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三江地区义敦岛弧安山岩成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
义敦岛弧是一个发育于张性薄陆壳基底上的三叠纪岛弧,以发育岛弧裂谷和成对的火山弧为特征。弧火山岩主要为钙碱性火山岩系,以安山岩为主,其岩石组合为玄武岩—安山岩—英安岩。岩相学、地球化学、相平衡及定量模型计算均证实,分离结晶作用是产生钙碱性火山岩系的主导作用,安山岩是钙碱性玄武岩浆在不同压力条件下发生多阶段分离结晶的产物。岩浆演化具有相对封闭系统特征。玄武岩浆在较大压力条件下发生Ol+Cpx+Pl±Mt±Ap结晶(F=0.46)后,派生岩浆发生Hb+Cpx+Pl+Mt结晶分离(F=0.25),产生安山岩浆。该岩浆可能在较低压力下再次发生结晶分异,从而派生出英安岩。角闪石在相对较高的压力条件下的大量结晶是安山岩形成的主要原因。 相似文献
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汉诺坝玄武岩岩浆起源及上升的p-t路线 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文应用改进了的Carmichael计算法,对汉诺坝玄武岩中的原生岩浆或近原生岩浆——夏威夷岩与上地幔橄榄岩、巨晶及其寄主岩浆、斑晶与岩浆之间的平衡温度、压力进行了计算。结果表明,汉诺坝玄武岩起源于43-56km,温度为1240-1300℃。单斜辉石及歪长石巨晶分别形成于上地幔顶部及下地壳最下部,斑晶结晶于上部地壳。这表明,在莫霍面附近及上部地壳可能存在有次级的岩浆房。岩浆上升的p-t路线与玄武岩的液相线一致,说明原生岩浆由上地幔源区主要呈液体状态快速上升达到地表。 相似文献
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吉林平岗-渭津中性-中基性火山岩特征及成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
平岗-渭津中性-中基性火山岩的岩石化学特征显示:岩石类型主要有钾玄岩、玄武安山岩、安山岩、歪长粗面岩,岩浆系列以高K钙碱性系列为主,伴有钾玄岩系列和拉斑玄武岩系列;轻稀土富集,Eu异常不明显;Sr、K、Rb、Ba、Th等强不相容元素富集、高场强元素Nb相对亏损,反映出火山岩具火山弧与板内玄武岩构造背景的双重性.钾玄岩的Mg值及Ni含量表明钾玄岩属进化了的基性岩浆.根据Nd、Sr同位素比值及英安岩中辉石巨晶的结晶深度、松辽盆地东侧的地壳厚度等资料,认为钾玄岩浆来源于幔源基性岩浆.通过对岩浆密度及结晶压力、温度的估算认为多斑钾玄岩的形成与岩浆密度、斜长石密度及斜长石的结晶压力有关. 相似文献
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南极罗斯岛地区玄武岩中包裹体研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
南极罗斯岛玄武岩中分布着三种熔融包裹体(结晶质熔融包裹体、流体-熔融包裹体和玻璃质熔融包裹体)和CO_2流体包裹体。流体-熔融包裹体是一种新类型,它代表了从岩浆分异出热液的过程。本次研究中还发现了玄武岩浆的不混溶性,从而形成了富含K、Na和富含Fe、Mg的两种不同成分的岩浆。玄武岩中熔融包裹体的均一温度在1190—1350℃,其形成压力大于7.2—7.5 kbar。发现许多包裹体爆裂并有次生熔融包裹体形成,这证明玄武岩可能来自下地壳或上地幔。在这么深的地方形成的玄武岩浆分异出来的流体相主要是CO_2,而不是地壳中常见的H_2O,这对于了解上地幔、下地壳环境下可能存在的流体相方面有重要意义。 相似文献
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本文以微量元素地球化学观点探讨四川米易白马层状岩体辉长岩及碱性粗面—碱性正长岩的成因。形成岩体的岩浆与峨眉山玄武岩同源。母岩浆分离结晶时,结晶相演化路线为:橄榄岩橄长岩 辉长岩 正长岩;岩浆演化路径为;橄榄玄武岩浆(类似Olivine basali) 中长玄武岩浆(类似Hawaiite) 更长玄武岩浆(类似Mugearite)碱性(纳质)粗面、正长岩浆,最终向粗面岩岩浆趋势演化。文中对辉长岩和粗面—正长岩微量元素、稀土元素数据进行分析、作图,提出形成辉长岩浆主要是峨眉山玄武岩母岩浆的第三代残余岩浆,即更长玄武岩浆;而粗面—正长岩浆是堆积型辉长岩结晶后所留下的残余岩浆,也是整个峨眉山玄武岩浆分离结晶的终点。 相似文献
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汪洋撰文批评笔者提出的"广西型花岗岩"没有任何意义,认为花岗岩类的全岩Sr、Yb含量不是指示花岗质岩浆起源压力的可靠指标,以Sr-Yb为基础的花岗岩分类没有地球动力学意义。笔者认为,花岗岩可以形成于不同的压力条件下不是笔者的发明,国外早有论述,例如Defant和Drummond(1990)关于埃达克岩和岛弧ADR的认识。汪洋认为,花岗质岩浆可以形成于下地壳部位,也可以形成于中地壳深度,还认为基性岩浆分离结晶可以形成花岗质岩浆,这都是笔者不赞同的,因为缺乏野外证据。广西型花岗岩以富Sr和Yb为特征,指示在相图上位于石榴石出现线之下和斜长石消失线之上,暗示残留相既无石榴石也无斜长石。汪洋引用了不同地区不同作者对广西型花岗岩成因的不同见解,与笔者关于广西型的概念没有任何关系,也不能据此否定笔者关于广西型花岗岩的认识。 相似文献
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浙江沿海晚中生代拉斑玄武岩浆侵位深度的讨论 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
浙江沿海晚中生代复合岩流中拉斑玄武岩高度富集大离子亲石元素,反映除了源区富集作用外还有地壳混染的贡献,Rb、Nb的丰度特征指示玄武岩浆主要与中、上地壳岩石发生了相互作用。用岩石化学成分计算的这种拉斑玄武岩浆熔体的平均密度为ρm = 2.678 g/cm3 , 根据岩浆与周围地壳的压力平衡关系,推算得来自地幔的玄武岩浆一直侵位到距地表约16.3km左右的中地壳时才滞留下来,并被相应的地壳物质所混染。 相似文献
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幔源角闪石巨晶中硫化物熔融包裹体研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
硫化物熔融包裹体研究是认识硫化物矿床成矿元素来源和演化的重要手段,由于硫化物熔融包裹体的体积较小(粒径仅为10～20μm),其详细化学元素组分的难以获得一直是制约进一步研究的瓶颈。笔者在前人研究的基础上,借助于扫描电镜、电镜能谱和二次飞行时间离子探针(Tof-SIMS)对产于铜陵地区角闪石巨晶中的硫化物熔融包裹体进行了详细的研究,首次获得了一套精确的矿物化学资料和元素分布图。矿物学研究表明,角闪石巨晶在上地幔和下地壳均有结晶,温压区间分别为T:850～900℃(温度),P:0.70×109～0.82×109Pa(压力),对应深度D:23.10～27.06km;和T:900～950℃,P:1.09×109～1.17×109Pa,D:35.97～38.61km。元素分布图显示,硫化物熔融包裹体主要有两种元素组成体系:S-Fe-Mn-Ni-Rb-Sr-Ba和S-Fe-Cu-Sr,幔源硫化物体系中Mn、Ni、Rb、Ba等元素具有相似的性质特征可共溶,与Cu则表现出不混溶。在铜陵地区,上地幔的部分熔融形成了一套碱性玄武岩浆,后受岩浆底侵作用和壳幔相互作用影响,底侵进入下地壳深位岩浆房,发生结晶分异和同化混染作用,形成一套轻度演化的玄武岩浆,可能为辉长质。上地幔和下地壳的角闪石巨晶分别是由上地幔碱性玄武岩浆和下地壳轻度演化的玄武岩浆(辉长质)高压下结晶的产物。当上地幔碱性玄武岩浆上侵到下地壳深位岩浆房以后,发生结晶分异作用,又由于地壳硅镁层的混染作用,使得玄武岩浆中硫溶解度降低,促其熔离,从而释放大量的硫(S,以及Ni、Cu、Cr)。角闪石巨晶中的硫化物熔融包裹体正是在下地壳深位岩浆房中,由正在结晶的角闪石巨晶在结晶分异和轻度演化的玄武质岩浆中捕获的不混溶硫化物熔融液滴形成的。铜陵地区在中生代经历了一个长期的大规模的岩浆底侵作用和壳幔相互作用过程,由于下地壳硅镁层混染作用使得轻度演化的玄武岩浆释放大量硫,必然会在莫霍面附近形成大规模高浓度的硫富集区,这些组分在岩浆上侵作用、地壳减薄作用或者裂谷作用的影响下很容易再活化,进入区域岩浆-热液流体系统,最终参与形成区域大规模的硫化物矿床。 相似文献
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本文通过岩浆粘度、密度、不混溶分离速度及岩浆沿裂隙上升速度等的计算,论证了黄山杂岩体第二侵入期岩浆发生液态不混溶的流体动力学条件,从而推断存在一个次级岩浆房,并认为这个次级岩浆房为液态不混溶分离提供了稳定空间。在此基础上,结合地幔中硫化物的分布特点和地幔岩块底辟上升模式,提出了第二侵入期岩浆的形成演化模式。 相似文献
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K. R. Walker Germaine A. Joplin J. F. Lovering R. Green 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):149-177
With increasing intensity of metamorphism, and particularly metasomatism, it becomes more and more difficult to separate amphibolites in North‐western Queensland into ortho‐ and para‐amphibolites, and a stage is reached at which the two are indistinguishable. Field evidence, carefully sought, has enabled the origin of some apparently identical rocks to be determined, and laboratory methods were applied to these rocks to see if grounds for the separation of amphibolites of unknown origin could be determined. None of the six methods tried — mineralogy (including feldspar twinning), chemical analysis (including TiO2 content), spectrography, rock magnetism — proved to be as successful as the field method in distinguishing the two rock groups; some methods used with apparent success elsewhere, such as feldspar twinning or chemical analyses, are found to be unsuccessful here, which suggests that though the problem is world‐wide, solutions are only of local validity. 相似文献
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Stepwise accumulation and ascent of magmas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
One of the currently popular theories on magma ascent is that it mainly occurs by propagating hydrofractures (dykes) and that magma viscosity is the primary rate‐controlling factor. This theory is based on mathematical models for single hydrofractures under idealised conditions. We simulated magma ascent with air ascending through gelatine and observed that the air ascended in batches, following paths made by their predecessors. Multiple batches accumulate at obstacles along the path. Although magma viscosity may control ascent rate during movement, obstacles ultimately control the size and average ascent velocity of ascending batches. We propose that step‐wise movement of magma batches is the mechanism of primary accumulation and ascent from the partially molten source rock of a magma to its first emplacement site and therefore the main ascent mechanism for granitic magmas. ‘Classical’ dyking is the mechanism for secondary ascent from a magma chamber. 相似文献
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岩浆侵位机制研究综述 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
岩浆侵位机制是研究地球动力作用的重要依据,综合国内外资料,对岩浆侵位机制提出了按侵位深度,岩浆迁移距离,岩浆结晶程度的分类方案及其联合侵位类型。分别对各类侵位机制 岩浆侵位过程,特点,研究现状进行了综述,并讨论了岩浆定位空间问题和影响岩浆定位的因素。 相似文献
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基性岩床岩浆物理特征的计算＊——以攀枝花层状岩体为例宋谢炎王玉兰张正阶马润则（成都理工学院，成都６１００５９）关键词基性岩浆温度场密度场对流稳定性岩浆分异过程是一个复杂的物理和化学过程，尽管根据岩石学及地球化学研究可以对岩浆分异机制作出定性解释，但这... 相似文献
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The processes of long‐range granitic magma transfer from mid‐ and lower crustal anatectic zones to upper crustal pluton emplacement sites remain controversial in the literature. This is partly because feeder networks that could have accommodated this large‐scale magma transport remain elusive in the field. Existing granite ascent models are based largely on numerical and theoretical studies that seek to demonstrate the viability of fracture‐controlled magma transport through dykes or self‐propagating hydrofractures. In most cases, the models present very little supporting field evidence, such as sufficiently voluminous near‐ or within‐source magma accumulations, to support their basic premises. We document large (deca‐ to hectometre‐scale), steeply dipping and largely homogeneous granite lenses in suprasolidus (~5 kbar, ~750 °C) mid‐crustal rocks in the Damara Belt in Namibia. The lenses are surrounded by and connected to shallowly dipping networks of stromatic leucogranites in the well‐layered gneisses of the deeply incised Husab Gorge. The outcrops define a four‐stage process from (i) the initial formation and growth of large, subvertical magma‐filled lenses as extension fractures developed at high angles to the subhorizontal regional extension in relatively competent wall‐rock layers. This stage is followed by (ii) the simultaneous lateral inflation and (iii) subcritical vertical growth of the lenses to a critical length that (iv) promotes fracture destabilization, buoyancy‐driven upward fracture mobilization and, consequently, vertical magma transport. These field observations are compared with existing numerical models and are used to constrain, by referring to the dimensions of the largest preserved inflated leucogranite lens, an estimate of the minimum fracture length (~100 m) and volume (~2.4 × 105 m3) required to initiate buoyancy‐driven brittle fracture propagation in this particular mid‐crustal section. The critical values and field relationships compare favourably with theoretical models of magma ascent along vertical self‐propagating hydrofractures which close at their tails during propagation. This process leaves behind subtle wake‐like structures and thin leucogranite trails that mark the path of magma ascent. Reutilization of such conduits by repeated inflation and drainage is consistent with the episodic accumulation and removal of magma from the mid‐crust and is reflected in the sheeted nature of many upper crustal granitoid plutons. 相似文献
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The latest eruption of Haruna volcano at Futatsudake took placein the middle of the sixth century, starting with a Plinianfall, followed by pyroclastic flows, and ending with lava domeformation. Gray pumices found in the first Plinian phase (lowerfall) and the dome lavas are the products of mixing betweenfelsic (andesitic) magma having 50 vol. % phenocrysts and maficmagma. The mafic magma was aphyric in the initial phase, whereasit was relatively phyric during the final phase. The aphyricmagma is chemically equivalent to the melt part of the phyricmafic magma and probably resulted from the separation of phenocrystsat their storage depth of 15 km. The major part of the felsicmagma erupted as white pumice, without mixing and heating priorto the eruption, after the mixed magma (gray pumice) and heatedfelsic magma (white pumice) of the lower fall deposit. Althoughthe mafic magma was injected into the felsic magma reservoir(at 7 km depth), part of the product (lower fall ejecta) precedederuption of the felsic reservoir magma, as a consequence ofupward dragging by the convecting reservoir of felsic magma.The mafic magma injection made the nearly rigid felsic magmaerupt, letting low-viscosity mixed and heated magmas open theconduit and vent. Indeed the lower fall white pumices preservea record of syneruptive slow ascent of magma to 2 km depth,probably associated with conduit formation. KEY WORDS: high-crystallinity felsic magma; magma plumbing system; multistage magma mixing; upward dragging of injected magma; vent opening by low-viscosity magma 相似文献
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Granitic magmas migrated through Early Proterozoic middle–lower crust at Mt Hay, central Australia, via a diverse network of narrow structurally controlled channelways, during a period of progressive W–SW-directed thrusting (D1a–D1d). They utilized existing folds, boudins and shear zones, or created new channels by magmatic fracture either parallel to layering or, rarely, in irregular arrays. The magmas rose obliquely, parallel to the plunging (50–60°) regional elongation direction, which was defined by coaxial folds, boudin necks and a strong mineral-elongation lineation. Megacrystic charnockitic magmas migrated through metre-scale conduits during D1a–D1b, but leucosomes were generally restricted to smaller (centimetre-scale) structures that existed throughout the entire deformation history. Thus, D1a/D1b leucosomes were potential feeders of in situ partial melts to the adjacent larger conduits of charnockite magma, thereby providing a pervasive interconnected network that allowed efficient migration of all magma types during the early stages of thrusting. The upper–middle crust of the Anmatjira–Reynolds Range area contains abundant megacrystic granitoid sheets that are of similar age and geochemistry to those at Mt Hay. They are considered to have formed as syntectonic intrusions emplaced during W–SW-directed thrusting, as at Mt Hay, suggesting that granitic magmas formed near the base of the continental crust passed through the mid-lower crustal level (25–30 km) exposed at Mt Hay and accumulated, in batholithic proportions, at shallower crustal levels (12–20 km) such as the Anmatjira–Reynolds Range area. The observations imply that granitoid magmas in the deep crust are capable of pervasive migration through the crust during major compressive, noncoaxial shear deformation. Localization of magmas by sequentially developed, narrow, compressive structures suggests that dilatancy followed successive foliation-forming events, a situation that can occur during steady-state deformation if the effective confining pressures are low, which would be a result of high and possibly variable rates of magma influx. The inferred rapid melt segregation and migration during deformation suggest that large chambers do not form until magma reaches neutral buoyancy in the middle to upper continental crust. 相似文献
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岩浆 热液过渡型矿床的若干特征 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
摘 要 在内生成矿作用中成矿流体有 3 种:岩浆、 热液和岩浆 热液过渡性流体。 从地质研
究、 矿物包裹体、 成矿实验 3 个方面简介了岩浆 热液过渡型矿床研究的进展。 指出岩浆 热
液过渡性流体有 2种形成方式:一是在岩浆结晶过程中挥发分不断集中而形成, 另一是由熔
离作用所形成。 并从矿体与岩浆岩的关系、 矿体与围岩的关系、 矿石的结构构造、 围岩蚀变、
分带现象、 矿物包裹体 6 个方面总结了岩浆 热液过渡型矿床的特征。 相似文献