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1.
针对华北平原地域广阔,地貌和水文地质条件复杂、地下水开发利用程度高,地下水位埋深、包气带和含水层岩性差异性大等特点,基于大量钻孔和地下水位监测资料,厘定了包气带岩性和地下水位埋深变化对脆弱性评价影响,进而建立适宜华北平原的DRITC评价指标体系,并应用于华北平原地下水脆弱性评价。评价中,根据华北平原水文地质条件,划分4评价分区,剖分2 km×2 km单元34 253个,采用地下水位埋深、净补给量、包气带岩性、含水层累积厚度和渗透系数5个因子作为评价指标,求得地下水脆弱性综合指数及脆弱性分布图。结果表明,华北平原山前冲洪积扇和古黄河冲洪积平原的现代黄河影响带地下水脆弱性高或较高。野外采样7 472组地下水有机污染测试分析结果佐证,脆弱性高或较高区有机污染检出项数多,其他地区较少,由此验证评价结果的客观性。 相似文献
2.
对菏泽黄泛平原地区浅层地下水资源潜力进行了分析,采用地下水开采潜力指数法分析开采程度的强弱,判定其开采潜力。全区浅层地下水尚处于正均衡状态,属有开采潜力区。但区内浅层地下水资源分布与开采强度不均,开采布局不合理。为保持区内地下水资源的可持续利用,将全区按照科学合理的采。补,控,改等原则分为增源区、增采区、节水区和咸水改造利用区。 相似文献
3.
Underground mining hazard map including building site categories in an area affected by underground mining activities 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The objective of the paper is generation of an underground mining hazard map. The method applied to create the map is based on five categories of areas with different characters of underground mining influence making use of the so-called building site categories. The individual areas with different groups represent various suitability or unsuitability for founding new structures in such influenced territories. They will also reflect a higher or lower degree of influence on already existing structures. Areas affected by underground mining of category V are suitable without any significant restrictions. Areas of the medium category represent influence of building site categories III and IV with economically acceptable measures for founding engineering purposes. The last type is areas with high influence in the category I and II and they are clearly unsuitable for new development. Structures may be founded there in exceptional cases only. This methodology was applied on four map sheets in 1:10,000 scale in a coal mining region in the town of Karviná and its environs in the direction to the City of Ostrava (Czech Republic). Extensive changes caused by underground mining have been identified in the study area and the implementation of the suggested maps may help to deal with the issue in terms of land development by means of land use planning. 相似文献
4.
Muheeb Awawdeh Mutewekil Obeidat Mohammad Al-Mohammad Khaldoon Al-Qudah Rasheed Jaradat 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(6):2377-2392
Jordan with its limited water resources is currently classified as one of the four water-poor countries worldwide. This study was initiated to explore groundwater potential areas in Tulul al Ashaqif area, Jordan, by integrating remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and multicriteria evaluation techniques. Eight thematic layers were built in a GIS and assigned using multicriteria evaluation techniques suitable weights and ratings regarding their relative contribution in groundwater occurrence. These layers include lithology, geomorphology, lineaments density, drainage density, soil texture, rainfall, elevation, and slope. The final groundwater potentiality map generated by GIS consists of five groundwater potentiality classes: very high, high, moderate, low, and very low. The map showed that the study area is generally of moderate groundwater potentiality (76.35 %). The very high and high potential classes occupy 2.2 and 12.75 % of study area, respectively. The validity of results of this GIS-based model was carried out by superimposing existing hand dug wells on the final map. The single parameter sensitivity test was conducted to assess the influence of the assigned weights on the groundwater potential model, and new effective weights were derived. The resulted groundwater potentiality map showed that the area occupied by each of the groundwater potentiality classes has changed. However, the study area remains generally of moderate groundwater potentiality (70.93 % of the study area). The area occupied by the very high and high potential classes comprises 4.53 and 18.56 % of the study area, respectively. 相似文献
5.
本数据集在1：50 000活鸡兔图幅内综合应用了遥感、地面调查、物探、钻探,以及水化学同位素等多种方法进行数据采集,共完成2期遥感数据解译800 km2,地面调查点377个,丰水期、枯水期地下水水位统测240点次,抽水试验10组,水体样品采集共计127组,水文地质钻探累计进尺600 m。本数据集细化了工作区内第四系孔隙含水层、白垩系洛河组孔隙-裂隙含水层富水等级,填补了侏罗系安定组、直罗组水文地质信息的空白;同时,加入了与采煤相关的次生环境地质要素,并首次将浅层含水层疏干区较为准确地勾画出来,还建立了采煤影响下的地下水的循环模式,突出了矿区水文地质调查的特色。本数据集为矿区水文地质调查工作的规划、部署与总结提供常态化支持,对保障国家能源安全、生态安全具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
6.
黄际能 《华东地质学院学报》1998,21(1):77-83
本文运用模糊综合评判的方法对衡阳市区地下水资源进行评价及分区,从而将本市地下水资源分成Ａ,Ｂ,Ｃ,Ｄ四种区域,并对各区域的开采远景做了详尽的分析。分区结果为区内地下水资源的统一管理和合理开发利用,提供了科学的依据。 相似文献
7.
宿州矿区由于长期煤炭开采,不仅形成了浅层地下水降落漏斗,而且造成了不同程度的地下水污染,其污染现状及主要形成原因尚不清楚。为此,本文利用研究区水土污染调查获取的21个地下水样品的 等13项污染指标开展地下水污染源解析工作。在采用改进内梅罗综合污染指数法对研究区浅层地下水环境质量进行评价的基础上,利用因子分析和反距离权重插值方法对研究区浅层地下水进行污染源及空间分布特征解析。研究结果表明:(1)研究区浅层地下水受到了重度污染,以Ⅳ类水为主,污染较严重的指标为 、Mn、Fe和F-。(2)研究区浅层地下水主要包括4个污染源:原生地质环境(F1),其高值区分布在桃园煤矿及其周边;矿坑排水和矸石山淋溶作用下形成的矿业废水(F2),其在桃园和钱营孜煤矿及其周边地区污染较为严重,其余矿区也存在一定程度的矿业废水污染;由生活垃圾、人畜排泄物造成的农村污水(F3),其污染地区主要为朱仙庄和芦岭煤矿一带; 由化肥施用引起的农业污染(F4), 其高值区集中在朱仙庄煤矿及其周边区域。地下水水质的主要影响因素是浅层地下水原生地质环境和矿业废水,其中约有51.040%的污染来源于原生地质环境及煤矿矿业污染的混合污染,约有11.841%的污染来自煤矿矿业废水,其余污染主要来源于农村生活和生产污水以及农业面源污染。(3)研究区浅层地下水主要污染区域为桃园和钱营孜煤矿一带,祁南和祁东煤矿污染相对较轻,朱仙庄和芦岭煤矿水质较好。(4)建议对矿区地下水主要污染源及污染途径进行综合防治:加强矿坑排水口的污水达标排放监管力度;煤矿企业采用生产建筑材料等方法提高矸石的综合利用率;进一步加强与矿区污水、垃圾填埋处理等相关的基础设施建设。 相似文献
8.
采用ANP与模糊聚类分析相结合的分析方法,考虑采矿活动、矿体特性、岩溶条件、上覆盖层、地质构造、水文条件等6大影响因素,在大量工程实测资料基础上,利用ANP计算出各影响因素权重;运用模糊聚类分析进行岩溶塌陷危险性分区,并成功应用在古丹铅锌矿矿区岩溶塌陷分区预测中,其研究结果表明:采矿活动是影响矿区岩溶塌陷的最主要因素,其他因素也是影响矿区岩溶塌陷的主要因素;将研究区域分成了高危险区与低危险区两类;研究所得结果与经验值和实测值基本符合,可为古丹铅锌矿矿区岩溶塌陷的防治提供参考依据,为矿区岩溶塌陷的评价和预测提供一种新的方法与思路。 相似文献
9.
Frank Herrmann Christoph Jahnke Florian Jenn Ralf Kunkel Hans-Jürgen Voigt Jens Voigt Frank Wendland 《Hydrogeology Journal》2009,17(8):2049-2060
Groundwater recharge rates calculated with the GROWA model have been applied as the recharge boundary condition for the regional groundwater model Rurscholle. This model simulates groundwater dynamics in the Pleistocene aquifers of the Lower Rhine lignite mining area (Germany). GROWA uses an area-differentiated approach to calculate recharge rates depending on runoff-relevant site characteristics, which are represented by a set of baseflow indices. The regional accuracy of the coupled groundwater and GROWA models has been checked using groundwater hydrographs as validation criteria. The results suggest that the current (unadjusted) version of GROWA underestimates the regional groundwater recharge rate by 10–20 mm/yr. The comparative analysis identified areas where recharge calculations could be improved by adjusting the baseflow indices for areas where runoff is dominated by slope, low water-logging and a low degree of sealing. Using the adjusted set of baseflow indices, the mean groundwater recharge rate of the Rurscholle region was modelled as approx. 170 mm/yr. This study highlights the benefit of using a coupled approach and being able to independently calibrate and validate groundwater recharge boundary conditions in regional groundwater models. 相似文献
10.
11.
Geophysical and geomorphological approach for locating groundwater potential zones in Sukinda chromite mining area 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Ratnakar Dhakate D. K. Chowdhary V. V. S. Gurunadha Rao R. K. Tiwary Amlendu Sinha 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(8):2311-2325
The impact of mining causes deterioration of environment and decline of groundwater level in the adjoining mining areas, which influences groundwater source for domestic and agriculture purposes. This necessitated locating and exploiting of new groundwater source. A fast, cost-effective and economical way of locating and exploration is to study and analyze remote sensing data. Interpreted remote sensing data were used to select sites for carrying out surface geophysical investigations. Various geomorphologic units were demarcated, and the lineaments were identified by interpretation of false color composite satellite imageries. The potential for occurrence of groundwater in the Sukinda Valley was classified as very good, good, moderate and poor by interpreting the images. Sub-surface geophysical investigations, namely vertical electrical soundings, were carried out to delineate and demarcate potential water-bearing zones. Integrated studies of interpretation of geomorphologic, lineaments and geophysical data (aquifer thickness) were used to prepare groundwater potential map. The studies reveal that the groundwater potential of shallow aquifers is due to geomorphologic features, and the potential of deeper aquifers is determined by lineaments and degree of weathering. 相似文献
12.
伊敏露天煤矿位于中国东北部呼伦贝尔草原上,多年来的矿业活动对区域地下水环境造成严重影响,同时也给原本脆弱的草原生态环境带来威胁。文章以伊敏煤矿区地下水为研究对象,对比煤矿开采前（1973年）后（2016年）地下水系统的变化特征,运用流场对比、数理统计、Piper三线图、库尔洛夫式等对矿区地下水流场和水化学场的时空演化规律进行研究,以揭示强烈人工干预下草原矿区地下水与环境的相互作用机制。结果表明:露天煤矿开采活动使矿区地下水原生的还原环境变为氧化环境,煤层中的黄铁矿(FeS 2)被氧化、产酸并引发后续一系列反应,其结果导致矿区地下水pH值降低,总硬度(TH)、SO 2- 4、Fe 2+、Fe 3+、Ca 2+、Mg 2+离子浓度升高;水化学类型由以HCO 3—Na ·Ca ·Mg型为主演化为以HCO 3 ·SO 4—Na ·Ca ·Mg型为主;煤矿开采强烈疏排地下水加速了区域地下水循环速度,使地下水向着淡化方向发展,TDS、COD、Na ++K +等均呈降低趋势。 相似文献
13.
Prediction of ground subsidence in Samcheok City,Korea using artificial neural networks and GIS 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
This study shows the construction of a hazard map for presumptive ground subsidence around abandoned underground coal mines
(AUCMs) at Samcheok City in Korea using an artificial neural network, with a geographic information system (GIS). To evaluate
the factors governing ground subsidence, an image database was constructed from a topographical map, geological map, mining
tunnel map, global positioning system (GPS) data, land use map, digital elevation model (DEM) data, and borehole data. An
attribute database was also constructed by employing field investigations and reinforcement working reports for the existing
ground subsidence areas at the study site. Seven major factors controlling ground subsidence were determined from the probability
analysis of the existing ground subsidence area. Depth of drift from the mining tunnel map, DEM and slope gradient obtained
from the topographical map, groundwater level and permeability from borehole data, geology and land use. These factors were
employed by with artificial neural networks to analyze ground subsidence hazard. Each factor’s weight was determined by the
back-propagation training method. Then the ground subsidence hazard indices were calculated using the trained back-propagation
weights, and the ground subsidence hazard map was created by GIS. Ground subsidence locations were used to verify results
of the ground subsidence hazard map and the verification results showed 96.06% accuracy. The verification results exhibited
sufficient agreement between the presumptive hazard map and the existing data on ground subsidence area.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
14.
针对山东巨野新巨龙煤矿区地下水高TDS的现状,基于历史水质资料和取样测试结果,运用Piper三线图、相关性分析、氢氧同位素、Gibbs图解、离子比值与饱和指数等方法,探究其高TDS地下水水化学特征及成因。结果表明:随着建井和煤矿开采,研究区水化学环境发生改变,水化学类型不再是单一的SO4-Na型,深层灰岩水的类型中出现SO4·HCO3-Na和SO4-Ca·Mg型;研究区高TDS地下水的形成主要是因为含水层水动力条件差,高温水岩作用强,溶滤、蒸发浓缩作用明显,同时存在一定程度的反向阳离子交换作用;地下水体中白云岩和方解石表现为沉淀状态,石膏和盐岩处于溶解状态,是地下水主要成分Na+和SO42-的主要来源。研究成果不但为研究矿井水的构成、揭示煤矿区地下水污染及多场耦合的地下水演化过程和成因机制提供依据,还可为煤炭开采水害防治和矿井水处理利用奠定基础。 相似文献
15.
Intrinsic aquifer vulnerability assessment: validation by environmental tracers in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jürgen Mahlknecht Ma. Guadalupe Medina-Mejía Jaime Gárfias-Solis Irene Cano-Aguilera 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(3):477-491
Vulnerability maps are important tools for water decision makers and land-use planners for protection of aquifers against contamination. The vulnerability map, according to the parametric method SINTACX for assessing intrinsic aquifer vulnerability, was validated in a case study with chlorofluorocarbon tracer technologies (CFC-11, CFC-12, and CFC-113) of groundwater. The tested area was the 1,295 km2 volcano-sedimentary area of San Miguel de Allende (SMA), Mexico. From the results of this area, it appears that the vulnerability map is in parts inconsistent with the underlying groundwater flow system. Thus, the vulnerability map was corrected with tracer information. The validated vulnerability map indicates that the degree of vulnerability varies from low to moderate-high. Low vulnerability values are found in the graben extending from north to south along the SMA fault system and high values in recharge areas southeast and northwest of the study area. The investigation is a demonstration that the scientific reliability of results of the parametric method can be improved by validation with tracer techniques representing the groundwater dynamics. The flexible structure of SINTACX allows revising and adjusting scores and weights of the parameter maps to rebuild a new vulnerability map consistent with the hydrological system. 相似文献
16.
The content and distribution of nitrate in groundwater and surface water in the Karup Basin area have been investigated and analyzed. In addition to existing analyses, chemical profiles of the groundwater of the upper part of the water table sand aquifer were measured at a number of sites. The profiles indicate, in general, an upper oxidation zone with nitrate and a lower reduction zone free of nitrate. However, below plantation areas, the nitrate content in the oxidation zone is significantly low as well. The eight profiles are graphed separately, and all results are finally plotted on a single map by a graphic method that takes into consideration both the concentration and the level of the sampled water. The great variation in the nitrate content of the water from one water-supply well to another can easily be explained by plotting the values on maps using this graphing procedure, in conjunction with an examination of the nitrate zonation found in the profiles. The influence of agricultural activities is significantly related to the concentration of nitrate in surface water and groundwater under such water table conditions and circumstances as are found in the Karup Basin. 相似文献
17.
An integrated GIS and hydrochemical approach to assess groundwater contamination in West Ismailia area, Egypt 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Groundwater is a very important resource across Ismailia area as it is used in domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. This makes it absolutely necessary that the effects of land use change on groundwater resources are considered when making land use decisions. Careful monitoring of groundwater resource helps minimize the contamination of this resource. This study developed a GIS-based model to assess groundwater contamination in the West Ismailia area based on its hydrochemical characteristics. The model incorporated five different factors which are standardized to a common evaluation scale. The produced factor maps include the depth to the water table, the potential recharge, the soil type, the topography, and the thickness of saturation. These maps are combined in ERDAS Imagine, ARC INFO, and ARC GIS software using geostatistics and a weighted overlay process to produce the final groundwater potential risk map. The model output is then used to determine the vulnerability of groundwater to contamination by domestic, agricultural, and industrial sources. The produced risk maps are then combined with the groundwater contamination potentiality map using an arithmetic overlay in order to identify areas which were vulnerable to contamination. The results of this study revealed that the groundwater is highly vulnerable to contamination that may result from the inappropriate application of agrichemicals and domestic and industrial activities. The produced integrated potential contamination maps are very useful tools for a decision maker concerned with groundwater protection and development. 相似文献
18.
N. Kazakis C. Mattas A. Pavlou O. Patrikaki K. Voudouris 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(9):349
Multivariate statistical analysis has been widely used for hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater quality. In this study, hydrochemical data from three hydrological basins were used and two methods (factor and cluster analyses) were applied. The first area is the coastal area of Eastern Thermaikos Gulf where groundwater is influenced by seawater intrusion and geothermal fluids. The other two areas are the inland basins of Gallikos and Perdikas in which agricultural and industrial activities constitute the main anthropogenic pollution sources of groundwater. Initially, the aforementioned methods were applied for each area separately and resulted in a different number of significant factors and clusters, while the natural and anthropogenic influences were spatially determined in each area. Additionally, factor and cluster analyses were applied coupling data from all areas. Therefore, five clusters and three major factors were determined distinguishing the hydrochemical processes and impacts from anthropogenic activities in more detail. It is worth mentioning that the application of cluster analysis in the coupled groundwater samples of all studied areas resulted beneficially in the most hydrochemically complex area. Salinization dominates in the coastal area, while in Gallikos and Perdikas basins high concentrations of NO3 occur mainly due to agricultural activities and small livestock units. The numerous hydrochemical samples are identified as the main issue for the higher discretization and reliability of the second approach. Nevertheless, this study is associated with a number of limitations of multivariable statistical analysis regarding extreme concentrations of Cl and Na. This issue stimulates further research in overcoming and understanding these drawbacks. 相似文献
19.
The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer (NSSA) is the main groundwater resource of the El-Bahariya Oasis, which is located in the middle of the Western Desert of Egypt. This aquifer is composed mainly of continental clastic sediments of sandstone with shale and clay intercalations of saturated thickness ranging between 100 and 1500 m. Vulnerability assessment to delineate areas that are more susceptible to contamination from anthropogenic sources has become an important element for sustainable resources management and land use planning. Accordingly, this research aims to estimate the vulnerability of NSSA by applying the DRASTIC model as well as utilising sensitivity analyses to evaluate the relative importance of the model parameters for aquifer vulnerability in the study area. The main objective is to demonstrate the combined use of the DRASTIC and the GIS techniques as an effective method for groundwater pollution risk assessment, and mapping the areas that are prone to deterioration of groundwater quality and quantity. Based on DRASTIC index (DI) values, a groundwater vulnerability map was produced using the GIS. The aquifer analysis in the study area highlighted the following key points: the northeastern and western parts of the NSSA were dominated by ‘High’ vulnerability classes while the northwestern and southeastern parts were characterised by ‘Medium’ vulnerability classes. The elevated central part of the study area displayed ‘Low’ aquifer vulnerability. The vulnerability map shows a relatively greater risk imposed on the northeastern part of the NSSA due to the larger pollution potential of intensive vegetable cultivation. Depth-to-water, topography and hydraulic conductivity parameters were found to be more effective in assessing aquifer vulnerability. 相似文献
20.
Systematic planning for groundwater exploration using modern techniques is essential for the proper utilization, protection and management of this vital resource. Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images, a geographic information system (GIS), a watershed modeling system (WMS) and weighted spatial probability modeling (WSPM) were integrated to identify the groundwater potential areas in the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. Eight pertinent thematic layers were built in a GIS and assigned appropriate rankings. Layers considered were: rainfall, net groundwater recharge, lithology or infiltration, lineament density, slope, drainage density, depth to groundwater, and water quality. All these themes were assigned weights according to their relative importance to groundwater potentiality and their corresponding normalized weights were obtained based on their effectiveness factors. The groundwater potentiality map was finally produced by WSPM. This map comprises five gradational groundwater potentiality classes ranging from very high to very low. The validity of this unbiased GIS-based model was tested by correlating its results with the published hydrogeological map of Egypt and the actual borehole yields, where a concordant justification was reached. The map declared that the Sinai Peninsula is generally of moderate groundwater potentiality, where this class encompasses an area of 33,120?km2 which represents 52% of its total area. 相似文献