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1.
基于ARCGIS的矿山开采沉陷灾害预警系统 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为了实现与环境协调的矿产资源开采,提出建立并开发了矿山开采沉陷灾害预警系统。以美国大型软件ARCGIS为开发平台,采用ARCMap Object开发方法开发了矿山开采沉陷灾害预警系统;建立了该系统计算参数的位移反分析模型,引入单纯形优化方法,编制了系统计算参数的位移反分析模块;进行了实例计算分析。第1个实例分析了某工作面开采引起的地表沉陷灾害,并与CXYJ2001的计算结果对比,验证了系统的计算可靠性,并展示了系统的功能。第2个实例是对江苏姚桥煤矿开采方案引起的地表沉陷灾害预警分析,优化了开采方案。研究表明,系统是实现与环境协调的矿产资源开采的重要辅助手段。最后,介绍了进一步工作的方向。 相似文献
2.
正油气勘探经济评价是勘探项目可行性研究的重要组成部分,在此之前经济评价是从探明储量上报开始,在勘探阶段对经济评价工作研究较少,缺乏一套适应当前油气勘探市场形势的经济评价理论和方法(郭元岭,2005)。海上油藏相较于陆上成本更高、风险更大,因此本文针对海上油藏勘探开发特点,利用现金流法建立计算模型,由于勘探阶段资料相对匮乏,本次主要通过数据统计和类比等方法,以最简化的方式 相似文献
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本文从酒西盆地实际资料出发,认为该区泥岩欠压实和异常地层压力主要起因于压实不平衡和烃类形成作用.指出该区异常压力可成为石油运移的动力,运移相态主要呈烃相,微裂隙可能为初次运移的主要通道.最后计算并比较了各油藏临界油柱高和二次运移条件,定量地研究了白东-单北水动力油藏中水动力的作用. 相似文献
5.
对既有及正在开发中的填土压实检测技术的原理及实测方法进行了系统的介绍、分析及论证。在此基础上,阐述了开发填土压实检测与压实机械集成系统的必要性、研制机载集成系统时所依据的力学模型、实现途径及国内外关于压实机械集成系统研究、开发的最新进展,介绍了压实机械集成系统的工作原理及工作特性,同时指出了为适应当前及未来土建工程对填土压实质量（特别是沉降量及沉降速率等方面）的基本要求,应以填土压实层的力学强度（K30、动刚度系数等）作为开发压实机械集成系统时的参考对比指标。 相似文献
6.
塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏是经过多期构造岩溶作用形成的缝洞,为储集体以缝洞单元为基本开发单元,平面上连续性极差,具底水但没有统一油水界面,具正常温度、压力系统,低饱和弱亲油性油藏．不同部位油井产能差异较大,高、低产井穿插,油井采油指数相差数百倍．根据油藏描述对塔河油田奥陶系缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏研究及油藏开发进行动态分析,通过可采储量计算方法筛选,认为递减法较适用．随着近两年来对该类油藏的注水开发试验,油藏逐渐表现出明显水驱特征．本项目尝试用水驱法进行试算,与递减法计算结果对比,探讨试算方法的可行性及应用范围,进一步论证目前计算的可采储量是否能反映地层现阶段真实状况． 相似文献
7.
《地质科技情报》2017,(4)
海上大型复杂河流相油田具有储层跨度大、薄层占比高、非均质性强、流体性质差异大的特点,开发过程中面临严重的层间干扰问题,尤其是海上油田进入高含水期非常有必要进行细分开发层系研究,减缓纵向吸水产液不均衡问题,达到有效控制油田含水上升率和递减率的目的。从储层及流体性质差异入手,以数值模拟和油藏工程为方法手段,建立了不同非均质性储层条件下黏度级差与水驱采收率的关系图版以及层系内不同有效组合厚度的含水率与采出程度关系图版,并结合油田实际地质油藏特征,定量化确定了层系划分的黏度级差界限和有效厚度界限,有效指导了PL油田在高含水期实施细分开发层系以改善注水开发效果。 相似文献
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确定水驱开发油藏的合理注采比是现代油藏管理的重要任务之一.水驱开发油藏的注采比是否合理直接影响着油藏地层压力保持水平及生产能力.利用物质平衡方程,依据注采平衡原理,推导出在油藏稳定生产时地层压降与注采比的关系,由实际矿场资料拟合出相关系数,通过合理地层压降来确定合理注采比,为油藏开发后期生产管理提供依据.双河油田437块、438块、Ⅴ上、Ⅶ上等4个开发单元的实例证明,这是一种计算简便、行之有效的方法.在宏观油藏管理上,该方法对于指导高含水期开发阶段油田的注水调整有一定的指导意义和实用价值. 相似文献
10.
安徽省淮北地区是我国重要的煤炭基地和能源基地,煤炭资源的长期开采形成了一定规模的采煤沉陷区。以淮北平原西淝河下段采煤沉陷区为例,分析了沉陷区蓄水与周边浅层地下水的补排关系。结合防洪、除涝等要求分析了沉陷区的蓄水条件及沉陷范围预测,确定了2020、2030年不同频次年份对应的正常蓄水位和汛限水位。选取谢桥站浅层地下水位观测资料,通过概化处理利用达西定律计算了沉陷区与周边浅层地下水的补排量,计算结果表明:月尺度上浅层地下水补给沉陷区占主导;沉陷区周边的浅层地下水会形成水位降落漏斗,但对浅层地下水水位和水量影响不是很大。 相似文献
11.
油井开采过程中油层变形的流固耦合分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在油气开采过程中,随着油气的不断采出,必然造成孔隙流体压力的逐渐降低,由此导致储层岩石骨架的有效应力增大,使得油层产生变形或压实。当油层产生变莆或压实时,对油气生产将造成不利影响。比如：使得油藏的渗透率降低,继而使油井的产能降低,同时,油层的变形直接影响着油井和套管的变形与破坏等等。敢开采过程中油层的变形可以描述为三维变形与三维流体流动场的耦合问题,利用可变形多孔介质中流体渗流的流固耦合有限元数值 相似文献
12.
A geomechanical model can reveal the mechanical behavior of rocks and be used to manage the reservoir programs in a better mode. Fluid pressure will be reduced during hydrocarbon production from a reservoir. This reduction of pressure will increase the effective stress due to overburden sediments and will cause porous media compaction and surface subsidence. In some oil fields, the compacting reservoir can support oil and gas production. However, the phenomena can also cause the loss of wells and reduced production and also cause irreparable damage to the surface structures and affect the surrounding environment. For a detailed study of the geomechanical behavior of a hydrocarbon field, a 3D numerical model to describe the reservoir geomechanical characteristics is essential. During this study, using available data and information, a coupled fluid flow-geomechanic model of Fahlian reservoir formation in X-field in SW of Iran was constructed to estimate the amount of land subsidence. According to the prepared model, in this field, the maximum amount of the vertical stress is 110 MPa and the maximum amount of the horizontal stress is 94 MPa. At last, this model is used for the prediction of reservoir compaction and subsidence of the surface. The maximum value of estimated ground subsidence in the study equals to 29 mm. It is considered that according to the obtained values of horizontal and vertical movement in the wall of different wells, those movements are not problematic for casing and well production and also the surrounding environment. 相似文献
13.
Hydrocarbon recovery has led to compaction and subsidence from the North Sea, to Venezuela, and to the western coast of the US. Subsidence at the Wilmington and Ekofisk oil fields are two of the most widely recognized examples due both to the magnitude of subsidence as well as the cost of remediation. However, while lesser known, subsidence is a challenge for a number of reservoirs. In Venezuela, subsidence due to reservoir depletion has led to severe flooding along the coast of Lake Maracaibo. In the Netherlands, subsidence at the large Groningen gas field, though only on the order of tens of centimeters, poses significant challenges since large portions of the Netherlands are below sea level and protected by dikes.Reservoir compaction and surface, or seabed, subsidence has many impacts, challenges, solutions, and even benefits. Seabed subsidence at the Ekofisk field, for example, has had a well known effect by reducing platform airgap and resulting in the jacking of platforms in 1987, the barrier placement in 1989, and the Ekofisk II redevelopment in 1998. Likewise, subsidence has led to significant pipeline concerns due to excess compressional or tensional strain. Reservoir compaction, the cause of subsidence, has led to numerous casing deformations and poses a notable challenge for well completion. However, reservoir compaction also provides significant drive energy and greatly contributes to increased production and reserves. 相似文献
14.
Seismicity and faulting attributable to fluid extraction 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The association between fluid injection and seismicity has been well documented and widely publicized. Less well known, but probably equally widespread are faulting and shallow seismicity attributable solely to fluid extraction, particularly in association with petroleum production.
Two unequivocable examples of seismicity and faulting associated with fluid extraction in the United States are: The Goose Creek, Texas oil field event of 1925 (involving surface rupture); and the Wilmington, California oil field events (involving subsurface rupture) of 1947, 1949, 1951 (2), 1955, and 1961. Six additional cases of intensity I–VII earthquakes (M < 4.6) without reported faulting may be attributable to shallow production from other large oil and gas fields. In addition to these examples are thirteen cases of apparently aseismic surface rupture associated with production from California and Texas oil fields. Small earthquakes in the Eloy—Picacho area of Arizona may be attributable to withdrawal of groundwater, but their relation to widespread fissuring is enigmatic. The clearest example of extraction-induced seismicity outside of North America is the 1951 series of earthquakes associated with gas production from the Po River delta near Caviga, Italy.
Faulting and seismicity associated with fluid extraction are attributed to differential compaction at depth caused by reduction of reservoir fluid pressure and attendant increase in effective stress. Surface and subsurface measurements and theoretical and model studies show that differential compaction leads not only to differential subsidence and centripetally-directed horizontal displacements, but to changes in both vertical- and horizontal-strain regimes. Study of well-documented examples indicates that the occurrence and nature of faulting and seismicity associated with compaction are functions chiefly of: (1) the pre-exploitation strain regime, and (2) the magnitude of contractional horizontal strain centered over the compacting materials relative to that of the surrounding annulus of extensional horizontal strain.
The examples cited include natural systems strained only by extraction of fluids, as well as some subsequently subjected to injection. Faulting and seismicity have accompanied both decrease and subsequent increase of fluid pressures; reversal of fluid-pressure decline by injection may enhance the likelihood of subsurface faulting and seismicity due chiefly to earlier fluid pressure reduction. A consistent common denominator appears to be continuing compaction at depth; the relative effects of fluid extraction followed by injection are not easily separated. 相似文献
15.
This paper focuses on the aspects of fully coupled continuum modeling of multiphase poroelasticity applied to the three-dimensional
numerical simulations of the Ekofisk oil reservoir in the North Sea (56°29′–34′N, 03°10′–14′E). A systematic presentation
is chosen to present the methodology behind fully coupled, continuum modeling. First, a historical review of the subsidence
phenomena above an oil and gas reservoir is given. This will serve as a background against which the relevance of the present
approach to compaction and subsidence modeling will be demonstrated. Following this, the governing equations for a multiphase
poroelasticity model are briefly presented. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the pore-compressibility term
usually used in an uncoupled approach for characterising the host-rock deformation. A comparative numerical analysis is carried
out to contrast and highlight the difference between coupled and uncoupled reservoir simulators. Finally, a finite-element
numerical model of the Ekofisk field is presented and a significant result is a contour map of seabed subsidence which is
in general agreement with the shape of the subsidence contours based on past bathymetric surveys. Analysis of the simulation
reveals that, due to the downward movement of the overburden, oil migration occurs from the crest of the anticline in which
the field is situated, towards the flank. The pore-pressure depletion in the reservoir is significantly delayed due to the
replenishment of the reservoir energy via the formational compaction. Horizontal movement in the reservoir, which is neglected
in traditional modeling, can be significant and comparable in magnitude to the vertical subsidence.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
16.
Coal seam gas (CSG) is an increasingly important source of natural gas all over the world. Although the influence of conventional oil and gas extraction on surface subsidence has been widely recognized and studied, few studies are carried out on the surface subsidence in coal seam gas fields and its impact on surface infrastructure and the environment. This paper discusses modelling of the surface subsidence associated with coal seam gas production by applying both analytical and numerical methods. By comparison of results from the numerical model and two analytical models, i.e. the disc-shaped reservoir model and the uniaxial compaction model, the analytical solutions cannot describe the complex process of water and gas extraction and have the limitations to predict the surface subsidence, while the numerical model can be better used in prediction of subsidence. After applying the numerical model in numerical analysis, the deformation characteristics of coupled fluid flow, and the effects of permeability change of coal seam, associated overlying and underlying layers, and depressurization rates on surface subsidence are investigated. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can simulate the production of water and gas from coal seams and the associated surface subsidence. 相似文献
17.
Analysis of remote images, elevation surveys, stratigraphic cross-sections, and hydrocarbon production data demonstrates that extensive areas of wetland loss in the northern Gulf Coast region of the United States were associated with large-volume fluid production from mature petroleum fields. Interior wetland losses at many sites in coastal Louisiana and Texas are attributed largely to accelerated land subsidence and fault reactivation induced by decreased reservoir pressures as a result of rapid or prolonged extraction of gas, oil, and associated brines. Evidence that moderately-deep hydrocarbon production has induced land-surface subsidence and reactivated faults that intersect the surface include: (1) close temporal and spatial correlation of fluid production with surficial changes including rapid subsidence of wetland sediments near producing fields, (2) measurable offsets of shallow strata across the zones of wetland loss, (3) large reductions in subsurface pressures where subsidence rates are high, (4) coincidence of orientation and direction of displacement between surface fault traces and faults that bound the reservoirs, and (5) accelerated subsidence rates near producing fields compared to subsidence rates in surrounding areas or compared to geological rates of subsidence. Based on historical trends, subsidence rates in the Gulf Coast region near producing fields most likely will decrease in the future because most petroleum fields are nearly depleted. Alternatively, continued extraction of conventional energy resources as well as potential production of alternative energy resources (geopressured-geothermal fluids) in the Gulf Coast region could increase subsidence and land losses and also contribute to inundation of areas of higher elevation. 相似文献
18.
Reservoir depletion results in rock failure, wellbore instability, hydrocarbon production loss, oil sand production, and ground surface subsidence. Specifically, the compaction of carbonate reservoirs with soft rocks often induces large plastic deformation due to rock pore collapse. On the other hand, following the compaction of reservoirs and failure of rock formations, the porosity and permeability of formations will, in general, decrease. These bring a challenge for reservoir simulations because of high nonlinearity of coupled geomechanics and fluid flow fields. In this work, we present a fully implicit, fully coupled, and fully consistent finite element formulation for coupled geomechanics and fluid flow problems with finite deformation and nonlinear flow models. The Pelessone smooth cap plasticity model, an important material model to capture rock compaction behavior and a challenging material model for implicit numerical formulations, is incorporated in the proposed formulation. Furthermore, a stress-dependent permeability model is taken into account in the formulation. A co-rotational framework is adopted for finite deformation, and an implicit material integrator for cap plasticity models is consistently derived. Furthermore, the coupled field equations are consistently linearized including nonlinear flow models. The physical theories, nonlinear material and flow models, and numerical formulations are the focus of part I of this work. In part II, we verify the proposed numerical framework and demonstrate the performance of our numerical formulation using several numerical examples including a field reservoir with soft rocks undergoing serious compaction. 相似文献
19.
歧口凹陷复式含油气系统及构造控藏模式 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
构造层序和沉降史分析表明,歧口凹陷在新生代具有显著的幕式构造-沉积演化特征,经历了古近纪裂陷期和新近纪裂后期二个构造活动期、古近纪的裂陷Ⅰ幕和Ⅱ幕、新近纪的稳定热沉降幕和加速沉降幕四幕构造运动。结合凹陷内部重要的构造转换界面、结构和构造演化特点,以及各阶段构造样式和油气成藏聚集规律,将歧口凹陷划分为四大含油气系统:孔店断陷-潜山型含油气系统(Ek)、歧口陡坡断阶型含油气系统(Es)、歧口缓坡断阶型含油气系统(Es1+Ed)、歧口坳陷型含油气系统(N)。通过构造组合样式和油气聚集关系研究,建立了凹陷内部掀斜断块-地垒潜山和凹陷边缘断阶-古隆起披覆潜山构造控藏模式。 相似文献
20.
A major development programme comprising 15 gas fields of the northern Adriatic Sea has recently been submitted to the Ministry
of the Environment, VIA Committee for the assessment of the environmental impact, by ENI-Agip, the Italian national oil company.
One of the largest reservoirs is Chioggia Mare, located about 10 km offshore of the Venetian littoral, with a burial depth
of 1000–1400 m. The planned gas production from this field is expected to impact the shoreline stability with a potential
threat to the city of Venice, 25 km northwest of the center of Chioggia Mare. To evaluate the risk of anthropogenic land subsidence
due to gas withdrawal, a numerical model was developed that predicts the compaction of both the gas-bearing formations and
the lateral/bottom aquifer (water drive) during a 13-year producing and a 12-year post-production period, and the transference
of the deep compaction to the ground surface. To address the uncertainty of a few important hydromechanical parameters, several
scenarios are simulated and the most pessimistic predictions obtained. The modeling results show that at most 1 cm of land
subsidence over 25 years may be expected at the city of Chioggia, whereas Venice is not subject to settlement. If aquifer
drawdown is mediated by water injection, land subsidence is arrested 5 km offshore, with the Chioggia littoral zone experiencing
a rebound of 0.6–0.7 cm.
Electronic Publication 相似文献