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1.
七带石斑鱼（Epinephelus septemfasciatus）两个野生群体形态差异分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
对2种不同地理种群七带石斑鱼进行14项形态性状的测定,采用2种多元统计分析方法和t-检验方法,比较了2个群体的外部形态特征。t-检验结果表明,2群体在14个性状中有12个性状表现出极其显著差异（P〈0．01）,1个性状表现出差异显著（P〈0．05）。主成分分析构建了3个反映形态特征信息的综合性指标—主成分1、主成分2和主成分3,三者的贡献率分别为29．873％、25．091％和16．875％,三个主成分的累积贡献率为71．804％,2群体之间存在明显的偏离态势,形成两个不同的类群,2群体在主成分1轴上的差异较在主成分2轴上的差异更为明显,主成分1主要由经卜检验差异指标数量多和差异程度大的性状组成。判别分析表明,2个七带石斑鱼群体的形态差异显著（P〈0.0001）,建立了2个群体的判别函数,其判别准确率及综合判别率均为100％,可以认为逐步判别法对七带石斑鱼不同群体的初步鉴定是可行的。差异系数（C.D）计算的结果表明,尽管2群体在形态上存在一定的差异,但尚未达到亚种水平。主成分分析、t-检验和判别分析的结论基本上是类似的,它们从不同的角度反映了群体间的形态学差异。 相似文献
2.
以虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)优良品系选育群体作为试验群体,采用单性状动物模型估计头长、体长、体高、体厚、尾柄长、尾柄高、背吻距、背鳍基长等8个主要体尺性状的遗传力。结果显示,上述8个性状的遗传力在0.131—0.313之间,多为中等或偏低遗传力,其中背鳍基长遗传力最低,为0.131±0.039,体高遗传力最高,为0.313±0.086。采用皮尔逊相关法估计上述性状之间的表型相关,结果显示,上述性状间表型相关变化范围为0.016—0.815。采用两性状动物模型估计上述性状间的遗传相关,结果表明,上述性状间遗传相关变化范围为0.065—0.866。在本研究中,比较分析表型和遗传相关结果发现,虽然体厚与尾柄长的表型相关最低,仅为0.016,相关性不显著(P0.05),但是遗传相关为0.247,似然比检验(likelihood ratio test,LRT)统计分析达到显著水平(P0.05)。体厚与背鳍基长的表型相关为0.647,t检验达到显著水平(P0.05);但遗传相关仅为0.305,LRT统计分析未达到显著水平(P0.05)。上述结果说明,在该群体中各体尺性状的表型相关和遗传相关水平不完全相同,在设计育种方案时应综合考虑各个性状间的表型相关及遗传相关。 相似文献
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大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)四个不同地理群体数量形态特征比较 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2
采用聚类分析、单因子方差分析和主成分分析方法,对4个不同地理群体大菱鲆进行了12项形态性状的测定,比较了4个群体的外部形态特征。聚类分析结果表明,4种大菱鲆群体中,丹麦和挪威之间及英国和法国之间的差异较小,丹麦、挪威和英国、法国之间的差异较大。方差分析多重比较结果表明,4个群体在部分形态特征上表现出明显差异,其中,英国和法国群体、挪威和丹麦群体之间形态特征差异显著指标较少,丹麦群体和英国群体、丹麦群体和法国群体、挪成群体和英国群体、挪威群体和法国群体之间差异显著指标较多。主成分分析构建了3个反映形态特征信息的综合性指标——主成分1、主成分2和主成分3,三者的贡献率分别为38.663%、14.117%和8.976%,三个主成分的累积贡献率为61.756%.分析结果显示,英国和法国群体、挪威和丹麦群体之间形态差异不显著,丹麦群体和英国群体、丹麦群体和法国群体、挪威群体和英国群体、挪威群体和法国群体之间形态差异显著,且差异主要来源于主成分1,而主成分1主要由经方差分析多重比较差异显著的指标组成,显然,主成分分析与聚类分析、方差分析的结论基本上是类似的,它们从不同的角度反映了群体间的形态学差异. 相似文献
4.
中国沿海梭鱼群体的形态学比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对采自营口、东营、青岛、温州和广州近海的5个梭鱼(Liza haematocheilus)群体、164个个体进行了7个可数性状和33个可量性状的测量,并利用主成分分析、判别分析、单因子方差分析和聚类分析等方法进行了群体间形态差异比较研究。各个群体的分节特征值存在较大程度的交叉,群体间无明显差异,难以作为梭鱼群体划分的依据。对可量性状的主成分分析结果表明,前9个主成分的累积贡献率为79.6%,根据第1和第2主成分绘制的散点图显示,各群体之间有较大程度的重叠;采用对判别贡献较大的8个变量,分别构建了5个梭鱼群体的判别公式,其综合判别准确率达83.5%;在单因子方差分析中,各群体在大多数变量中都存在显著差异(P=0.05),说明梭鱼各个群体间已经出现了一定程度的形态特征差异;聚类分析结果显示,5个群体划分为2大组,但聚类的结果与地理分布不一致,这种现象可能是由梭鱼的形态差异受环境因素的影响大于受地理距离的影响所造成的。 相似文献
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凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)体重、存活性状的遗传参数和基因型与环境互作效应 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用7个凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)引进群体,通过双列杂交和巢式交配设计构建家系,建立育种基础群体,估计体重、存活性状的遗传参数和基因型与环境互作效应(genotype by environment interactions,G×E)。结果表明,凡纳滨对虾基础群体体重和存活性状的遗传力估计值范围分别在(0.19±0.09)—(0.43±0.09),(0.27±0.04)—(0.45±0.06),均属于中高遗传力水平,并且统计检验显著(P<0.05)。Z-score检验表明,体重和存活性状遗传力估计值在河北黄骅(HBHH)和青岛鳌山(QBAS)两个测试场间差异均不显著。体重和存活性状的表型和遗传相关系数分别为0.007和0.008,表现为低度线性负相关。对于体重和存活性状,HBHH和QBAS场间的遗传相关分别为0.83±0.04和0.40±0.11。体重性状的G×E效应不显著(K<0.5),但存活性状存在显著的G×E效应(K>0.5)。上述结果显示,凡纳滨对虾基础群体体重和存活性状的遗传变异丰富,多代选择可获得较大的遗传进展。 相似文献
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七带石斑鱼(Epinephelus septemfasciaius)两个野生群体形态差异分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对2种不同地理种群七带石斑鱼进行14项形态性状的测定,采用2种多元统计分析方法和t-检验方法,比较了2个群体的外部形态特征.t-检验结果表明,2群体在14个性状中有12个性状表现出极其显著差异(P＜0.01),1个性状表现出差异显著(P＜0.05).主成分分析构建了3个反映形态特征信息的综合性指标--主成分1、主成分2和主成分3,三者的贡献率分别为29.873%、25.091%和16.875%.三个主成分的累积贡献率为71.804%,2群体之间存在明显的偏离态势,形成两个不同的类群,2群体在主成分l轴上的差异较在主成分2轴上的差异更为明显,主成分1主要由经t-检验差异指标数量多和差异程度大的性状组成.判别分析表明,2个七带石斑鱼群体的形态差异显著(P＜0.0001),建立了2个群体的判别函数,其判别准确率及综合判别率均为100%,可以认为逐步判别法对七带石斑鱼不同群体的初步鉴定是可行的.差异系数(CD)计算的结果表明,尽管2群体在形态上存在一定的差异,但尚未达到亚种水平.主成分分析、t-检验和判别分析的结论基本上是类似的,它们从不同的角度反映了群体间的形态学差异. 相似文献
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长牡蛎不同地理群体选育系数量性状的比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在长牡蛎的选择育种工作中,为了查明不同地理群体间重要数量性状的差异,利用方差分析、协方差分析和列联表分析等统计方法对长牡蛎中国、日本、韩国3个地理群体快速生长选育系F2代的生长性状、壳型指数和颜色性状进行了比较分析.结果表明,利用协方差分析对个体大小进行校正后的数据分析结果与原数据的分析结果基本相同,不同群体间的主要数量性状差异显著.生长方面,日本群体的壳高和总质量显著大于中、韩群体,表明日本群体具有明显的生长优势;壳型指数方面,中国和韩国群体间无显著差异,日本群体壳型指数C显著高于中、韩群体,其余壳型指数均低于中、韩群体;颜色性状方面,不同群体的左壳、外套膜和闭壳肌痕的着色程度差异均极显著,左壳的着色程度依次为,韩国群体＞日本群体＞中国群体,外套膜和闭壳肌痕的着色程度均依次为,日本群体＞中国群体＞韩国群体.不同群体间数量性状的显著差异为进一步开展长牡蛎杂交育种以及特色育种研究提供了良好的素材. 相似文献
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鱼类矢耳石形态分析及其在群体识别中的应用实例研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用表征性耳石形态变量(大小变量和轮廓变量)分析方法研究了渤海近岸与长江口水域四个刀鲚(Coilia nasus)群体的识别问题,对比分析了协方差(ANCOVA)校正法和异速生长(allometric growth)校正法在耳石形态分析中去除体长效应的应用效果。研究结果表明,两种体长校正法对四个群体的判别分析结果未产生显著影响,总体识别成功率分别为50.3%和56.5%,群体内个体识别成功率分别为39.5%—90.0%和34.0%—65.1%;长江口水域不同体长组刀鲚个体的耳石形态差异显著,表明其耳石形态特质随鱼类个体生长而变化,协方差校正法和异速生长校正方法的体长组别间的总体识别成功率分别为94.8%和98.8%。整体上,耳石轮廓变量(如矩形趋近率、圆度、分形维数、傅立叶系数等)对刀鲚群体间或体长组别间识别的贡献值高于耳石大小变量(如周长、平均直径、重量、面积等),而二者结合能更有效地识别各地理群体或体长组别个体。 相似文献
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在长牡蛎的选择育种工作中,为了查明不同地理群体间重要数量性状的差异,利用方差分析、协方差分析和列联表分析等统计方法对长牡蛎中国、日本、韩国3个地理群体快速生长选育系F2代的生长性状、壳型指数和颜色性状进行了比较分析。结果表明,利用协方差分析对个体大小进行校正后的数据分析结果与原数据的分析结果基本相同,不同群体间的主要数量性状差异显著。生长方面,日本群体的壳高和总质量显著大于中、韩群体,表明日本群体具有明显的生长优势;壳型指数方面,中国和韩国群体间无显著差异,日本群体壳型指数C显著高于中、韩群体,其余壳型指数均低于中、韩群体;颜色性状方面,不同群体的左壳、外套膜和闭壳肌痕的着色程度差异均极显著,左壳的着色程度依次为,韩国群体>日本群体>中国群体,外套膜和闭壳肌痕的着色程度均依次为,日本群体>中国群体>韩国群体。不同群体间数量性状的显著差异为进一步开展长牡蛎杂交育种以及特色育种研究提供了良好的素材。 相似文献
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红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)三个不同群体的形态差异分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对3个不同群体红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)进行16项形态性状的测定,采用3种多元统计分析方法和方差分析方法,比较了3个群体的外部形态特征。聚类分析结果表明,3个红鳍东方鲀群体中,日本群体(J)和养殖群体(R)的差异最大,野生群体(Y)和养殖群体(R)的差异最小。主成分分析构建了3个反映形态特征信息的综合性指标——主成分1、主成分2和主成分3,三者的贡献率分别为54.961%、12.129%和6.459%,三个主成分的累积贡献率为73.549%,3群体之间存在明显的偏离,形成三个不同的类群,其中,养殖群体(R)和日本群体(J)间的形态差异最大,野生群体(Y)和养殖群体(R)的形态差异最小。判别分析表明,3个红鳍东方鲀群体的形态差异基本上达到差异显著(P0.05)或极显著水平(P0.01),利用贡献率最大的6个参数建立了3个群体的判别函数,其判别准确率分别为97.69%—100%(P1)、97.39%—100%(P2),综合判别率为98.62%,可以认为逐步判别法对于红鳍东方鲀不同群体的初步鉴定是可行的。方差分析多重比较结果表明,3个群体在部分形态特征上表现出明显差异,其中,养殖群体(R)和日本群体(J)之间形态特征差异显著指标最多,养殖群体(R)和野生群体(Y)之间形态特征差异显著指标最少。显然,聚类分析、主成分分析、判别分析和方差分析的结论基本上是类似的,它们从不同角度反映了群体间的形态学差异。 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献
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A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage. 相似文献
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利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is 相似文献
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Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):181-203
Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established. 相似文献