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在济南南部下寒武统朱砂洞组丁家庄段硅质白云岩中,发育地震引起的硅质触变脉、硅质触变沉陷构造和触变楔等软沉积变形构造。从同一地震触变沉陷构造中,采得一组灰黑色燧石样品。使用英国VG354同位素质谱仪和同位素质谱分析方法,测得每个样品的 147Sm/144Nd 和 143Nd/144Nd 同位素值。采用Sm-Nd 等时线法,对燧石进行了测年。获得燧石的成岩年龄为530.8±6.1 Ma,由于软燧石(硅胶体)成岩至少经历了0.1 Ma的时间,所以,地震沉积事件发生在530.7±6.1 Ma,属早寒武世早期。由于测年结果与沧浪铺阶的下界年龄接近,山东朱砂洞组丁家庄段无化石且河南省标准地层剖面中的整个朱砂洞组属沧浪铺阶,这暗示济南地区朱砂洞组丁家庄段属沧浪铺阶。本次测年得到了鲁西地区第1个下寒武统的同位素年龄值,这对确定该地区早寒武世地震沉积事件发生的时间具有参考价值和意义,也为深入研究鲁西地区寒武纪地层提供了新资料。 相似文献
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在塔里木盆地塔中隆起与满加尔坳陷结合部——顺托果勒地区的深钻井岩心中,发现了大量早中志留世软沉积变形构造。其中主要包括液化砂岩脉、液化角砾岩、触变底劈构造、触变楔、负载构造、球-枕构造和复合混插构造等。通过系统地观察软沉积变形构造的岩石组成、构造形貌及样式、垂向分布的循环性、横向分布的延展性、沉积环境及与古活动断裂的关系,确定其为震积岩。结合该区断裂早中志留世的发育特征,推测发震断裂主要可能是塔中隆起与满加尔坳陷结合部的北东向走滑逆冲断裂以及北西向剪切拉张断裂。在早志留世柯坪塔格组沉积时约4 Ma中最少发生了26次古地震事件(震级M5)。这些古地震记录不仅反映了研究区志留纪构造的活动性,也是弥补主构造运动中高频次构造事件脉动性、循环性的重要证据,为重建中古生代的古构造提供新的线索。 相似文献
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浙江桐村寒武系大陈岭组地震驱动的软沉积变形构造特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
软沉积变形构造是确立古地震是否发育的关键证据之一。在浙江桐村寒武系大陈岭组剖面确立的三个地震驱动的软沉积变形事件层中,主要软沉积变形有地震微断裂、微褶皱、液化构造,它们反映出沉积物遭受地震作用时,流体压力改变的程度以及发生液化的强度。其中,微褶皱构造主要包括微褶皱纹层和与液化脉有关的褶皱;液化构造包括泄水构造和液化脉构造。通过对软沉积变形构造的形态特征、产状观察和统计,与其它非地震成因的类似构造相区分,进一步确立地震是它们最有可能的驱动机制,统计出三个事件层中地震扰动层的厚度和震中距,估算事件层Ⅱ和事件层Ⅲ的震级为6~7级和6级左右,并初步认为在大陈岭组地震带以外的地层中,存在臼齿构造。从而,完善了震积岩的识别标志和岩相序列,深化了对浙西寒武系大陈岭组地震事件沉积的认识。 相似文献
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四川盆地东南部早三叠世地震事件沉积及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四川盆地南部及东南部下三叠统飞仙关组和嘉陵江组中常发育有一系列宏观及微观的软沉积物变形、震积角砾岩块、板状砾屑、层内微断层等特殊的地震成因沉积构造。飞仙关组震积岩在重庆北碚白庙子剖面飞仙关组第一、二段中产出,嘉陵江组震积岩产于四川叙永龙洞湾嘉陵江组第二段及四川兴文、贵州习水等地的相同层位中,其沉积序列明显,反映了古地震从开始至平静的全过程。作者认为,早三叠世时,上扬子板块西缘以川西义敦弧的演化为代表的三江构造带活动强烈,可能与四川盆地早三叠世震积岩的形成有联系,随着三江构造带板块碰撞、洋壳俯冲消减,能在较大区域内引发地震活动、火山喷发。 相似文献
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通过对26口井岩心观察,结合区域构造背景,在鄂尔多斯盆地富县探区三叠系延长组中识别出典型的震积岩。该区震积岩代表性沉积构造有液化砂脉、液化卷曲变形、环状层理、负载构造、球枕构造、微断层、微裂缝、震裂岩与震碎角砾岩,其中液化砂脉和液化卷曲变形是地震引起的主要软沉积变形构造。震积岩垂向序列划分为两类:一种以脆性变形为主,自下向上依次为下伏未震层,扰动层,微断层、微裂缝及震裂岩层段,液化卷曲变形层段,震碎角砾岩层段,液化砂脉层段及上覆未震层;另一种以软沉积变形为主,自下至上依次为下伏未震层,环状层段,扰动层,球枕构造及负载构造层段,液化砂脉及液化卷曲变形层,枕状层及上覆未震层。富县探区延长组中的震积岩说明在该盆地晚三叠世存在一个强地震事件活跃期;震积岩中的微裂缝、微断层、震裂岩及液化砂脉可改善储集层物性,同时震碎角砾岩和网状砂脉也是良好的储集层。 相似文献
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川东地区飞一段震积岩的发现及识别标志 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
川东华蓥山断裂带附近飞仙关组一段发育大量同生变形构造。通过野外剖面和岩心观察分析,认为液化岩脉、重力断层、刺穿层理、肠状构造、火焰构造及卷曲变形构造等同生变形构造为震积成因。震积作用沉积可分为原地震积岩(A)、震积—海啸岩(B)和背景沉积(C)三个单元,其中A单元包括液化碳酸盐岩脉(a)、震褶岩(b)、震裂岩(c),发育a b c（A1）和b c（A2）两种组合。飞一段各震积单元组成A1 B A2 C沉积序列。结合对区域构造背景的分析,认为震积岩的发育与华蓥山断裂带的阶段性活动有关,华蓥山断裂带强烈活动诱发地震是飞一段震积岩形成的动力机制。 相似文献
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湖南慈利溪口震旦系陡山沱组震积岩的发现及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湘西慈利溪口地区震旦系陡山沱组地层中首次发现碳酸盐岩原地震积岩。笔者通过剖面实测,详细观察和描述,结合构造背景,识别出阶梯状层内断层、液化碳酸盐岩脉、液化角砾岩、负荷构造以及微褶纹理等典型的震积软沉积变形构造的地质记录;震积序列在剖面结构上显示自下而上由下伏未震动层-阶梯状层内断层-微褶皱层-液化碳酸盐岩层-液化角砾岩层-上覆未震动层的渐变过程及震积作用逐渐衰减的趋势。震积岩发育的层位在时空上显示良好的可对比性,反映陡山沱期晚期构造活动强烈,并具备多旋回、多周期的特点。构造的活跃加速了有机碳库的氧化,为该时期多细胞生物的繁盛和大规模的成磷成矿作用奠定了基础;同时保存完好的震积地层记录对推断研究区的古沉积环境也具有重要意义。 相似文献
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湖相沉积古地震研究是对地表破裂古地震研究的重要补充.通过详细的野外地质调查,在西藏许如错地区全新统湖相地层内新发现大量地震触发软沉积物变形构造(震积岩),层内发育液化脉、液化曲卷变形、液化角砾岩、液化水压构造、滴状体与锥状体、砾石丘、负载构造和火焰构造等软沉积变形标志,还发育同震断层、震裂缝和同震褶皱等同震构造标志.根据软沉积变形标志与震级之间的关系,结合历史地震统计液化颗粒范围,通过C14和光释光年龄测定,推测古地震事件发生在±7.5 ka,MS>7.5级;填补了该区历史地震的空缺,为恢复青藏高原南北向地堑地震活动历史及迁移规律提供了素材.震积岩中见大量砾石液化现象,这对现阶段以砂土-粉砂土研究为主的砂土液化调查工作提出了新挑战. 相似文献
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为完善对滦平盆地西瓜园组地震引发的软沉积变形构造的认识,综合利用野外观测与室内分析相结合、宏观沉积体系与微观软沉积变形构造等分析相结合的方法,对研究区震积成因的软沉积变形构造进行了研究.结果表明,在盆内主、次控盆断层夹角位置的两处剖面中,可见枕状构造、液化砂岩脉、液化砂岩侵位、液化角砾岩、液化卷曲变形、砂岩滴落体、火焰构造、球枕构造、枕状层、负荷构造和震积不整合的组合发育,且同一剖面具有垂向多次震积作用的连续发育特点,这些震积作用均被识别在扇三角洲前缘相带内.根据这些软沉积变形发育的位置、彼此组合伴生、连续发育和区域分布的特点,可识别出连续2次大地震的发生. 相似文献
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软沉积物变形构造的成因和触发机制是灾变沉积学的一个热点问题。除地震成因外,非地震成因也能够导致软沉积物变形。因此,区分地震成因与非地震成因的软沉积物变形构造是理解其变形过程和地质事件的关键。论文重点讨论了青藏高原东部河湖相沉积中地震成因和非地震成因(暴雨与河流冲刷、风暴浪、洪水、重力碎屑流、崩塌滑坡、落石沉陷、冻融作用等)的软沉积物变形构造,并对其形成特征、环境意义和区别标志作了初步的归纳和分析。此外,对同震的软沉积物变形构造与震后相关的沉积构造关系进行了讨论。初步认为地震成因的软沉积物变形构造,是一种层间的,变形尺度较小(一般为厘米级)的变形构造,并具有侧向连续性和垂向重复性,变形强弱和频率与之到断层的距离存在明显相关性。对青藏高原东部软沉积物变形的成因进行区分,有助于为正确认识该区的地震灾害类型和致灾机理提供重要的基础资料,也可为更全面地认识该区的古地震事件提供新的依据。 相似文献
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Tectonic Taphrogenesis and Paleoseismic Records from the Yishu Fault Zone in the Initial Stage of the Caledonian Movement 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
TIAN Hongshui ZHANG Zengqi ZHANG Banghu ZHU Jiewang SANG Zhongxi LI Hongkui 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(4):936-947
The Yishu fault zone (mid-segment of the Tanlu fault zone) was formed in the Presinian. Periodic tectonic activities and strong seismic events have occurred along the fault zone. During the initial stage of the Caledonian Movement, with the proceeding of the marine transgression from the Yishu paleo-channel to the western Shandong, uneven thick sediments, composed mainly of sand, mud and carbonates of littoral, lagoon, and neritic facies, were deposited in the Yishu fault zone and western Shandong, and constructed the bottom part of the Lower Cambrian consisting of the Liguan and Zhushadong formations. Through field observations and the lab-examinations, various paleoseismic records have been discovered in the Liguan Formation and the Zhushadong Formations of the Yishu fault zone and its vicinity, including some layers with syn-sedimentary deformation structures that were triggered by strong earthquakes (i.e. seismite, seismo-olistostrome, and seismo-turbidite). Paleoseismic records developed in the Zhushadong Formation are mainly seismites with soft-sediment deformation structures, such as liquefied diapir, small liquefied-carbonate lime-mud volcano, liquefied vein, liquefied breccia, convolute deformation (seismic fold), graded fault, soft siliceous vein, and deformation stromatolite, as well as seismites with brittle deformation structures of semiconsolidated sediments. Paleoseismic records preserved in the Liguan Formation are not only seismo-olistostrome with a slump fold, load structure, and ball-and-pillows, but also seismo-turbidite with convolution bedding, graded bedding and wavy-bedding. However, in the western Shandong area, the closer to the Yishu fault zone, the greater the thickness of the Liguan Formation and the Zhushadong Formation, the greater the number and type of layers with paleoseismic records, and the higher the earthquake intensity reflected by associations of seismic records. This evidence indicates that tectonic taphrogenesis accompanied by strong earthquake events occurred in the Yishu fault zone during the initial stage of the Caledonian Movement, which embodied the break-up of the Sino-Korean Plate along the Paleo-Tanlu fault zone at that time. 相似文献
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粒径小于0.005mm的饱和淤泥和黏土等对地震和外力扰动产生的敏感变化特性被称为触变性。地震触发的软沉积物流动变形构造包括液化流动变形与触变流动变形两大类,前者多指沙层和碳酸盐沉积物的液化流动变形,后者指饱和的泥质沉积物触变流动变形。在地层剖面中,饱和淤泥、淤泥质土、黏土、硅泥(胶体)、碳酸盐灰泥等黏性沉积物的触变流动变形构造广布,它们多与沙层等的液化变形构成复合变形构造,但中外地质学家对触变流动变形构造注意较少,往往把它们笼统解释为液化流动构造。近年来地震触发饱和淤泥的触变流动变形现象逐渐引起地质学家的关注。作者对国内多个地层剖面中地震触发的饱和淤泥流动变形记录进行了描述和成因解释,并按照触变流动变形的方向性归纳出4类模式,即①向上流动、②向下流动、③同时向上及向下流动和④近水平方向流动,希望引起从事软沉积物变形和古地震研究的地质学家的关注。 相似文献
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山东郯城麦坡被命名为典型地震活动断层遗址,其最醒目的标志是郯庐断裂带主干断层(F2)东盘的紫灰色下白垩统逆冲到断层西盘的红棕色第四系之上且界线截然。野外调查和试验分析表明,郯城麦坡第四系于泉组中发育液化砂涌管、液化砂脉、震裂缝充填构造和同沉积断层等地震引发的软沉积物变形构造——地震事件记录。根据软沉积物变形构造的砂质黏土光释光测年分析,推断这些软沉积物变形构造所记录的地震事件属郯庐断裂带主干断层F2在中更新世晚期发生的强构造与地震活动。这些地震事件记录为研究郯庐断裂带新构造运动与地震活动提供了新资料,也丰富了该地震活动断层遗址的内涵。 相似文献
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山东省平邑盆地古近系官庄组湖相核形石较富集,其特征和分布受古沉积环境的控制。在总结前人研究的基础上,运用野外现场观测、偏光显微镜和扫描电镜观察、地球化学测试等技术手段,研究了本区核形石灰岩的岩石形态、结构、古生物、构造、元素地球化学等具有环境指示意义的特征,并据此将该区核形石分成A、B两类,它们之间根本性区别在于其形成的沉积环境的不同,A类核形石形成于翻转、滚动的强水动力的,水体较浅且较混浊的滨湖岸滩-浅湖浅滩环境;而B类核形石形成于水体较深、较平静的且较清澈的浅湖湖湾环境。研究结果表明,本区的核形石发育于一个处于湖侵体系域阶段的干热湖盆的缓坡地带。 相似文献
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Development of large‐scale seismites in Upper Cretaceous fluvial sandstones in a fault‐proximal setting 
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下载免费PDF全文 Michael C. Wizevich Edward L. Simpson Hannah L. Hilbert‐Wolf Sarah E. Tindall 《Sedimentology》2016,63(6):1719-1738
Large‐scale soft‐sediment deformation structures occur within fluvial sandstone bodies of the Upper Cretaceous Wahweap Formation in the Kaiparowits basin, southern Utah, USA. These structures represent an exceptional example of metre‐scale fault‐proximal, seismogenic load structures in nearly homogenous sandstones. The load structures consist of two types: large‐scale load casts and wedge‐shaped load structures. Large‐scale load casts penetrate up to 4·5 m into the underlying sandstone bed. Wedge‐shaped load structures include metre‐scale, parallel, sub‐vertical features and decimetre‐scale features along the periphery of the large‐scale load casts or other wedge‐shaped load structures. Wedge‐shaped load structures contain well‐developed, medial cataclastic shear deformation bands. All load structures contain pervasive well‐defined millimetre‐thick to centimetre‐thick internal laminae, oriented parallel to the outside form of the load structures and asymptotic to deformation bands. Both types of load structures formed because of an inverted density profile, earthquake‐triggered liquefaction and growth of irregularities (a Rayleigh–Taylor instability) on the sandstone–sandstone erosional contact. The internal laminae and deformation bands formed during deformation and clearly demonstrate polyphase deformation, recording a transition from liquefied to hydroplastic to brittle modes of deformation. Decimetre‐scale wedge‐shaped load structures on the edge of the large‐scale load casts probably formed towards the end of a seismic event after the sediment dewatered and increased the frictional contact of grains enough to impart strength to the sands. Metre‐scale wedge‐shaped load structures were created as the tips of downward foundering sediments were driven into fractures, which widened incrementally with seismic pulsation. With each widening of the fracture, gravity and a suction effect would draw additional sediment into the fracture. Superimposed laminae indicate a secondary syndeformational origin for internal laminae, probably by flow‐generated shearing and vibrofluidization mechanisms. Large‐scale and wedge‐shaped load structures, polyphase deformation and secondary laminae may characterize soft‐sediment deformation in certain fault‐proximal settings. 相似文献
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This study identified soft–sediment deformation structures(SSDS) of seismic origin from lacustrine sediments in the late Quaternary paleo–dammed lake at Tashkorgan, northeastern Pamir. The observed deformation structures include sand dykes, liquefied diapir and convolute structures, gravity induced SSDS, and thixotropic pillar and tabular structures. We conducted a preliminary study on the morphology, formation and trigger mechanisms of pillar and tabular structures formed by liquefaction of underlying coarse sand and thixotropy of the upper silty clay. The regional tectonic setting and distribution of lacustrine strata indicate that the most probable trigger for the SSDS in lacustrine sediments was seismic activity, with an approximate earthquake magnitude of M6.0; the potential seismogenic fault is the southern part of the Kongur normal fault extensional system. AMS 14 C dating results indicate that the SSDS were formed by seismic events occurring between 26050±100 yr BP and 22710±80 yr BP, implying intense fault activity in this region during the late Pleistocene. This study provides new evidence for understanding tectonic activity and regional geodynamics in western China. 相似文献