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1.
基岩岛屿占我国岛屿的90%以上,且岛屿上的淡水资源十分珍贵。目前,岛屿上的供水(船运、雨水收集、海水淡化等)存在成本高、设备易坏等缺点。因此,岛屿的地下水资源无疑是优质、可靠、稳定的供水源。为了更好地开发基岩岛屿地下水资源,认为针对基岩岛屿地下水模拟,从地下水理论、地下水模拟的国内外研究现状和模拟模型等方面进行了综述。总结认为: 基岩岛屿的地下水多以“淡水蘑菇体”的形式储存,有别于沙质岛屿; 模拟模型应概化为横向各项同性的达西流或非达西流,或二者的耦合模型,并归纳了相应的地下水流运动方程; 基岩岛屿地下水模拟模型应分为孔隙型、裂隙型和孔隙-裂隙型3种类型; 在岛屿边界设定上,基岩海岸应设为隔水边界,沙质海岸应设为定水头边界。综述研究认为: 基岩岛屿地下水模拟模型应尽可能精细、完整、精准地刻画基岩岛屿的地质地貌,设置完整的岛屿补径排项; 模拟时,应准确对应基岩岛屿的地下水类型,选准模拟方法与模拟软件; 模型验证工作也是十分重要,需多次与岛屿水量均衡,且与实测水量和水位作对照,不断地修善模型。以上综述成果为我国今后开展基岩岛屿地下水数据模拟提供了理论依据。 相似文献
2.
基岩岛屿占我国岛屿的90%以上,且岛屿上的淡水资源十分珍贵。目前,岛屿上的供水(船运、雨水收集、海水淡化等)存在成本高、设备易坏等缺点。因此,岛屿的地下水资源无疑是优质、可靠、稳定的供水源。为了更好地开发基岩岛屿地下水资源,认为针对基岩岛屿地下水模拟,从地下水理论、地下水模拟的国内外研究现状和模拟模型等方面进行了综述。总结认为: 基岩岛屿的地下水多以“淡水蘑菇体”的形式储存,有别于沙质岛屿; 模拟模型应概化为横向各项同性的达西流或非达西流,或二者的耦合模型,并归纳了相应的地下水流运动方程; 基岩岛屿地下水模拟模型应分为孔隙型、裂隙型和孔隙-裂隙型3种类型; 在岛屿边界设定上,基岩海岸应设为隔水边界,沙质海岸应设为定水头边界。综述研究认为: 基岩岛屿地下水模拟模型应尽可能精细、完整、精准地刻画基岩岛屿的地质地貌,设置完整的岛屿补径排项; 模拟时,应准确对应基岩岛屿的地下水类型,选准模拟方法与模拟软件; 模型验证工作也是十分重要,需多次与岛屿水量均衡,且与实测水量和水位作对照,不断地修善模型。以上综述成果为我国今后开展基岩岛屿地下水数据模拟提供了理论依据。 相似文献
3.
Growing demand for potable water for various needs has lead to indiscriminate exploitation of groundwater resources, particularly,
in the terrain where surface water resources are negligible. One such area is an island where groundwater is the only source
of fresh water. Groundwater is the prime source of fresh water on most of the atolls in the world. Groundwater on these islands
is in the form of thin fragile floating lens and is often vulnerable to overexploitation, draught, tidal waves, tsunami and
cyclone resulting in seawater ingress. Sustainable development of this meager source of fresh groundwater for a longer time
becomes a more difficult task on small atolls with a large population depending on this vital resource. To develop a sustainable
management scheme and identify the vulnerable part of aquifer, characterization of the aquifer system on islands is imperative.
Groundwater on an atoll is extremely vulnerable to seawater mixing through natural as well as human activities. One such natural
process is the tides of the ocean. The response of sea tide to the water table on the island offers valuable data as well
as cost-effective means to characterize an aquifer system. Such characterization is vital for the management of groundwater
resources on an atoll. The obtained results have compared well with the parameters obtained through a conventional pumping
test. Therefore, the use of tidal response to the water table, which can easily be recorded, provides a rapid and cost-effective
means to characterization of the aquifer system on the island. 相似文献
4.
F. Sola A. Vallejos L. Moreno J. A. López Geta A. Pulido Bosch 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(1):63-76
This article analyses the hydrogeochemical processes, linked to the freshwater–seawater mixing zone, which can be caused by continuous pumping from a detrital coastal aquifer. It was necessary to construct an experimental plot, drilling three boreholes along a line perpendicular to the coast. A complete physico-chemical analysis was done of all water samples taken. The percentage of seawater, calculated from Chloride and 18Oxygen concentrations, varied between 55 and 90 %. The ionic deltas (Δ) calculated, and the saturation indices (SI) of mineral phases susceptible to precipitation or dissolution, allowed a series of hydrogeochemical processes to be identified that occur as a consequence of the advance of marine intrusion into the coastal band, and of aquifer flushing. Based on the major elements, the fraction of exchange (βI) was calculated for samples ranging from seawater to freshwater, and this revealed that differences in βI could explain the hydrochemistry of the mixing zone. The main processes recognised include precipitation of dolomite, dissolution of gypsum, fixation of sulphur salts and cation exchange. Most of the ion exchange took place between Na and Calcium + Magnesium ions. The process of fixation or liberation of these ions is probably determined by the advance or recession of the saline wedge, and/or by recharge during rainy periods. The behaviour of Magnesium is more sensitive to small variations in salinity, whilst Calcium behaves more homogeneously. The high percentage of seawater in the samples studied favours the speed and magnitude of processes such as ion exchange, and the intervention of magnesium is also a key. 相似文献
5.
对雅砻江某电站的水样进行多元统计分析，水样的八个指标Q型聚类，对地表水及地下水进行了水文地质初步分类，主因子分析反映了与地下水形成作用有关的三个重要的水文地球化学作用，即岩溶作用、黄铁矿的氧化作用以及地下水的溶滤作用。结合多元统计结果以及本区的水文地质条件，对地下水系进行了分类。 相似文献
6.
Delineation of groundwater provenance in a coastal aquifer using statistical and isotopic methods,Southeast Tanzania 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
Said Suleiman Bakari Per Aagaard Rolf D. Vogt Fridtjov Ruden Ingar Johansen Said Ali Vuai 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(3):889-902
Rapid population growth and urbanization has placed a high demand on freshwater resources in southeast costal Tanzania. In this paper, we identify the various sources of groundwater and the major factors affecting the groundwater quality by means of multivariate statistical analyses, using chemical tracers and stable isotope signatures. The results from hierarchical cluster analyses show that the groundwater in the study area may be classified into four groups. A factor analysis indicates that groundwater composition is mainly affected by three processes, accounting for 80.6% of the total data variance: seawater intrusion, dilution of groundwater by recharge, and sewage infiltration. The hydrochemical facies of shallow groundwater was mostly of the Na–Ca–Cl type, although other water types were also observed. The deep groundwater samples were slightly to moderately mineralized and they were of the NaHCO3 type. This water type is induced mainly by dissolution of carbonate minerals and modified by ion exchange reactions. The signal from the stable isotope composition of the groundwater samples corresponded well with the major chemical characteristics. In the shallow groundwater, both high-nitrate and high-chloride concentrations were associated with localized stable isotope enrichments which offset the meteoric isotopic signature. This is inferred to be due to the contamination by influx of sewage, as well as intrusion by seawater. The depleted stable isotope values, which coincides with a chemical signature for the deep aquifer indicates that this deep groundwater is derived from infiltration in the recharge zone followed by slow lateral percolation. This study shows that a conceptual hydrogeochemical interpretation of the results from multivariate statistical analysis (using HCA and FA) on water chemistry, including isotopic data, provides a powerful tool for classifying the sources of groundwater and identifying the significant factors governing the groundwater quality. The derived knowledge generated by this study constitutes a conceptual framework for investigating groundwater characteristics. This is a prerequisite for developing a sound management plan, which is a requirement for ensuring a sustainable exploitation of the deep aquifer water resource in the coastal area of Tanzania. 相似文献
7.
Venkatesh Uddameri Sreeram Singaraju E. Annette Hernandez 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(6):2503-2515
The sea levels along the semi-arid South Texas coast are noted to have risen by 3–5 mm/year over the last five decades. Data from General Circulation Models (GCMs) indicate that this trend will continue in the 21st century with projected sea level rise in the order of 1.8–5.9 mm/year due to the melting of glaciers and thermal ocean expansion. Furthermore, the temperature in South Texas is projected to increase by as much as 4 °C by the end of the 21st century creating a greater stress on scarce water resources of the region. Increased groundwater use hinterland due to urbanization as well as rising sea levels due to climate change impact the freshwater-saltwater interface in coastal aquifers and threaten the sustainability of coastal communities that primarily rely on groundwater resources. The primary goal of this study was to develop an integrated decision support framework to assist land and water planners in coastal communities to assess the impacts of climate change and urbanization. More specifically, the developed system was used to address whether coastal side (primarily controlled by climate change) or landward side processes (controlled by both climate change and urbanization) had a greater control on the saltwater intrusion phenomenon. The decision support system integrates a sharp-interface model with information from GCMs and observed data and couples them to statistical and information-theoretic uncertainty analysis techniques. The developed decision support system is applied to study saltwater intrusion characteristics at a small coastal community near Corpus Christi, TX. The intrusion characteristics under various plausible climate and urbanization scenarios were evaluated with consideration given to uncertainty and variability of hydrogeologic parameters. The results of the study indicate that low levels of climate change have a greater impact on the freshwater-saltwater interface when the level of urbanization is low. However, the rate of inward intrusion of the saltwater wedge is controlled more so by urbanization effects than climate change. On a local (near coast) scale, the freshwater-saltwater interface was affected by groundwater production locations more so than the volume produced by the community. On a regional-scale, the sea level rise at the coast was noted to have limited impact on saltwater intrusion which was primarily controlled by freshwater influx from the hinterlands towards the coast. These results indicate that coastal communities must work proactively with planners from the up-dip areas to ensure adequate freshwater flows to the coast. Field monitoring of this parameter is clearly warranted. The concordance analysis indicated that input parameter sensitivity did not change across modeled scenarios indicating that future data collection and groundwater monitoring efforts should not be hampered by noted divergences in projected climate and urbanization patterns. 相似文献
8.
Geochemical characterization of karst groundwater in the cradle of humankind world heritage site,South Africa 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The karst of the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site plays a major role in the assimilation or carrying of acid mine drainage,
sewage effluent return flow and agricultural run-off. Infiltration of contaminated water has altered the chemical composition
of the natural waters of the karst system. A multivariate statistical method in combination with conventional geochemical
and spatial analysis was applied on groundwater and surface water quality samples to determine the spatial extent of hydrochemical
impacts from different anthropogenic sources. The application of hierarchical cluster analysis of the major ions (148 samples)
recognised three distinct hydrochemical regimes. Cluster 1 is moderately mineralized, especially with regard to chloride,
nitrate and sulphate, cluster 2 has a low mineralization with all elements well within the recommended drinking water limits
of South Africa and cluster 3 represents highly mineralized samples taken in the vicinity of decanting mineshafts. The cluster
solution is confirmed by a simple mixing model, indicating varying contributions of three identified end members (acid mine
drainage, treated sewage effluents and pristine dolomitic groundwater) to the groundwater quality in the catchment. The combination
of statistical, geochemical and spatial methods in conjunction with end-member mixing analysis provides a reliable method
to understand the processes responsible for the groundwater quality variations and to assist in the identification of anthropogenic
impacts. 相似文献
9.
Yosra Ayadi Naziha Mokadem Houda Besser Belgacem Redhaounia Faten Khelifi Samia Harabi Talel Nasri Younes Hamed 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(9):349
Teboursouk region, Northwestern Tunisia, is characterized by the diversity of its natural resources (petroleum, groundwater and minerals). It constitutes a particular site widely studied, especially from a tectonic stand point as it exhibits a complex architecture dominated by multi-scale synclinals and Triassic extrusions. It has typical karst landform that constitutes important water resources devoted for human consumption and agriculture activities, besides to the exploitation of the Mio-Plio-Quaternary aquifer (MPQ). Thus, hydrogeological investigations play a significant role in the assessment of groundwater mineralization and the evaluation of the used water quality for different purposes. Hence, the current study based on a combined geochemical–statistical investigation of 50 groundwater samples from the multilayered aquifer system in the study area give crucial information about the principal factors and processes influencing groundwater chemistry. The chemical analysis of the water samples showed that Teboursouk groundwater is dominantly of Ca–Mg–Cl–SO4 water type with little contribution of Ca–Mg–HCO3, Na–K–Cl–SO4 and Na–K–HCO3. The total dissolved solids (TDS) values range from 0.37 to 3.58 g/l. The highest values are located near the Triassic outcrops. Furthermore, the hydrogeochemistry of the studied system was linked with various processes such as carbonates weathering, evaporites dissolution of Triassic outcrops and anthropogenic activities (nitrate contamination). Additionally, the main processes controlling Teboursouk water system were examined by means of multivariate statistical analysis (PCA and HCA) applied in this study based on 10 physicochemical parameters (TDS, pH, SO4, HCO3, pCO2, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl and NO3). Two principal components were extracted from PCA accounting 61% of total variance and revealing that the chemical characteristics of groundwater in the region were acquired through carbonates and evaporite dissolution besides to nitrate contamination. Similarly, according to Cluster analysis using Ward’s method and squared Euclidean distance, groundwater from the studied basin belongs to five different groups suggesting that the geochemical evolution of Teboursouk groundwater is controlled by dissolution of carbonates minerals, chemical weathering of Triassic evaporite outcrops, cation exchange and anthropogenic activities (nitrate contamination). 相似文献
10.
【研究目的】中国南方岩溶地区干旱缺水等问题异常突出,岩溶地下水赋存和分布的复杂,开发利用率低,基于多年调查研究工作为基础,系统总结南方岩溶区地下水资源特征,研讨水资源保障对策。【研究方法】基于南方岩溶区地下水资源特点、地下水系统类型、地下水系统空间结构的叠置性和时空分布不均性分析,提出南方岩溶区水资源保障对策。【研究结果】南方岩溶区可从以下三方面充分发挥地下水资源安全保障作用,一是掌握地下水赋存分布规律,发挥分散供水和应急供水作用;二是加强调蓄工程建设,解决水资源时空分布不均问题;三是建立与生态重建和经济发展相结合的地下水资源可持续利用模式。【结论】南方岩溶区地下水赋存条件复杂,具有表层带岩溶水系统、岩溶地下河与管道流系统、岩溶大泉系统以及分散排泄地下水系统多种类型,规模大小不一,开发利用形式多样;在垂向上具有叠置性,水空分布严重不均;开发利用潜力较大。在地球科学系统论的指导下,查明岩溶水资源赋存分布规律,科学评价地下水资源量,因地制宜制定水资源开发利用和保护方案,为脱贫攻坚、生态文明建设和乡村振兴提供技术支撑。创新点：以系统水文地质环境地质综合调查和地下水开发利用示范工作为基础,系统总结南方岩溶区地下水资源特点;针对岩溶区水资源安全保障问题,分析其主要原因,提出了水资源保障对策。 相似文献
11.
滨海岩溶区过渡带碳酸盐岩溶浊作用的试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
滨海岩溶具有内陆一般岩溶区不同的发育机理，其过渡带混合溶蚀作用是控制滨海岩溶发育的最主要因素之一。通过七组不同淡水与海水配比的混合溶蚀实验（封闭CO2－H2O系统），初步得出了过渡带混合溶蚀作用的基本结论：（1）滨海岩溶区过渡带岩溶发育的基本规律与内陆一般岩溶区岩溶发育规律的基本一致，即岩性，结构是控制滨海岩溶发育的最主要因素；（2）滨海岩溶区混合过渡带内碳酸盐岩的混合溶蚀速率大于纯淡水或纯海水中同种岩石的溶蚀速率；（3）在不同的CO2分压条件下，滨海岩溶区混合过渡带内碳酸盐岩的混合溶蚀机理不同。 相似文献
12.
为明确塔中西部奥陶系鹰山组古岩溶储层发育及主控因素,总结鹰山组古岩溶特征及发育条件,划分了岩溶层组类型。在鹰山组古地貌恢复基础上,通过钻井、取心、测井等资料,分析丘状岩溶台地、上丘状岩溶缓坡地和下丘状岩溶缓坡地典型井岩溶缝洞特征。结合大量钻井资料分析了上述3类古地貌单元岩溶缝洞储层发育规律及主控因素。对岩溶缝洞储层发育深度分析表明,岩溶缝洞发育段主要在鹰山组顶面以下0~180 m,受3期海平面控制,发育多层缝洞。表层溶洞主要发育在0~50 m,泥质充填较强,测井GR值较高,溶洞规模多小于2 m。岩溶台地区岩溶缝洞形成受微地貌、水动力条件控制,以小规模溶洞、溶蚀孔洞、溶蚀裂缝为主,缝洞后期易充填。岩溶缓坡地岩溶缝洞形成受岩溶层组、水动力条件控制,以小溶蚀孔洞、溶蚀裂缝为主,后期不易充填。滨岸岩溶带及岩溶岛屿发育海水、混合水岩溶作用,溶蚀作用及冲蚀、侵蚀作用使该区域形成较大洞穴。 相似文献
13.
Assessment of seasonal variations of chemical characteristics in surface water using multivariate statistical methods 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
A. Zare Garizi V. Sheikh Ph.D. A. Sadoddin Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2011,8(3):581-592
Water pollution has become a growing threat to human society and natural ecosystems in the recent decades. Assessment of seasonal changes in water quality is important for evaluating temporal variations of river pollution. In this study, seasonal variations of chemical characteristics of surface water for the Chehelchay watershed in northeast of Iran was investigated. Various multivariate statistical techniques, including multivariate analysis of variance, discriminant analysis, principal component analysis and factor analysis were applied to analyze river water quality data set containing 12 parameters recorded during 13 years within 1995–2008. The results showed that river water quality has significant seasonal changes. Discriminant analysis identified most important parameters contributing to seasonal variations of river water quality. The analysis rendered a dramatic data reduction using only five parameters: electrical conductivity, chloride, bicarbonate, sulfate and hardness, which correctly assigned 70.2 % of the observations to their respective seasonal groups. Principal component analysis / factor analysis assisted to recognize the factors or origins responsible for seasonal water quality variations. It was determined that in each season more than 80 % of the total variance is explained by three latent factors standing for salinity, weathering-related processes and alkalinity, respectively. Generally, the analysis of water quality data revealed that the Chehelchay River water chemistry is strongly affected by rock water interaction, hydrologic processes and anthropogenic activities. This study demonstrates the usefulness of multivariate statistical approaches for analysis and interpretation of water quality data, identification of pollution sources and understanding of temporal variations in water quality for effective river water quality management. 相似文献
14.
中国北方岩溶水变化特征及其环境问题 总被引：19，自引：14，他引：5
随着自然条件改变和人类活动强度的加大,我国北方岩溶水系统从输入、输出到结构、水资源要素转换关系均发生了巨大变化,在短短几十年内有近30%岩溶大泉断流,80%泉水流量大幅度衰减,区域岩溶地下水位每年以1~2m速度持续下降,同时,有20%以上的岩溶水系统主排泄带的水质在Ⅲ类以下且总体趋向恶化,此外,还存在着矿坑突水,岩溶塌陷、地裂,海水入侵,旅游功能降低,生态功能丧失等诸多的岩溶水环境问题,极大地加剧了水资源的紧张状况。本文根据前人成果和实地调查资料并采用一些典型事例归纳总结了岩溶水环境问题及其发展演化趋势,展示北方岩溶水面临的严峻形势,以引起社会各界对此问题的关注,加大岩溶水资源调查研究与保护力度,同时,也为广大学者开展相关立项与研究提供参考。 相似文献
15.
The karst geological system in north China is different from that in the south. Due to differences in basic geological conditions
and environment, the karst evolutional pattern and karst water resources, among other things, are also different in the two
regions. This paper, based on on-site fieldwork and analysis of an extensive database of karst in China, presents a systematic
and contrastive analysis of karst geological environment and karst water resources in north versus south China, highlights
the differences between the two regions in basic karst geological conditions, groundwater dynamics and karst water resources,
and concludes with the economic, environmental and engineering implications of these differences. These findings will be helpful
for the strategic planning and decision-making processes associated with exploitation of karst geological resources and with
prevention and control of karst geological hazards. 相似文献
16.
Geochemical and isotopic evidence for palaeo-seawater intrusion into the south coast aquifer of Laizhou Bay, China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Dongmei HanClaus Kohfahl Xianfang Song Guoqiang XiaoJilong Yang 《Applied Geochemistry》2011,26(5):863-883
This research aims to improve the current knowledge of groundwater salinisation processes in coastal aquifers using combined hydrochemical and isotopic parameters and inverse hydrochemical modelling. Field investigations were conducted in Laizhou Bay, which is the area most seriously affected by seawater intrusion in north China. During three sampling campaigns along a vertical transect in the Changyi-Liutuan area, 95 ground- and surface-water samples were collected for major ion and isotope analysis (2H/18O, 3H, 14C, 34S). The groundwater changes along the general flowpath towards the coast from fresh (<1 g/L), brackish (1-10 g/L), saline (10-100 g/L) to brine water (>100 g/L). Molar Cl/Br ratios are close to those of seawater in almost all groundwater samples, indicating that brines and deep seawater evolved from different events of palaeo-seawater intrusion. Depleted isotopic signatures of brines and deep saline water point to a former, initially depleted seawater reservoir due to runoff dilution. Tritium and 14C activities in deep saline water below confining units indicate isolation from modern precipitation and significant residence times. Brine water shows a wide range of 3H and 14C ages due to the complex conditions of mixing without isolation from modern groundwater. Sulphur-34 isotope ratios support seawater intrusion as a possible salt origin, although this parameter does not exclude gypsum dissolution. The combined use of Cl and 18O yields four different end-members of groundwater, and three different mixing scenarios were identified explaining the hydrochemical composition of groundwater samples with intermediate salinity in the different areas. To improve understanding of the various water types and their related processes in a spatial context, a conceptual model was developed integrating the results derived from the presented data in a vertical cross-section. Results of three inverse modelling simulations using PHREEQC-2 show that all hypothetical mixing scenarios derived from conservative components are thermodynamically feasible. In all scenarios, mixing, ion exchange, dissolution of dolomite and precipitation of gypsum and calcite account for the hydrochemical changes. 相似文献
17.
淡水透镜体作为海岛上珍贵的地下淡水资源,对于满足居民生活用水与维护生态系统具有重要作用,增加海岛地下淡水资源储量可有效缓解海岛地区普遍存在的水资源短缺问题。本研究提出通过在海岛外部区域采用低渗透性介质材料增加海岛地下淡水资源储量的方法,采用室内物理模型实验与基于变密度地下水流溶质运移模型的数值模拟相结合的方法对提出方法的有效性进行了验证,并通过野外尺度的数学模型分析工程实施可能性。实验与数值模拟结果较吻合,表明该方法具有抵御海水入侵、增加海岛地下淡水资源储量的巨大潜力。通过基于野外尺度的数值模拟分析工程实施的可能性,发现对于降雨入渗补给强度为0.005 7 m/d、长度为200 m,孔隙度为0.3的狭长形均质海岛,地下淡水储量为66.5 m3/m,在海岛外部区域采用渗透系数为1 m/d、厚度为5 m的低渗透性介质材料后,淡水透镜体经过约8 a时间可再次达到稳态,地下淡水储量为343.8 m3/m,增加约4倍,工程实施具备一定可能性。本研究为缓解海岛地区缺水问题、实现淡水资源可持续利用提供了一种新方法。 相似文献
18.
环境同位素特征对滨海岩溶地区海水入侵过程的指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大连大魏家水源地位于中国北方典型滨海岩溶地区。近30年来,地下淡水的不合理开采造成的地下水位降落漏斗引发了严重的海水入侵。以大魏家水源地为研究对象,通过大量的水文地质调查和水化学及同位素采样测试分析,探讨海水入侵形成的水动力条件,通过分析滨海岩溶含水层中地下水主要水化学和多种同位素(δ2H-δ18O,δ34S,δ13C)组成特征,识别了海水入侵过程中发生的主要水文地球化学作用,并对其进行了定量模拟,从而阐明了岩溶含水层中的海水入侵机理。研究结果表明:大连大魏家海水入侵主要通道为大魏家地区存在的导水断裂、岩溶裂隙以及第四系松散地层。对δ2H-δ18O同位素的组成分析表明,研究区地下水主要来自大气降水补给,结合Cl-浓度分布,认为除海水入侵淡水含水层后增加了地下水中的盐分外,浅层地下水的蒸发也对地下水中盐分的累积起到了重要作用。根据不同水体中δ34SSO4,δ13CHCO3等同位素特征,结合水化学成分(如SO2-4,Cl-)分析认为,研究区微咸水和咸水并不是地下水淡水和海水简单混合而成。利用反向水文地球化学模拟揭示了控制滨海岩溶含水层中水化学演化的主要水文地球化学反应有方解石、蒙脱石和石膏的溶解作用,伊利石的沉淀作用以及Ca-Na离子交换作用,伴随着CO2的释放。 相似文献
19.
The eastern coast of the Red Sea is characterized by the presence of numerous marine heads that differ in terms of shape, size, geological setting, structures, and composition. This difference directly affects geomorphological evolution. In the present study, Ras Al-Shabaan was chosen as a most important area in this coast. Field investigations supported with photo-interpretation techniques were performed for studying of geomorphological features of Ras Al-Shabaan. On the other hand, the remotely sensed imagery data has been used extensively in the identification of geological and geomorphological details of Ras Al-Shabaan. The geomorphological studies showed that depositional processes of wadis and channels are predominant at the Ras Al-Shabaan coast. The changes in geomorphological and geological data of Ras Al-Shabaan were identified by remote sensing image software. Two Landsat ETM+ images from 1990 and 2010 have been processed. The analysis of remote sensing data combined with field investigations and reference data were used to monitor, delineate, and describe the geomorphological changes of Ras Al-Shabaan coast during proceedings of supervised classification of ground units. Hence, the change detection statistics have been used in ground units. Geological and geomorphological maps were digitized by using ArcGIS software. Remote sensing techniques and geographic information system (GIS) were employed in order to monitor the results of changes occurred in the line of the coast. The satellite image processing and water index data were transferred to the ArcGIS program to draw the coast lines and to stand on the changes occurred. Thereby, it was possible to identify the most prominent landforms and geomorphic units of this area. Results showed that platforms, barriers, rocky heads, islands, coral reefs, submerged reefs, tidal channels, dissolution grooves, sabkhas, inlet system, waves work, and shoreline processes were included in coastal prominent landforms. The circumstances that formed this coast are not permanent, as it is changing rapidly and continuously due to erosion and uplift processes. 相似文献
20.
The present study was carried out to investigate the impact of anthropogenic influences on Cuddalore coast, Southeast coast of India, with regard to physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentration in the surface water and sediment samples of the study area. The samples were collected in different seasons of the year (January–December 2010) and analysed for physicochemical parameters (Temperature, pH, salinity, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate and silicate) and heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) using standard methods. Results showed that physicochemical characteristics and heavy metals concentration in the samples of the study area were varied seasonally and spatially. The concentrations of heavy metals in water and sediment samples of the study area were higher in the monsoon season compared with those of other seasons. The heavy metal concentration in collected samples was found to be above WHO standards. The order of heavy metals in water and sediment samples was Pb > Cu > Cd > Zn. The heavy metal data were analysed through widely using multivariate statistical methods including principle component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). CA classified the sampling sites into three clusters based on contamination sources and season. The PCA revealed that the season has a huge impact on the levels, types and distribution of metals found in water and sediment samples. The study also shows the main basis of heavy metals pollution at Cuddalore coast is land based anthropogenic inputs as a result of discharging of waste from industries, municipal, agricultural activities and sewage into estuarine regions, which carries the wastes into coastal area during tidal action. Statistical analyses and experimental data revealed that the Cuddalore coast may cause health risk to the recreational users and fisher folk, ultimately warrants environmental quality management to control heavy metal contamination. 相似文献