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1.
七带石斑鱼（Epinephelus septemfasciatus）两个野生群体形态差异分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
对2种不同地理种群七带石斑鱼进行14项形态性状的测定,采用2种多元统计分析方法和t-检验方法,比较了2个群体的外部形态特征。t-检验结果表明,2群体在14个性状中有12个性状表现出极其显著差异（P〈0．01）,1个性状表现出差异显著（P〈0．05）。主成分分析构建了3个反映形态特征信息的综合性指标—主成分1、主成分2和主成分3,三者的贡献率分别为29．873％、25．091％和16．875％,三个主成分的累积贡献率为71．804％,2群体之间存在明显的偏离态势,形成两个不同的类群,2群体在主成分1轴上的差异较在主成分2轴上的差异更为明显,主成分1主要由经卜检验差异指标数量多和差异程度大的性状组成。判别分析表明,2个七带石斑鱼群体的形态差异显著（P〈0.0001）,建立了2个群体的判别函数,其判别准确率及综合判别率均为100％,可以认为逐步判别法对七带石斑鱼不同群体的初步鉴定是可行的。差异系数（C.D）计算的结果表明,尽管2群体在形态上存在一定的差异,但尚未达到亚种水平。主成分分析、t-检验和判别分析的结论基本上是类似的,它们从不同的角度反映了群体间的形态学差异。 相似文献
2.
以虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)优良品系选育群体作为试验群体,采用单性状动物模型估计头长、体长、体高、体厚、尾柄长、尾柄高、背吻距、背鳍基长等8个主要体尺性状的遗传力。结果显示,上述8个性状的遗传力在0.131—0.313之间,多为中等或偏低遗传力,其中背鳍基长遗传力最低,为0.131±0.039,体高遗传力最高,为0.313±0.086。采用皮尔逊相关法估计上述性状之间的表型相关,结果显示,上述性状间表型相关变化范围为0.016—0.815。采用两性状动物模型估计上述性状间的遗传相关,结果表明,上述性状间遗传相关变化范围为0.065—0.866。在本研究中,比较分析表型和遗传相关结果发现,虽然体厚与尾柄长的表型相关最低,仅为0.016,相关性不显著(P0.05),但是遗传相关为0.247,似然比检验(likelihood ratio test,LRT)统计分析达到显著水平(P0.05)。体厚与背鳍基长的表型相关为0.647,t检验达到显著水平(P0.05);但遗传相关仅为0.305,LRT统计分析未达到显著水平(P0.05)。上述结果说明,在该群体中各体尺性状的表型相关和遗传相关水平不完全相同,在设计育种方案时应综合考虑各个性状间的表型相关及遗传相关。 相似文献
3.
大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)四个不同地理群体数量形态特征比较 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2
采用聚类分析、单因子方差分析和主成分分析方法,对4个不同地理群体大菱鲆进行了12项形态性状的测定,比较了4个群体的外部形态特征。聚类分析结果表明,4种大菱鲆群体中,丹麦和挪威之间及英国和法国之间的差异较小,丹麦、挪威和英国、法国之间的差异较大。方差分析多重比较结果表明,4个群体在部分形态特征上表现出明显差异,其中,英国和法国群体、挪威和丹麦群体之间形态特征差异显著指标较少,丹麦群体和英国群体、丹麦群体和法国群体、挪成群体和英国群体、挪威群体和法国群体之间差异显著指标较多。主成分分析构建了3个反映形态特征信息的综合性指标——主成分1、主成分2和主成分3,三者的贡献率分别为38.663%、14.117%和8.976%,三个主成分的累积贡献率为61.756%.分析结果显示,英国和法国群体、挪威和丹麦群体之间形态差异不显著,丹麦群体和英国群体、丹麦群体和法国群体、挪威群体和英国群体、挪威群体和法国群体之间形态差异显著,且差异主要来源于主成分1,而主成分1主要由经方差分析多重比较差异显著的指标组成,显然,主成分分析与聚类分析、方差分析的结论基本上是类似的,它们从不同的角度反映了群体间的形态学差异. 相似文献
4.
中国沿海梭鱼群体的形态学比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对采自营口、东营、青岛、温州和广州近海的5个梭鱼(Liza haematocheilus)群体、164个个体进行了7个可数性状和33个可量性状的测量,并利用主成分分析、判别分析、单因子方差分析和聚类分析等方法进行了群体间形态差异比较研究。各个群体的分节特征值存在较大程度的交叉,群体间无明显差异,难以作为梭鱼群体划分的依据。对可量性状的主成分分析结果表明,前9个主成分的累积贡献率为79.6%,根据第1和第2主成分绘制的散点图显示,各群体之间有较大程度的重叠;采用对判别贡献较大的8个变量,分别构建了5个梭鱼群体的判别公式,其综合判别准确率达83.5%;在单因子方差分析中,各群体在大多数变量中都存在显著差异(P=0.05),说明梭鱼各个群体间已经出现了一定程度的形态特征差异;聚类分析结果显示,5个群体划分为2大组,但聚类的结果与地理分布不一致,这种现象可能是由梭鱼的形态差异受环境因素的影响大于受地理距离的影响所造成的。 相似文献
5.
凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)体重、存活性状的遗传参数和基因型与环境互作效应 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用7个凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)引进群体,通过双列杂交和巢式交配设计构建家系,建立育种基础群体,估计体重、存活性状的遗传参数和基因型与环境互作效应(genotype by environment interactions,G×E)。结果表明,凡纳滨对虾基础群体体重和存活性状的遗传力估计值范围分别在(0.19±0.09)—(0.43±0.09),(0.27±0.04)—(0.45±0.06),均属于中高遗传力水平,并且统计检验显著(P<0.05)。Z-score检验表明,体重和存活性状遗传力估计值在河北黄骅(HBHH)和青岛鳌山(QBAS)两个测试场间差异均不显著。体重和存活性状的表型和遗传相关系数分别为0.007和0.008,表现为低度线性负相关。对于体重和存活性状,HBHH和QBAS场间的遗传相关分别为0.83±0.04和0.40±0.11。体重性状的G×E效应不显著(K<0.5),但存活性状存在显著的G×E效应(K>0.5)。上述结果显示,凡纳滨对虾基础群体体重和存活性状的遗传变异丰富,多代选择可获得较大的遗传进展。 相似文献
6.
七带石斑鱼(Epinephelus septemfasciaius)两个野生群体形态差异分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对2种不同地理种群七带石斑鱼进行14项形态性状的测定,采用2种多元统计分析方法和t-检验方法,比较了2个群体的外部形态特征.t-检验结果表明,2群体在14个性状中有12个性状表现出极其显著差异(P＜0.01),1个性状表现出差异显著(P＜0.05).主成分分析构建了3个反映形态特征信息的综合性指标--主成分1、主成分2和主成分3,三者的贡献率分别为29.873%、25.091%和16.875%.三个主成分的累积贡献率为71.804%,2群体之间存在明显的偏离态势,形成两个不同的类群,2群体在主成分l轴上的差异较在主成分2轴上的差异更为明显,主成分1主要由经t-检验差异指标数量多和差异程度大的性状组成.判别分析表明,2个七带石斑鱼群体的形态差异显著(P＜0.0001),建立了2个群体的判别函数,其判别准确率及综合判别率均为100%,可以认为逐步判别法对七带石斑鱼不同群体的初步鉴定是可行的.差异系数(CD)计算的结果表明,尽管2群体在形态上存在一定的差异,但尚未达到亚种水平.主成分分析、t-检验和判别分析的结论基本上是类似的,它们从不同的角度反映了群体间的形态学差异. 相似文献
7.
长牡蛎不同地理群体选育系数量性状的比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在长牡蛎的选择育种工作中,为了查明不同地理群体间重要数量性状的差异,利用方差分析、协方差分析和列联表分析等统计方法对长牡蛎中国、日本、韩国3个地理群体快速生长选育系F2代的生长性状、壳型指数和颜色性状进行了比较分析.结果表明,利用协方差分析对个体大小进行校正后的数据分析结果与原数据的分析结果基本相同,不同群体间的主要数量性状差异显著.生长方面,日本群体的壳高和总质量显著大于中、韩群体,表明日本群体具有明显的生长优势;壳型指数方面,中国和韩国群体间无显著差异,日本群体壳型指数C显著高于中、韩群体,其余壳型指数均低于中、韩群体;颜色性状方面,不同群体的左壳、外套膜和闭壳肌痕的着色程度差异均极显著,左壳的着色程度依次为,韩国群体＞日本群体＞中国群体,外套膜和闭壳肌痕的着色程度均依次为,日本群体＞中国群体＞韩国群体.不同群体间数量性状的显著差异为进一步开展长牡蛎杂交育种以及特色育种研究提供了良好的素材. 相似文献
8.
在长牡蛎的选择育种工作中,为了查明不同地理群体间重要数量性状的差异,利用方差分析、协方差分析和列联表分析等统计方法对长牡蛎中国、日本、韩国3个地理群体快速生长选育系F2代的生长性状、壳型指数和颜色性状进行了比较分析。结果表明,利用协方差分析对个体大小进行校正后的数据分析结果与原数据的分析结果基本相同,不同群体间的主要数量性状差异显著。生长方面,日本群体的壳高和总质量显著大于中、韩群体,表明日本群体具有明显的生长优势;壳型指数方面,中国和韩国群体间无显著差异,日本群体壳型指数C显著高于中、韩群体,其余壳型指数均低于中、韩群体;颜色性状方面,不同群体的左壳、外套膜和闭壳肌痕的着色程度差异均极显著,左壳的着色程度依次为,韩国群体>日本群体>中国群体,外套膜和闭壳肌痕的着色程度均依次为,日本群体>中国群体>韩国群体。不同群体间数量性状的显著差异为进一步开展长牡蛎杂交育种以及特色育种研究提供了良好的素材。 相似文献
9.
鱼类矢耳石形态分析及其在群体识别中的应用实例研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用表征性耳石形态变量(大小变量和轮廓变量)分析方法研究了渤海近岸与长江口水域四个刀鲚(Coilia nasus)群体的识别问题,对比分析了协方差(ANCOVA)校正法和异速生长(allometric growth)校正法在耳石形态分析中去除体长效应的应用效果。研究结果表明,两种体长校正法对四个群体的判别分析结果未产生显著影响,总体识别成功率分别为50.3%和56.5%,群体内个体识别成功率分别为39.5%—90.0%和34.0%—65.1%;长江口水域不同体长组刀鲚个体的耳石形态差异显著,表明其耳石形态特质随鱼类个体生长而变化,协方差校正法和异速生长校正方法的体长组别间的总体识别成功率分别为94.8%和98.8%。整体上,耳石轮廓变量(如矩形趋近率、圆度、分形维数、傅立叶系数等)对刀鲚群体间或体长组别间识别的贡献值高于耳石大小变量(如周长、平均直径、重量、面积等),而二者结合能更有效地识别各地理群体或体长组别个体。 相似文献
10.
红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)三个不同群体的形态差异分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对3个不同群体红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)进行16项形态性状的测定,采用3种多元统计分析方法和方差分析方法,比较了3个群体的外部形态特征。聚类分析结果表明,3个红鳍东方鲀群体中,日本群体(J)和养殖群体(R)的差异最大,野生群体(Y)和养殖群体(R)的差异最小。主成分分析构建了3个反映形态特征信息的综合性指标——主成分1、主成分2和主成分3,三者的贡献率分别为54.961%、12.129%和6.459%,三个主成分的累积贡献率为73.549%,3群体之间存在明显的偏离,形成三个不同的类群,其中,养殖群体(R)和日本群体(J)间的形态差异最大,野生群体(Y)和养殖群体(R)的形态差异最小。判别分析表明,3个红鳍东方鲀群体的形态差异基本上达到差异显著(P0.05)或极显著水平(P0.01),利用贡献率最大的6个参数建立了3个群体的判别函数,其判别准确率分别为97.69%—100%(P1)、97.39%—100%(P2),综合判别率为98.62%,可以认为逐步判别法对于红鳍东方鲀不同群体的初步鉴定是可行的。方差分析多重比较结果表明,3个群体在部分形态特征上表现出明显差异,其中,养殖群体(R)和日本群体(J)之间形态特征差异显著指标最多,养殖群体(R)和野生群体(Y)之间形态特征差异显著指标最少。显然,聚类分析、主成分分析、判别分析和方差分析的结论基本上是类似的,它们从不同角度反映了群体间的形态学差异。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
14.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
15.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
16.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
17.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
19.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
20.