共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
针对高30断块砂岩油藏,筛选和评价了表面活性剂／聚合物（S／P）二元复合驱油体系。结果表明,表面活性剂CDS-1在有效浓度（0．025％～0．300％）低而宽的范围内,体系与原油的界面张力可降到能大幅度提高驱油效率的10^-2mN／m数量级;当疏水缔合聚合物HNT201—3浓度为1250mg／L、CDS-1浓度为0．05％时,体系在地层条件下的表现黏度可达72．37mPa·s。在模拟油层渗透率及非均质变异系数的岩心上,注入0．30PV二元复合体系及0．10Pv聚合物保护段塞时,可比水驱提高采收率20．91％OOIP。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(6)
本文以油-水界面张力为指标,考察了碳酸钠质量分数(WNa2CO3)在0.0%~1.2%时,鼠李糖脂(RL)和槐糖脂(SL)两种糖脂类生物表面活性剂复配体系的界面性能,进而通过岩芯驱替模拟实验考察具有不同界面性能的复配体系对胜利原油的驱替效果。结果表明,WNa2CO3≥0.2%时和WNa2CO3≥0.6%时,RL/SL/Na2CO3复配体系动态界面张力和平衡界面张力即可分别达到超低界面张力数量级范围。模拟岩芯驱替实验结果表明,复配体系动态界面张力最低值达到超低界面张力时,胜利原油的采收率可显著提高22.80%~30.30%。同时,RL/SL/Na2CO3复配驱油体系提高原油采收率较单独Na2CO3驱油体系高2倍左右,表明RL/SL/Na2CO3复配后在提高原油采收率方面具有协同增效作用。 相似文献
3.
锦州油田无碱二元复合驱实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对锦州油田的条件及开采现状,进行了α烯烃磺酸盐类表面活性剂HDS及SNF聚合物组成的二元复合体系（SIP）提高采收率的室内研究。考查了HDS表面活性剂的界面张力特性以及吸附特征;进行了二元复合体系的界面张力、表观黏度及岩心驱替等实验。结果表明：HDS表面活性剂油水平衡界面张力可以降低到超低数量级（10mN／m）,吸附损失小（0．2％浓度HDS≤2．0mg／g）;二元复合体系油水平衡界面张力也能达到超低;黏度保持率高（≥90％）,配伍性好,相对水驱提高采收率20％以上。故HDS表面活性剂是性能优良的表面活性剂,HDS与SNF聚合物组成的无碱二元复合体系能大大提高锦州油田的采收率,无碱二元复合驱是适合锦州油田开发的新技术。 相似文献
4.
不同培养条件对三角褐指藻生长及其生物活性成分积累的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)为研究材料,比较了Na NO3、NH4HCO3和CO(NH2)2为氮源的两种培养基(m L1和ASW培养基)对其生长和生物活性成分(岩藻黄素、金藻昆布糖和二十碳五烯酸(C20:5,EPA))时相积累的影响,同时分析了脂肪酸组成和总脂含量的变化。结果表明:以m L1培养基培养时,三角褐指藻的生物质质量浓度明显高于ASW培养基培养时的生物质质量质量浓度,尿素优于其他两种氮源,最大生物质质量质量浓度为3.7 g/L。不同培养条件下岩藻黄素含量的时相变化规律一致,均随着培养时间的延长呈现先增加后减少的趋势,其最高积累量分别为:13.27 mg/g(Na NO3)、13.23 mg/g(CO(NH2)2)和13.89 mg/g(NH4HCO3)(m L1);13.2 mg/g(Na NO3)、14.92 mg/g(CO(NH2)2)和13.6 mg/g(NH4HCO3)(ASW),由此可知氮源对岩藻黄素积累量影响不大。金藻昆布糖含量随着培养时间延长逐渐增加,其最大积累量分别为9.82 mg/g(NH4HCO3)(m L1)和8.59 mg/g(Na NO3)(ASW)。不同培养条件下其总脂含量变化不显著,均在培养末期达到最大值,分别为24.18%(NH4HCO3)(m L1)和23.79%(Na NO3)(ASW);其主要脂肪酸组成为:豆蔻酸(C14:0)、棕榈酸(C16:0)、棕榈油酸(C16:1)、硬脂酸(C18:0)、油酸(C18:1)、亚油酸(C18:2)、花生一烯酸(C20:1)、木焦油酸(C24:0)和EPA,其中,EPA含量随着培养时间延长逐渐下降,尿素最有利于EPA的积累。 相似文献
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以I.A.M.收集的培养基Ⅱ为基本培养基,采用单因子和L16(45)正交设计法,进行了舟形藻BT001对N、P、Fe、Si四种营养盐最适需求的研究,并在此基础上,研究了尿素对正交优化组合的影响以及以尿素作为氮源对正交优化组合的影响。结果表明,N、P、Fe、Si四种营养盐最佳单因子水平为:KNO3,300mg/L;Na2HPO4·12H2O,40mg/L;FeCl3,4mg/L;Na2SiO3·9H2O,200mg/L。四种营养盐正交组合水平为:KNO3,150mg/L;Na2HPO4·12H2O,40mg/L;FeCl3,4mg/L;Na2SiO3·9H2O,200mg/L。在正交组合水平基础上,添加16mg/LCO(NH2)2,可更好的促进该藻的生长和繁殖。在8天的培养中,最大细胞相对生长率可达0.1577。在等摩尔氮源的条件下,以CO(NH2)2代替正交优化水平组合中的KNO3对舟形藻BT001进行11天的培养。结果表明,以CO(NH2)2为氮源的藻细胞最大生长密度可达2.69×105cell/ml,明显地高于硝酸钾作为氮源培养的藻细胞密度。 相似文献
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适合于复合驱的防腐垢剂BH是一种磷硅酸盐。针对矿场实际,通过室内实验,对含该防腐垢剂的三元复合体系基本性质进行了研究。结果表明,这种磷硅酸盐防腐垢剂具有良好的缓蚀防垢效果,且驱油体系与渤海油田原油仍然可以形成超低界面张力。体系的表观黏度和界面张力的稳定性也有所改善。压力传导和转向调44能力实验结果表明：“聚合物／BH助剂”和“聚合物／表面活性剂／BH助剂”复合体系相比聚合物溶液其传导能力分别下降了14．2％和29．5％,转向调剖能力分别提高了11．8％和14．9％;而“聚合物／ga活性剂／BH助剂”相比“聚合物／表面活性剂／NaOH”体系传导能力相差不大,但转向调剖能力相对提高了10％左右。可见BH防腐垢剂不仅具有良好的缓蚀防垢和降低界面张力效果,而且具有较强的转向调剖能力。 相似文献
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含聚污水的水质问题是目前聚驱注水油田最紧迫的问题之一,以渤海旅大10-1油田含聚污水为例,利用原子力显微镜、环境扫描电镜等微观分析手段,实验研究含聚污水中残余聚合物对悬浮物浓度和粒径中值,含油率以及结垢离子浓度的具体影响,并进行了含聚污水回注储层岩心动态损害实验。研究表明：当残余聚合物浓度由0 mg/L时逐级增加到150 mg/L时,注入水悬浮物浓度增加了近269.0%,粒径中值仅增加0.3μm,抽滤速度下降了99.3%,含油率下降了86.5%,镁钙离子浓度下降了18.0%。残余聚合物的絮凝作用以及对纤维滤膜的吸附作用是悬浮物增加、抽滤速度显著降低的主要原因,乳化作用使得常规含油率测定值偏低,且残余聚合物浓度及分子量越高,注入水水质变化趋势越明显。另外,单一残余聚合物对高渗透储层损害有限,其与悬浮物及含油的协同作用是主要伤害源。 相似文献
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大庆油田萨北开发区二类油层二元复合驱技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大庆油田萨北开发区二类油层具有渗透率低和非均质严重等特点,水驱开采效果差。对4种不同表面活性剂二元复合体系黏度、界面张力及其稳定性进行了评价,优选出性能好的“炼化石油磺酸盐／聚合物”二元复合体系。还对该体系的驱油效果、注入参数、黏度和段塞组合等进行了实验研究,结果表明“炼化石油磺酸盐／聚合物”二元复合体系具有较好增油效果。“整体”段塞和段塞黏度排序“低中高”注入方式的增油效果较好,调剖愈早,增油效果愈好。推荐矿场采用的注入方式为：先注入0．05～0．08PV的Cr^3＋聚合物凝胶段塞,再转注0．33～0．49PV二元复合体系（CP=1200mg／L,CS=0．2％）。在上述配方组成和段塞组合条件下,比水驱提高采收率15％以上。 相似文献
10.
一种新型水溶性聚氨酯表面活性剂的研制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以甲苯2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚乙二醇(PEG800和PE G1000)、马来酸酐(MA)和三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为主要原料,合成了2种水溶性聚氨酯表面活性剂(B1PEG800)和(B2PEG1000),用 FT-IR以及1HNMR对产物的分子结构进行了表征,并探讨了其最佳合成条件,同时对其CMC(临界胶束浓度)值、浊点和表面张力等性能进行了测定.结果表明,反应物在65 ℃反应4 h,并且在反应过程中添加35 mL丙酮/TDI/mol作为溶剂时产物的状态最好.用最大气泡压力法测得25 ℃B1 PEG800的临界胶束浓度为0.05 mol/L,此时的表面张力为33 mN/m;B2PEG1000的临界胶束浓度为0.037 5 mol/L,此时的表面张力为38.85 mN/m;溶液表现为牛顿型流体. 相似文献
11.
为探讨南海的海水碳酸盐现况，本文利用“海研一号”三个航次（第266、287及316航次）的机会，搜集南海东北角的碳酸盐因子，如温度盐度、pH值、总碱度及总二氧化碳等。南海深层水具有西菲律宾海水深约2200m的水团特性，实测结果显示此两水团的碳酸盐因子并没有明显的差异。由滞留时间、无机碳及有机碳分解速率计算结果显示，南海深层水的滞留时间以40a较为合理。 相似文献
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Saúl Alvarez-Borrego Louis I. Gordon Lynn B. Jones P. Kilho Park Ricardo M. Pytkowicz 《Journal of Oceanography》1972,28(2):71-93
The vertical distribution of density, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, apparent oxygen utilization, nutrients, preformed phosphate, pH, alkalinity, alkalinity: chlorinity ratio, in situ partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and percent saturation of calcite and aragonite, for the Southeastern Bering Sea, is studied and explained in terms of biological and physical processes. Some hydrological interactions between the Bering Sea and the North Pacific Ocean are explained. The horizontal distribution of dissolved oxygen at 2000 and 2500 m depths, throughout the Bering Sea, indicates that deep water is flowing from the Pacific, through the Kamchatka Strait, and then northward and eastward in the Bering Sea. Based on the dissolved oxygen distribution we estimate roughly that it takes 20 years for the deep waters to move from the Kamchatka Strait to the Southeastern part of the eastern basin. The surface concentration of nutrients is higher in the Bering Sea than in the North Pacific Ocean, probably because of upwelling and intense vertical mixing in the Bering Sea. A multivariable regression analysis of dissolved oxygen as a function of phosphate concentration and potential temperature was applied for the region where the potential temperature-salinity diagram is straight, and the confidence interval of the PO4 coefficient, at the 95% probability level, was found consistent with theRedfield biochemical oxidation model. The calcium carbonate saturation calculations show that the Bering Sea is supersaturated with aragonite in the upper 100 m, and with calcite in the upper 200 m. Below these depths seawater is undersaturated with respect to these two minerals. 相似文献
13.
ＣａｒｂｏｎａｔｅｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙａｎｄｔｈｅａｎｔｈｒｏｐｏｇｅｎｉｃＣＯ_２ｉｎｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ￥Ｃｈｅｎ－ＴｕｎｇＡｒｔｈｕｒＣｈｅｎａｎｄＭｉｎｇ－ＨｓｉｕｎｇＨｕａｎｇ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＳｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒ２１，１９９３；ａ?.. 相似文献
14.
Franck Touratier Catherine Goyet 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(10):1708-1716
Monthly observations accumulated over more than a decade at the DYFAMED time-series station allow us to estimate the temporal evolution of anthropogenic CO2 in the western Mediterranean Sea. This objective is reached by using recognized interpolation procedures to reconstruct the incomplete distributions of measured total dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity. These reconstructed fields, associated with those available for dissolved oxygen and temperature, are used to estimate the distribution of anthropogenic CO2. This is done with the recently developed Tracer combining Oxygen, inorganic Carbon, and total alkalinity (TrOCA) approach. The main results indicate that (1) the concentrations of anthropogenic CO2 are much higher than those found in the Atlantic Ocean (the minimum concentration at the DYFAMED site is 50 μmol kg−1), and (2) the temporal trend for anthropogenic CO2 is decreasing, especially in the intermediate and the deep layers of the water column at the DYFAMED site. This decrease in anthropogenic CO2 is significantly correlated with a decrease in the dissolved oxygen and with an increase in both salinity and temperature. These trends are discussed in the light of recent published works that propose explanations for the observed increases in salinity and temperature that occurred in the western basin since the 1950s. We conclude that the decrease in anthropogenic CO2 probably resulted from an invasion of old water masses. Different hypotheses on the origin of these water masses are considered and several arguments indicate that the eastern Mediterranean transient (EMT) could have played an important role in the observed decrease in anthropogenic CO2 concentrations at the DYFAMED site. 相似文献
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The variability of the total alkalinity in the sea ice of the high-latitudinal Arctic from November 2005 to May 2006 is considered. For the bulk of the one- and two-year sea ice, the alkalinity dependence on the salinity is described as TA = k × Sal, where k is the salinity: alkalinity ratio in the under-ice water. The given relationship is valid within a wide salinity range from 0.1 psu in the desalinated fraction of two-year ice to 36 psu in the snow on the young ice surface. Geochemically significant deviations from the relationship noted were observed exclusively in the snow and the upper layer of one-year ice. In the upper layer of one-year ice, an alkalinity deficiency is observed (ΔTA ～ ?0.07 mequiv/kg, or ?15%). In the snow on the surface of the one-year ice, an alkalinity excess is formed under the desalination (ΔTA is as high as 1.3 mequiv/kg, 380%). The deviations registered are caused by the possibility of carbonate precipitation in the form of CaCO3 · 6H2O under the seawater freezing. It is shown that the ice formation and the following melting might cause a loss of the atmospheric CO2 of up to 3 × 1012 g C/year. 相似文献
17.
The chemical speciation of Cu and Zn was investigated by voltammetric titration methods in the surface waters (10 m) of the western Black Sea during an Istanbul–Sevastopol cruise conducted in November 1998. Supporting parameters (temperature (T), salinity (S), pH, alkalinity (Alk), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and dissolved and particulate 234Th) were obtained in order to distinguish hydrographic features against involvement of the metals in biogeochemical processes. In the Turkish continental slope region, the cruise track intersected a narrow vein of colder water originating on the western shelf. The core of this cold water vein was characterised by a relatively low salinity, higher specific alkalinity and higher metal (especially Cu) and metal-binding ligand concentrations.A very large portion of Cu (93–99.8%) and Zn (82–97%) was organically complexed. The degree of complexation was highest in shelf waters and lowest in the central gyre. Titration data for Cu were modelled by two classes of organic binding ligands characterised by (CL1=3–12 nM, log K1′=13.1–13.9) and (CL2=20–70 nM, log K2′=9.4–11.2). These ligands occurred mainly in the ‘dissolved’ phase, as defined by 0.4-μm filtration. The stronger Cu-binding ligand seemed to be produced in situ in response to Cu concentration, whereas the weaker Cu-binding ligand appeared to be derived from terrestrial sources and/or reducing shelf sediments. Titration results for Zn were generally represented by one class of ligands (CL1=8–23 nM, log K1′=9.4–10.2), which were almost uniformly distributed between the ‘dissolved’ (78±8%) and the particulate phase (22±8%). The concentration of these strong Zn-binding ligands showed a very good correlation with SPM (r2=0.64), which improved when the dissolved ligands alone were considered (r2=0.78). It is hypothesised that these ligands were produced in situ by the bacterial breakdown of particulate organic matter. 相似文献
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In order to understand the influence of the South China Sea (SCS) water on the Kuroshio, and to study the dissolved carbonate system, we participated in six WOCE cruises aboard R/V Ocean Researcher 1. The areas studied were the northeast South China Sea and the West Philippine Sea near the Luzon Strait. Temperature, salinity, pH, alkalinity and total CO2 were measured. Our data indicate that, although the Kuroshio and the SCS waters flow in and out of the Luzon Strait near surface, the SCS water seems mainly to flow out of the SCS at mid-depth. There exists a mid-depth front near 122°E between 350 and 1350 m in all seasons and years that we studied. The water mass between 350 and 1350 m east of the front belongs to the West Philippine Sea proper water, while on the west is the mixed water of the South China Sea and the West Philippine Sea. 相似文献