical rainfall threshold for the Taipingshan National Forest Recreation Area is 1765 mm. In 2012, that threshold was tested when Typhoon Saola brought tremendous rainfall to northern and eastern Taiwan and triggered activity along the main scarp of sliding mass B located near the History Exhibition Hall. According to in situ extensometer readings and on-site precipitation data, the extensometer was severed at an accumulated rainfall 1694 mm. Field monitoring data during the typhoon event are in good agreement with the rainfall threshold. These preliminary results suggest that the threshold may be useful for assessing the rainfall threshold of other landslides and a good reference for establishing early warning systems for landslides. 相似文献
4.
基于设计安全系数及破坏模式的边坡开挖过程动态变形监测预警方法研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
由于地质和结构特征的不同造成的边坡变形破坏机制存在差异以及同一边坡在不同施工开挖阶段的变形规律和量值也存在差别,采用工程类比方法获得的单一的静态的边坡监测预警指标无法表达某一边坡在施工开挖过程中动态的变形规律和特征,针对该问题提出了基于设计安全系数和破坏模式的边坡开挖过程中动态变形监测预警指标的研究思路和方法,并将其应用于糯扎渡水电站溢洪道消力塘边坡755～740 m开挖过程变形监测预警指标的确定,通过与现场监测结果的对比分析表明,该边坡开挖过程中是稳定的,分析与工程实际是相符的。研究表明,基于设计安全系数和破坏模式的边坡开挖过程动态监测预警指标的研究思路和方法用于边坡在开挖过程中动态变形监测预警是可行和有效的。 相似文献
5.
A new monitoring station for debris flows in the European Alps: first observations in the Gadria basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
F. Comiti L. Marchi P. Macconi M. Arattano G. Bertoldi M. Borga F. Brardinoni M. Cavalli V. D’Agostino D. Penna J. Theule 《Natural Hazards》2014,73(3):1175-1198
Debris-flow monitoring in instrumented areas is an invaluable way to gather field data that may improve the understanding of these hazardous phenomena. A new experimental site has been equipped in the Autonomous Province of Bozen-Bolzano (Eastern Alps, Italy) for both monitoring purposes and testing early warning systems. The study site (Gadria basin) is a 6.3 km2 catchment subjected to frequent debris flows. The monitoring system in the Gadria basin consists of rain gauges, radar sensors, geophones, video cameras, piezometers and soil moisture probes. Transmission of data and alerts from the instruments exploits in part radio technology. The paper presents the data gathered during the first three years of activity, with two debris-flow events recorded at the station varying in magnitude and characteristics, and discusses the perspectives of debris-flow monitoring and related research. 相似文献
6.
Early warning systems for slope instability are needed to alert users of accelerating slope deformation behaviour, enable evacuation of vulnerable people, and conduct timely repair and maintenance of critical infrastructure. Communities exposed to landslide risk in low- and middle-income countries seldom currently instrument and monitor slopes to provide a warning of instability because existing techniques are complex and prohibitively expensive. Research and field trials have demonstrated conclusively that acoustic emission (AE) monitoring can be an effective approach to detect accelerating slope movements and to subsequently communicate warnings to users. The objective of this study was to develop and assess a simple, robust, low-cost AE monitoring system to warn of incipient landslides, which can be widely deployed and operated by communities globally to help protect vulnerable people. This paper describes a novel AE measurement sensor that has been designed and developed with the cost constrained to a few hundred dollars (US). Results are presented from physical model experiments that demonstrate performance of the AE system in measuring accelerating deformation behaviour, with quantifiable relationships between AE and displacement rates. Exceedance of a pre-determined trigger level of AE can be used to communicate an alarm to users in order to alert them of a slope failure. Use of this EWS approach by communities worldwide would reduce the number of fatalities caused by landslides. 相似文献
7.
滑坡地质灾害一直是社会高度关注的问题之一,近年来我国多地发生了由地震、降雨、水库运行和工程建设等触发的高边坡过大变形事故,有时甚至导致大型滑坡、泥石流,严重危害到人们的生命和财产安全。边坡变形的监测技术和方法在最近一个时期得到了飞速的发展,在保证边坡稳定性、验证支挡措施效果、提高滑坡预警预报水平等方面发挥了重要的作用。本文在简要介绍传统边坡变形监测技术及其不足的基础上,阐述了近十余年间国内外边坡变形监测技术的最新发展和应用现状,重点分析和对比了分布式光纤传感等新型监测技术的特点。最后,对边坡变形监测技术未来的发展方向提出了一些研究思路。 相似文献
8.
Longoni Laura Ivanov Vladislav Ferrario Maddalena Brunero Marco Papini Monica Arosio Diego 《Landslides》2022,19(3):761-772
Optical fibre–based sensors have now established their place in the field of geohazard monitoring due to their sensitivity to strain and temperature changes. Progressive development in the technology leads to the availability of novel, accurate and durable sensors at a relatively limited cost. This creates room for original monitoring applications that have been, so far, impeded by the shortcomings of conventional monitoring tools. In this work, we explore the applicability of an interferometric optical fibre sensor as a vibration sensing tool at laboratory scale. We tested the ability of the sensor to identify precursors of instability in a downscaled model of a rainfall-induced landslide composed of granular material. We carried out four experimental tests which involved different sensor deployments and soil mixtures. The recorded signals were processed by means of a time–frequency analysis and we identified two frequency-domain parameters—the spectral centroid and band power—that could provide information on the development of instability. Their ratio yielded a unique parameter through which a precursory stage could be outlined by defining a threshold value based on the data collected at the beginning of the experiment. In our lab tests, precursors of instability were detected 2–3 min before a crack was observed at the surface. This may upscale to a lead time of about 20–30 min or more in the field, classifying our monitoring approach in between an alarm and a warning system. The work presented here can be considered a first promising step towards an innovative monitoring system and shows the potential of optical fibre sensing as a shallow landslide monitoring technique, encouraging further testing, especially in real-case studies.
相似文献9.
10.
深圳市龙岗中心城岩溶塌陷光纤传感监测研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩溶塌陷具有的突发性、隐蔽性、不确定性,使其监测、预警预报问题一直未解决。通过多年的研发,光纤传感器监测技术已成为当今最为先进的岩土变形现场监测技术,特别是BOTDR技术,它的分布式、长距离、远程实时监控以及光纤耐久性好的特点正好弥补了传统监测技术的不足。目前光纤传感技术在岩溶塌陷（沉陷）灾害的监测上开展工作较少,本次工作主要目的为利用光纤传感技术实时监测岩溶塌陷。 相似文献
11.
Landslide monitoring and warning using inertial measurement units (IMUs) has shown the potential for remote and real-time applications. However, the studies conducted using the IMU sensors are limited to rainfall-induced landslide detection using soil moisture sensors and accelerometers for predicting slide and measuring tilt, respectively. The tilting of the slope might not occur during a slow-moving translational slide, and it may not always be possible to accurately record the soil moisture condition. The use of raw acceleration data, which is the combination of linear and gravitational accelerations, for calculating tilt or motion is another drawback of the existing studies. Hence, there is a need for a better approach to monitor slides. This paper presents two methods to define movement thresholds and criteria to identify the translational soil slides based on our understanding of the sensor data recorded during the two laboratory experiments. BNO055 sensor devices (IMU sensors) with 3-axis accelerometers and 3-axis gyroscopes were selected for this study. The linear accelerations, gravitational accelerations, and angular velocities were utilized to understand the translational soil slides by correlating the sensor behavior to that of the slope. The interpretation of the movements during the failure at each sensor location was further verified by referring to the videos recorded by two pi-cameras. The outcomes of this study confirm the applicability of the proposed IMU sensor system and the movement thresholds for effective and reliable monitoring and warning of translational soil slides. 相似文献
12.
地下开采作用下反倾上硬下软型斜坡崩塌形成机制研究以贵州开阳磷矿崩塌为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以贵州开阳磷矿崩塌为例,通过对地质条件、采矿扰动与变形破坏特点的分析,阐明在地下开采作用下,反倾上硬下软型斜坡变形破坏的发展过程,并总结斜坡失稳破坏的3种模式,指出不同类型的破坏变形均以坡顶拉裂为前兆,而斜坡岩体结构特征是产生不同破坏模式的关键控制因素。进一步运用数值模拟与物理模拟方法,分析该类型崩塌的形成机理,认为反倾上硬下软型崩塌的形成具有特定的地质背景,动力条件与诱发因素,崩塌最终可能以急剧破坏的形式出现,但其发生并不是一蹴而就的,是经历了从发生、发展直至破坏的长期过程。从地下开采后采空区顶底板的变形,发展到地表裂缝的产生,崩塌的形成是地表裂缝沿着陡倾结构面追踪发展的过程,并受岩体结构特征的控制最终发生倾倒、突破锁固段剪出或沿中缓倾结构面滑塌。因此,对此类斜坡地质灾害的监测和防治必须把握前兆现象,加强早期识别与预警。 相似文献
13.
传统的群测群防体系具有发现预警难、人员巡查难、变形监测难等问题,科研型专业监测设备又有着成本高、功耗高等问题,难以推广。自贡市采用功耗低、成本低、数据化、实时化的普适性地质灾害监测预警技术作为传统监测预警的补充,提升地质灾害监测预警能力;地质灾害监测预警模式通过传统的群测群防预警模式——人技结合的专业监测预警模式——"三统两分一考核"的综合监测预警预报模式的三级转变,进一步提升了地质灾害自动化专业监测预警的有效性和持续性。 相似文献
14.
高切坡变形和失稳是三峡库区广泛分布的一种地质灾害形式,严重影响着移民房屋、道路交通以及人民生命财产的安全。本文以万州库区为例,介绍了高切坡变形监测网络构成。该网络采用了高精度的GPS空间定位技术,全站仪变形监测技术、数字化精密水准测量、先进的遥测台网技术并与地理信息系统相结合,构成了一个空间上点、线、面相结合的高效率高切坡变形监测网络系统。该变形监测系统2008年建成,到目前为止,已经获得了大量的宝贵的监测数据,为当地高切坡变形和失稳的预警预报提供了科学依据。 相似文献
15.
由于滑坡岩土体结构的复杂性和破坏机制的多样性,滑坡预警一直以来都是全球性难题,极具挑战性。本文论述了贵州省兴义滑坡特征及其成功预警,并分析了滑坡成功预警的关键因素。在对滑坡现场进行地质调查的基础上,综合应用卫星遥感、无人机航拍、LiDAR、地表位移监测等技术手段,初步分析结果认为,兴义滑坡属于典型的含软弱夹层的顺层岩质滑坡,滑源区坡体为2014年首次滑动后形成的不稳定斜坡,在不利的坡体结构加之与软弱夹层组合的地质条件下,受到长期重力及地下水作用,最终演变成滑坡地质灾害。兴义滑坡至2014年第一次滑动后,后缘山体对前缘公路和居民就产生了威胁,2019年2月17日凌晨5时53分,贵州省兴义市马岭镇龙井村兴-马大道旁约96×104 m3的山体再次发生顺层滑动。在滑坡发生前,研究人员就在滑坡体上安装了全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)和自适应性裂缝计两种位移监测传感器,对滑坡变形进行持续监控。现场监测数据实时传输到研究人员自主研发的“地质灾害监测预警系统”中,系统通过多种阈值综合预警模型自动计算监测数据并发布预警结果,在滑坡进入临滑阶段后,系统提前53 min发出了红色预警,完全避免了人员和经济损失。该滑坡的成功预警体现了自主研发的地质灾害监测预警系统、预警模型、监测仪器三者的适用性,可为今后类似滑坡的监测预警研究及应用提供借鉴。 相似文献
16.
本文对北京市规划和自然资源委员会发布的《北京市环境公报》（2004—2018年）和北京市水务局发布的《北京市水资源公报》（2004—2018年）进行了全面梳理,详细分析了近15年来北京市突发地质灾害的类别构成和时空分布规律。北京市突发地质灾害有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流和地面塌陷4种类型,其中崩塌是北京市发生数量最多的地质灾害。北京市突发地质灾害规模较小,分布广泛。大部分灾害发生在汛期,表明北京市突发地质灾害与降雨密切相关。极端强降雨发生后,不同类型灾害集中暴发。近年来,北京市突发地质灾害专业监测预警工作积极开展,并取得一定的成绩,但是相关的科研、监测预警技术等地灾防治工作仍需提升。本文的相关结论来源于真实数据的统计分析,可为北京市突发地质灾害监测预警工作提供客观数据支撑。 相似文献
17.
Emergency countermeasures against marine disasters in Qingdao City on the basis of scenario analysis
Zhang Zhaohui Zhang Xuliang Xu Zongjun Yao Haiyan Li Ge Liu Xiujun 《Natural Hazards》2014,75(2):233-255
Storm surge, sea wave, sea ice, red tide and harmful marine creature bloom are main marine disasters occurring in the coast and offshore areas of Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China. Marine disasters mentioned above can be divided into five categories, namely, marine meteorological disasters, marine hydrological disasters, marine geological disasters, marine ecological disasters and man-made marine disasters. Over the past century, the marine disasters in the coast and offshore areas of Qingdao City have caused great economic losses and casualties. In recent years, some problems still exist in emergency management against marine disasters in Qingdao City, such as inaccurate predictions of disasters, untimely early warning and lack of social participation in the emergency management. On the basis of scenario analysis, the authors try to predict different possible scenarios of marine disasters at different early warning levels and propose some optimized emergency countermeasures against marine disaster in Qingdao City. Results of our research can provide a theoretical basis for the revision and improvement of emergency plans and thus guarantee timely and effective emergency management actions against marine disasters in Qingdao City.
相似文献18.
任何矿井水害事故均会显现不同的预兆,为夯实水害智能预警基础,明晰了感知、辨识、评估、预测及相互逻辑关系的系统建设内涵,针对不同水害类型,根据其突水机理不同,设计三大类多模式水害典型场景,建立相应突水判据,提出了确定性理论精确预测与包括大数据及深度学习在内的非确定性趋势推测两类预测方法,为智能预警系统的预测预报、预警准则及阈值设置奠定理论基础。以陕西省彬长矿区亭南矿为例,建立了动态信息、静态信息及关联信息的指标体系,将地面水文动态监测单元、井下水情环境监测单元以及采掘工作面采动动态监测单元集成,构建原位采集和突水要素预兆感知系统,实施基于关键层电性参数动态监测、关键部位单点或多点多参数监测联合布置的突水前兆信息精准获取方案,采用确定性模拟模型和非确定性智能模型,实现水害预测预警功能,基于多源数据融合和空间联动分析技术,预警系统实现了井上下全空间水害风险预警“一张图”的可视化展示。实践表明,监测预警平台理论基础扎实,预测预警效果显著。 相似文献
19.
The state of knowledge and resources available to issue alerts of precipitation-induced landslides vary across the USA. Federal
and state agencies currently issue warnings of the potential for shallow, rapidly moving landslides and debris flows in a
few areas along the Pacific coast and for areas affected by Atlantic hurricanes. However, these agencies generally lack resources
needed to provide continuous support or to expand services to other areas. Precipitation thresholds that form the basis of
landslide warning systems now exist for a few areas of the USA, but the threshold rainfall amounts and durations vary over
three orders of magnitude nationwide and over an order of magnitude across small geographic areas such as a county. Antecedent
moisture conditions also have a significant effect, particularly in areas that have distinct wet and dry seasons. Early warnings
of shallow landslides that include specific information about affected areas, probability of landslide occurrence, and expected
timing are technically feasible as illustrated by a case study from the Seattle, WA area. The four-level warning scheme (Null,
Outlook, Watch, Warning) defined for Seattle is based on observed or predicted exceedance of a cumulative precipitation threshold
and a rainfall intensity–duration threshold combined with real-time monitoring of soil moisture. Based on analysis of historical
data, threshold performance varies according to precipitation characteristics, and threshold exceedance corresponds to a given
probability of landslide occurrence. Experience in Seattle during December 2004 and January 2005 illustrates some of the challenges
of providing landslide early warning on the USA West Coast. 相似文献
20.
The state of knowledge and resources available to issue alerts of precipitation-induced landslides vary across the USA. Federal and state agencies currently issue warnings of the potential for shallow, rapidly moving landslides and debris flows in a few areas along the Pacific coast and for areas affected by Atlantic hurricanes. However, these agencies generally lack resources needed to provide continuous support or to expand services to other areas. Precipitation thresholds that form the basis of landslide warning systems now exist for a few areas of the USA, but the threshold rainfall amounts and durations vary over three orders of magnitude nationwide and over an order of magnitude across small geographic areas such as a county. Antecedent moisture conditions also have a significant effect, particularly in areas that have distinct wet and dry seasons. Early warnings of shallow landslides that include specific information about affected areas, probability of landslide occurrence, and expected timing are technically feasible as illustrated by a case study from the Seattle, WA area. The four-level warning scheme (Null, Outlook, Watch, Warning) defined for Seattle is based on observed or predicted exceedance of a cumulative precipitation threshold and a rainfall intensity–duration threshold combined with real-time monitoring of soil moisture. Based on analysis of historical data, threshold performance varies according to precipitation characteristics, and threshold exceedance corresponds to a given probability of landslide occurrence. Experience in Seattle during December 2004 and January 2005 illustrates some of the challenges of providing landslide early warning on the USA West Coast. 相似文献